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Bauhaus final ppt
The Bauhaus school was a German art school operational from 1919-1933 that combined crafts and fine arts. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar and later relocated to Dessau and Berlin under his leadership and those of Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The school emphasized simplicity, functionality, and craftsmanship and had influence on modern architecture and design. Notable achievements included furniture, lighting, and other object designs that combined aesthetic appeal with industrial materials and mass production capabilities.
BAUHAUS DESIGN
Bauhaus "the Construction House",The Bauhaus Philosophy,Material,Characteristics of Bauhaus Design,Contributors & Faculties,NID and Bauhaus,Examples
Minimalism- study of an art movement
"MINIMALISM" is an art movement started in 1960's and early 70's post world war-2.
the art form derived from reductive aspects of "post modernism" and is subjected to reduce to necessary elements only.
shows the trend in design, architecture and art during the movement and work of the various artist related to the movement.
10. Le Corbusier e il Razionalismo in Francia
10. Le Corbusier e il Razionalismo in FranciaLEZIONI DI STORIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA - Prof.ssa Philomène Gattuso
The Bauhaus
The document summarizes the history and principles of the Bauhaus school from 1919-1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar to unite fine arts and craftsmanship. The preliminary course immersed students in materials and design fundamentals taught by masters like Itten, Albers and Moholy-Nagy. Notable artists like Kandinsky, Klee and Feininger taught as well. The school pioneered mass production and an embrace of modern industrial aesthetics before disbanding under Nazi pressure in 1933. Its influence spread as masters migrated to the US.
Cubism Lecture
Cubism was an early 20th century abstract art style developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. It involved depicting subjects from multiple viewpoints to represent the subject in a multidimensional way. The two main phases were Analytic Cubism, which used monochromatic colors and focused on reducing forms to geometric shapes, and Synthetic Cubism, which introduced collage and a wider use of color. Cubism influenced many later artistic movements and fundamentally changed how visual art was conceived.
Construtivismo russo
O Construtivismo Russo foi um movimento de arte vanguardista que surgiu na Rússia após 1919, caracterizado por elementos geométricos e cores primárias, que defendia que a arte deveria contribuir para as necessidades da sociedade e ser útil à revolução e engenharia socialista.
Recommended
Bauhaus final ppt
The Bauhaus school was a German art school operational from 1919-1933 that combined crafts and fine arts. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar and later relocated to Dessau and Berlin under his leadership and those of Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The school emphasized simplicity, functionality, and craftsmanship and had influence on modern architecture and design. Notable achievements included furniture, lighting, and other object designs that combined aesthetic appeal with industrial materials and mass production capabilities.
BAUHAUS DESIGN
Bauhaus "the Construction House",The Bauhaus Philosophy,Material,Characteristics of Bauhaus Design,Contributors & Faculties,NID and Bauhaus,Examples
Minimalism- study of an art movement
"MINIMALISM" is an art movement started in 1960's and early 70's post world war-2.
the art form derived from reductive aspects of "post modernism" and is subjected to reduce to necessary elements only.
shows the trend in design, architecture and art during the movement and work of the various artist related to the movement.
10. Le Corbusier e il Razionalismo in Francia
10. Le Corbusier e il Razionalismo in FranciaLEZIONI DI STORIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA - Prof.ssa Philomène Gattuso
The Bauhaus
The document summarizes the history and principles of the Bauhaus school from 1919-1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar to unite fine arts and craftsmanship. The preliminary course immersed students in materials and design fundamentals taught by masters like Itten, Albers and Moholy-Nagy. Notable artists like Kandinsky, Klee and Feininger taught as well. The school pioneered mass production and an embrace of modern industrial aesthetics before disbanding under Nazi pressure in 1933. Its influence spread as masters migrated to the US.
Cubism Lecture
Cubism was an early 20th century abstract art style developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. It involved depicting subjects from multiple viewpoints to represent the subject in a multidimensional way. The two main phases were Analytic Cubism, which used monochromatic colors and focused on reducing forms to geometric shapes, and Synthetic Cubism, which introduced collage and a wider use of color. Cubism influenced many later artistic movements and fundamentally changed how visual art was conceived.
Construtivismo russo
O Construtivismo Russo foi um movimento de arte vanguardista que surgiu na Rússia após 1919, caracterizado por elementos geométricos e cores primárias, que defendia que a arte deveria contribuir para as necessidades da sociedade e ser útil à revolução e engenharia socialista.
The Origin Of Bauhaus and its influences on The Foundation Program in Arts Ed...
The Bauhaus was an influential art school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933. It combined crafts and fine arts, and was famous for its approach to design that it publicized and taught. Led initially by Walter Gropius, the school sought to merge art and technology and moved locations in Weimar, Dessau, and Berlin during its existence. The Bauhaus had a significant impact and influenced modern design, education, and art throughout the 20th century.
The bauhaus presentation
The document discusses the Bauhaus school, founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Germany. The Bauhaus aimed to integrate art and craftsmanship and bridge the gap between art and industry. Gropius gathered some of Europe's most respected creative minds as teachers who were immersed in theoretical and practical design. Key principles of Bauhaus included experimentation, honesty of construction, standardized production, and form following function. The document also profiles some of the most popular Bauhaus artists and designers who helped pioneer modern art and design.
11 deutscher werkbund [compatibility mode]
The document discusses several key figures in the German Werkbund movement from 1907-1914 such as Peter Behrens, Walter Gropius, Hermann Muthesius, and Bruno Taut. It lists some of their notable architectural works including Behrens' AEG Turbine Factory in Berlin from 1908-1909, Gropius and Meyer's Fagus Shoe Factory in Alfeld from 1911-1914, and Taut's social housing settlement "Reform" in Magdeburg from 1913. It also mentions works by these figures that were featured at the Cologne Werkbund Exhibition in 1914.
Bauhaus
Bauhaus was an influential art and architecture school in Germany from 1919-1933 that developed an approach to design emphasizing functionality, affordability, and suitability for mass production. The school sought to combine art, craft, and technology by considering machinery and new technology positively and making industrial and product design important aspects of its curriculum. Notable Bauhaus figures included founder Walter Gropius, who wanted to reunite art and craft to produce stylish, contemporary functional products, as well as architects and designers Marcel Breuer and Wassily Kandinsky.
Estilo internacional
Apresentação editada pelo professor Luís Correia Cardoso no âmbito da sua formação profissional para aplicação nas actividades lectivas das disciplinas de design e artes
The arts and crafts movement
refers to the early 19th-century British and American movement to revive handicrafts. The movement was also the inspiration behind the Craftsman and bungalow styles. English reformer William Morris was one of the founders of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the late 1880s.
Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Niemeyer (1907-2012) foi o maior arquiteto brasileiro, responsável pelo planejamento da nova capital Brasília. Projetou diversos prédios emblemáticos no Brasil e no exterior com seu estilo modernista de concreto. Faleceu em dezembro de 2012 aos 104 anos, sendo amplamente reconhecido como um dos maiores representantes da arquitetura moderna.
Art nouveau style
The document provides an overview of Art Nouveau, an international style of decoration and architecture from the late 19th to early 20th century characterized by flowing, sinuous lines depicting leaves and flowers. It discusses key features of Art Nouveau including organic and dynamic forms, curved designs, and avoidance of historical traits. Notable Art Nouveau practitioners and their works are mentioned for Britain, France, Spain, Vienna, and the US. Two examples of Art Nouveau architecture, Casa Mila in Barcelona and Hotel Guimard in Paris, are described in more detail to illustrate the dominant curved lines and arches as well as root-like designs.
Adolf Loos
Adolf Loos was born in 1870 in the Czech Republic to German parents. He attended technical colleges in Austria and Germany in the late 19th century, studying architecture. In the 1890s he traveled extensively in the United States where he was influenced by Louis Sullivan's form-follows-function aesthetic. In 1908 he published his famous essay "Ornament and Crime" criticizing decorative elements in design. Two of his most controversial works were the stark modern Looshaus in Vienna in 1910, which angered the Austrian emperor, and his unornamented entry for the 1922 Chicago Tribune tower competition. His final work, the Villa Müller in Prague completed in 1930, is considered the culmination of his anti-ornamental
Bauhaus presentation
The Bauhaus was an influential art school that operated in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar with the goal of integrating art and technology. The school emphasized functionalist and minimalist design and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. Some notable Bauhaus teachers included Gropius, Hannes Meyer, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Famous Bauhaus designs include the Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer and the Barcelona Chair by Mies van der Rohe.
Bauhaus
The document discusses the origins and principles of the Bauhaus school, which was founded in Germany in 1919 by Walter Gropius after World War 1. The school aimed to combine art, craftsmanship and technology, and taught subjects like woodworking, metalwork, weaving and architecture. Key principles were form following function, simplicity and functionality. Major contributors included László Moholy-Nagy, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Marcel Breuer. Iconic Bauhaus designs include the Wassily Chair, Bauhaus Lamp and Barcelona Chair. The school had a significant influence on modern architecture, art and design.
Missão artística francesa 3
A Missão Artística Francesa chegou ao Brasil em 1816 com o objetivo de fundar uma escola de artes. A missão foi liderada por Joachin Lebreton e incluiu artistas como Nicolas Antoine Taunay e Jean-Baptiste Debret. Sua chegada influenciou fortemente a cultura brasileira, especialmente nas áreas de pintura, arquitetura e escultura.
Neoplasticismo
O movimento artístico Neoplasticismo Holandês surgiu na década de 1910 e foi influenciado pelo Cubismo. Promovia uma arte pura baseada em formas geométricas primárias e cores básicas. Seus principais expoentes foram Piet Mondrian, que desenvolveu composições abstratas com retângulos de cor, e Gerrit Rietveld, que aplicou esses princípios à arquitetura, como na Casa Schröder.
Piet mondrian
Piet Mondrian was a Dutch painter and important contributor to the De Stijl art movement. He evolved a non-representational style called Neo-Plasticism consisting of primary colors and vertical and horizontal black lines on a white ground. Mondrian's early work was representational landscapes but he was influenced by Cubism and abstraction. In Paris from 1911-1914, his work became more geometric and he began using only primary colors, black, white, and rectangles with straight lines. Mondrian further developed his Neo-Plasticist style consisting of grids in Paris from 1919-1938 before moving to London and New York where he created brightly colored abstract compositions until his death in 1944.
Bauhaus & International Style
• Bauhaus wasa school of
design, architecture, and
applied arts that existed in
Germany from 1919 to 1933.
Dadaism
Dadaism originated in Zürich, Switzerland as an art movement that represented frustration with nationalism and conformity after World War 1. It used diverse art forms like sculpture, painting and poetry to promote anti-authoritarian and anti-art ideals. Notable Dadaist artists included Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, and Kurt Schwitters. While controversial, Dadaism had a significant influence on later art movements and styles like Surrealism, Pop Art, and Conceptual art.
Expressionismo jackson pollock
O documento resume a vida e obra do pintor expressionista abstrato Jackson Pollock. O texto descreve a origem do movimento expressionista abstrato nos EUA após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, as principais influências e estilo de pintura de Pollock, caracterizado pelo dripping e movimento corporal. Também analisa duas obras emblemáticas de Pollock, Convergência e Guerra, relacionando-as aos temas da liberdade e destruição respectivamente.
Arte Moderna
O documento descreve as principais correntes artísticas modernas desde o início do século XX, incluindo Expressionismo, Fauvismo, Primitivismo, Cubismo, Simultaneismo, Futurismo, Dadaísmo, Surrealismo, Abstracionismo e Expressionismo Abstrato. Fornece links e imagens que ilustram cada movimento artístico e seus principais artistas como Kandinsky, Matisse, Rousseau, Picasso, Cézanne, Boccioni, Duchamp, Dalí, Pollock.
LOUVRE PYRAMID IN A NUTSHELL
The Louvre Pyramid in Paris, France was designed by architect I.M. Pei in the 1980s. It serves as the main entrance to the sprawling Louvre complex, using a large transparent glass pyramid structure to bring light into the reception area and signify a break from architectural traditions of the past. The pyramid's simple geometric form provides stability while allowing transparency and acts as a beacon drawing many visitors to the famous museum.
Bauhaus
The document discusses the origins and early history of the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany from 1919-1925. It was founded by Walter Gropius as a school to merge art, craft, and technology. Notable early teachers included Johannes Itten, Wassily Kandinsky, and Paul Klee. The school began without an architecture department and focused on a preliminary design course influenced by expressionism under Itten. Political and financial pressures later led to changes in leadership and the school's relocation to Dessau in 1925.
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The Origin Of Bauhaus and its influences on The Foundation Program in Arts Ed...
The Bauhaus was an influential art school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933. It combined crafts and fine arts, and was famous for its approach to design that it publicized and taught. Led initially by Walter Gropius, the school sought to merge art and technology and moved locations in Weimar, Dessau, and Berlin during its existence. The Bauhaus had a significant impact and influenced modern design, education, and art throughout the 20th century.
The bauhaus presentation
The document discusses the Bauhaus school, founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Germany. The Bauhaus aimed to integrate art and craftsmanship and bridge the gap between art and industry. Gropius gathered some of Europe's most respected creative minds as teachers who were immersed in theoretical and practical design. Key principles of Bauhaus included experimentation, honesty of construction, standardized production, and form following function. The document also profiles some of the most popular Bauhaus artists and designers who helped pioneer modern art and design.
11 deutscher werkbund [compatibility mode]
The document discusses several key figures in the German Werkbund movement from 1907-1914 such as Peter Behrens, Walter Gropius, Hermann Muthesius, and Bruno Taut. It lists some of their notable architectural works including Behrens' AEG Turbine Factory in Berlin from 1908-1909, Gropius and Meyer's Fagus Shoe Factory in Alfeld from 1911-1914, and Taut's social housing settlement "Reform" in Magdeburg from 1913. It also mentions works by these figures that were featured at the Cologne Werkbund Exhibition in 1914.
Bauhaus
Bauhaus was an influential art and architecture school in Germany from 1919-1933 that developed an approach to design emphasizing functionality, affordability, and suitability for mass production. The school sought to combine art, craft, and technology by considering machinery and new technology positively and making industrial and product design important aspects of its curriculum. Notable Bauhaus figures included founder Walter Gropius, who wanted to reunite art and craft to produce stylish, contemporary functional products, as well as architects and designers Marcel Breuer and Wassily Kandinsky.
Estilo internacional
Apresentação editada pelo professor Luís Correia Cardoso no âmbito da sua formação profissional para aplicação nas actividades lectivas das disciplinas de design e artes
The arts and crafts movement
refers to the early 19th-century British and American movement to revive handicrafts. The movement was also the inspiration behind the Craftsman and bungalow styles. English reformer William Morris was one of the founders of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the late 1880s.
Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Niemeyer (1907-2012) foi o maior arquiteto brasileiro, responsável pelo planejamento da nova capital Brasília. Projetou diversos prédios emblemáticos no Brasil e no exterior com seu estilo modernista de concreto. Faleceu em dezembro de 2012 aos 104 anos, sendo amplamente reconhecido como um dos maiores representantes da arquitetura moderna.
Art nouveau style
The document provides an overview of Art Nouveau, an international style of decoration and architecture from the late 19th to early 20th century characterized by flowing, sinuous lines depicting leaves and flowers. It discusses key features of Art Nouveau including organic and dynamic forms, curved designs, and avoidance of historical traits. Notable Art Nouveau practitioners and their works are mentioned for Britain, France, Spain, Vienna, and the US. Two examples of Art Nouveau architecture, Casa Mila in Barcelona and Hotel Guimard in Paris, are described in more detail to illustrate the dominant curved lines and arches as well as root-like designs.
Adolf Loos
Adolf Loos was born in 1870 in the Czech Republic to German parents. He attended technical colleges in Austria and Germany in the late 19th century, studying architecture. In the 1890s he traveled extensively in the United States where he was influenced by Louis Sullivan's form-follows-function aesthetic. In 1908 he published his famous essay "Ornament and Crime" criticizing decorative elements in design. Two of his most controversial works were the stark modern Looshaus in Vienna in 1910, which angered the Austrian emperor, and his unornamented entry for the 1922 Chicago Tribune tower competition. His final work, the Villa Müller in Prague completed in 1930, is considered the culmination of his anti-ornamental
Bauhaus presentation
The Bauhaus was an influential art school that operated in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar with the goal of integrating art and technology. The school emphasized functionalist and minimalist design and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. Some notable Bauhaus teachers included Gropius, Hannes Meyer, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Famous Bauhaus designs include the Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer and the Barcelona Chair by Mies van der Rohe.
Bauhaus
The document discusses the origins and principles of the Bauhaus school, which was founded in Germany in 1919 by Walter Gropius after World War 1. The school aimed to combine art, craftsmanship and technology, and taught subjects like woodworking, metalwork, weaving and architecture. Key principles were form following function, simplicity and functionality. Major contributors included László Moholy-Nagy, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Marcel Breuer. Iconic Bauhaus designs include the Wassily Chair, Bauhaus Lamp and Barcelona Chair. The school had a significant influence on modern architecture, art and design.
Missão artística francesa 3
A Missão Artística Francesa chegou ao Brasil em 1816 com o objetivo de fundar uma escola de artes. A missão foi liderada por Joachin Lebreton e incluiu artistas como Nicolas Antoine Taunay e Jean-Baptiste Debret. Sua chegada influenciou fortemente a cultura brasileira, especialmente nas áreas de pintura, arquitetura e escultura.
Neoplasticismo
O movimento artístico Neoplasticismo Holandês surgiu na década de 1910 e foi influenciado pelo Cubismo. Promovia uma arte pura baseada em formas geométricas primárias e cores básicas. Seus principais expoentes foram Piet Mondrian, que desenvolveu composições abstratas com retângulos de cor, e Gerrit Rietveld, que aplicou esses princípios à arquitetura, como na Casa Schröder.
Piet mondrian
Piet Mondrian was a Dutch painter and important contributor to the De Stijl art movement. He evolved a non-representational style called Neo-Plasticism consisting of primary colors and vertical and horizontal black lines on a white ground. Mondrian's early work was representational landscapes but he was influenced by Cubism and abstraction. In Paris from 1911-1914, his work became more geometric and he began using only primary colors, black, white, and rectangles with straight lines. Mondrian further developed his Neo-Plasticist style consisting of grids in Paris from 1919-1938 before moving to London and New York where he created brightly colored abstract compositions until his death in 1944.
Bauhaus & International Style
• Bauhaus wasa school of
design, architecture, and
applied arts that existed in
Germany from 1919 to 1933.
Dadaism
Dadaism originated in Zürich, Switzerland as an art movement that represented frustration with nationalism and conformity after World War 1. It used diverse art forms like sculpture, painting and poetry to promote anti-authoritarian and anti-art ideals. Notable Dadaist artists included Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, and Kurt Schwitters. While controversial, Dadaism had a significant influence on later art movements and styles like Surrealism, Pop Art, and Conceptual art.
Expressionismo jackson pollock
O documento resume a vida e obra do pintor expressionista abstrato Jackson Pollock. O texto descreve a origem do movimento expressionista abstrato nos EUA após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, as principais influências e estilo de pintura de Pollock, caracterizado pelo dripping e movimento corporal. Também analisa duas obras emblemáticas de Pollock, Convergência e Guerra, relacionando-as aos temas da liberdade e destruição respectivamente.
Arte Moderna
O documento descreve as principais correntes artísticas modernas desde o início do século XX, incluindo Expressionismo, Fauvismo, Primitivismo, Cubismo, Simultaneismo, Futurismo, Dadaísmo, Surrealismo, Abstracionismo e Expressionismo Abstrato. Fornece links e imagens que ilustram cada movimento artístico e seus principais artistas como Kandinsky, Matisse, Rousseau, Picasso, Cézanne, Boccioni, Duchamp, Dalí, Pollock.
LOUVRE PYRAMID IN A NUTSHELL
The Louvre Pyramid in Paris, France was designed by architect I.M. Pei in the 1980s. It serves as the main entrance to the sprawling Louvre complex, using a large transparent glass pyramid structure to bring light into the reception area and signify a break from architectural traditions of the past. The pyramid's simple geometric form provides stability while allowing transparency and acts as a beacon drawing many visitors to the famous museum.
Bauhaus
The document discusses the origins and early history of the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany from 1919-1925. It was founded by Walter Gropius as a school to merge art, craft, and technology. Notable early teachers included Johannes Itten, Wassily Kandinsky, and Paul Klee. The school began without an architecture department and focused on a preliminary design course influenced by expressionism under Itten. Political and financial pressures later led to changes in leadership and the school's relocation to Dessau in 1925.
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마르셀 브로이어 Ppt
- 2. 프로필 사상 및 철학 제품 건축 평가
- 3. 마르셀 브로이어(Marcel Lajos Breuer) 출생 사망 1902.5.21 ~ 1981.7.1 출생지 헝가리 페치 국적 미국 직업 건축가, 가구 디자이너 활동분야 건축 작품 그림을 넣어주세요 로테르담 베엔코프 백화점(1953~1957) 파리 유네스코 본부(1953~1957) 미네소타 주 칼리지 빌딩 세인트 굿 성당 (1953~1961) 프랑스 라고드 IBM 연구소(1960~1962) 뉴욕 휘트니 미술관(1964~1966)
- 4. 철학:저렴 안락 아름답고 실용적인 가구
- 5. 바실리 의자(Wassily Chair)는 마르 셀 브로이어(Marcel Breuer)의 대표 적인 의자이입니다. 1925년에 디자인된 것이지만 지금 도 생산되고 바실리 의자는 마르셀 브로이어(Marcel Breuer)의 친구인 칸딘스키를 위해 만들어진 것입니 다. 최초로 크롬강관과 가죽을 이용해 만들어진 것으로, 금속 소재가 지닌 차거움이 신체에 직접 닿을 경우 느 끼는 불편함을 없애기 위해, 좌판과 등받이, 팔걸이 등 신체에 접촉되는 부분을 가죽으로 만들었습니다. 크롬 강관에 가죽을 팽팽하게 연결 시켜 만들어진 본체는 신체의 움직 임을 자유롭게 할 뿐 아니라 금속과 가죽의 탄성을 전달하며 편안함과 즐거움을 주는 의자이니다.
- 7. 휘트니 미술관 브로이어는 1935년부터 1937년까지 런던에서 요크와 함께 공동으로 건축했으며, 바우하우스의 교육을 받아 근대 건축의 선도자의 한사람으 로 우뚝 선 그는 미국으로 건너와 1937년부터 1941년까지 윌터 그로피 우스와 함께 많은 작품활동을 그림을 하면서 넣어주세요 바우하우스의 정신을 전파하였 고, 하버드에서의 강의등으로 필립존슨 등 많은 후학들을 길러낸 교육 자로도 미국건축계에 그 위치를 확고히 하였다. 1946년 하버드 대학교 를 떠나 뉴욕에 사무실을 오픈하고 네르비(Pier Luigi Nervi),제퍼스(Bern ard Zehrfuss)와 함께 파리의 유네스코 본부 건물을 작업하고, 뉴욕의 아메리칸 아트 휘트니 미술관을 디자인하였다.
- 8. 미국에 위치 주택 물관이나 수도원, 백화점등 큰 프로젝트를 여 럿 하기는 했으나, 그는 대체로 작은 규모의 건축물에서 유명하게 인정받았었다. 또한, 그 는 많은 그림을 젊은 건축가들과 넣어주세요 함께 작업하는 일이 많았는데, 미국의 주택작품에서는 H. Beckhar d 의 도움을 많이 받았고, 그는 브로이어를 아 ೦痴稚낮೦ 따랐다 한다. 그는 젊은 건축학도 들의 영감을 고취시키는데 뛰어난 능력이 있 었다고 하버드의 졸업생들은 회고한다.
- 9. 마르셀 브로이어(Marcel Lajos Breuer) 그러나 오로지 경제적 생산합리성과 효율성만을 중시하게 되면서 기계 로 만들어진 값싸고 조악한 생산품들이 범람했다. 이러한 시기에 토네 트(M Thonet)는 수공업적인 정교함을 새로운 산업생산기술에 접목시켜 혁신적이고도 단순한 형태의 의자를 생산하는 데 성공했다. 그러나 재료와 형태 그리고 생산 및 사용방식 모든 면에서 현대 산업시 대에 맞는 새로운 의자는 브로이어(M Breuer)에 의해 시작되었다고 해 도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 특히 모홀리나기(L 볼셰비키 미술혁명운동에 영향을 받아 나무, 은, 점 토 등과 같은 수공예적인 재료를 버리고 스틸파이프, 합판, 산업유리 등 으로 산업생산이 가능한 디자인을 내놓았다. 거기에서 스틸파이프로 가구제작의 가능성을 실험하였던 브로이어는 1 925년 마이스터가 되면서 첫 번째 스틸파이프로 된 의자 토네트 B3번을 개발하였다. 이 의자는 바우 하우스의 교수이자 화가인 바실리 칸딘스 키(Wassily Kandinsky)에게 선사한 의자라 하여 일명‘바실리 체어(Was sily Chair)’로 불리기도 한다. 그 후 토네트 가구회사와 산학협동을 통해 일련의 스틸파이프 의자를 개발하였는데, 그 중에서도 B32·34와 B64는 가장 적은 생산비용을 들이면서도 최소의 무게, 최대의 기능성을 지닌 스틸파이프 의자의 전형으로 꼽힌다. 이 스틸파이프 의자들은 1920년대 와 30년대 서구사회에서 진보의 상징으로 여겨졌지만, 당시에는 소수 엘리트들 외에는 받아들이기 어려운 너무 급진적인 형태였다. 그러나 오늘날에는 서구의 현대문화를 대변하는 미적 기준이 되었고, 심지어 현대를 대표하는 미술품이자 가구로서 널리 인정 받아 꾸준히 대량생산 되고 있다. 그림을 넣어주세요 인간적 경제적 혁신적