Blake Lapthorn Green Breakfast with guest speaker Philip Wolfe, Director of W...Blake Morgan
Blake Lapthorn welcomed Philip Wolfe, Director of Westmill Solar Co-operative and Nicola McConville, Partner, Blake Lapthorn to its Oxford Green Breakfast on 7 November 2012.
Blake Lapthorn Green Breakfast with guest speaker Philip Wolfe, Director of W...Blake Morgan
Blake Lapthorn welcomed Philip Wolfe, Director of Westmill Solar Co-operative and Nicola McConville, Partner, Blake Lapthorn to its Oxford Green Breakfast on 7 November 2012.
How to Save a Planet - On a Budget: Cleantech, the Venture Capital Climate, a...Social Media Today
How to Save a Planet - On a Budget
from The Energy Collective & Sustainable Cities Collective
Hour 3: Cleantech, the Venture Capital Climate, and Policy
In these challenging times, the right support can make all the difference between success and failure. So this issue,we’ve chosen to feature some ideas you may find helpful.
20120917 public consultation_doc-sev1_awiDonald Jones
Presentation provided by AEE Renewables during a presentation held at South Marston Village Hall on 21 Nov 2012 regarding the Sevor Farm Solar installation
Impact of financial incentives on CSP plant economics [CSTP 2009]Smithers Apex
- Review of key current CSP financial incentives and their stability going forward
- Demonstration/case study of how incentives impact a CSP plant’s levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)
Jay Paidipati, Managing Consultant, NAVIGANT
Solar Project Finance: Turning Sunlight Into Green Rick Borry
Learn more at: http://www.principalsolarinstitute.org/webinar/566
How do you pay for large-scale solar power plants when you need millions to start building, but receive payout over decades? Serious solar energy finance professionals will want to hear structured asset finance and valuation expert Ken Kramer present and answer questions about renewable energy project financing concepts applicable to utility scale solar projects, with a focus on US projects utilizing tax-oriented financing structures.
Ken will describe the mechanics and market participants involved in non-recourse project financing. He will also review currently available US Federal tax benefits for renewable energy projects and tax-efficient transaction structures that have evolved to utilize those benefits. Valuation issues associated with these structures will also be covered.
Students at Cornell and Columbia have recently had the opportunity to hear Ken lecture on this topic. This FREE webinar is your chance to do the same, plus attend the LIVE webinar to find out how to employ these concepts in your 2013 business strategy when Ken answers your questions during a LIVE Q & A segment following his presentation.
CT Self Storage Association Energy Summit presentationAdam Ramli
The panel of energy experts will cover everything from financing and rebates to installation and operations. Registration includes program and lunch. Fees are $45 for CT, MA, ME, and NH members. Nonmember rate is $60
How to Save a Planet - On a Budget: Cleantech, the Venture Capital Climate, a...Social Media Today
How to Save a Planet - On a Budget
from The Energy Collective & Sustainable Cities Collective
Hour 3: Cleantech, the Venture Capital Climate, and Policy
In these challenging times, the right support can make all the difference between success and failure. So this issue,we’ve chosen to feature some ideas you may find helpful.
20120917 public consultation_doc-sev1_awiDonald Jones
Presentation provided by AEE Renewables during a presentation held at South Marston Village Hall on 21 Nov 2012 regarding the Sevor Farm Solar installation
Impact of financial incentives on CSP plant economics [CSTP 2009]Smithers Apex
- Review of key current CSP financial incentives and their stability going forward
- Demonstration/case study of how incentives impact a CSP plant’s levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)
Jay Paidipati, Managing Consultant, NAVIGANT
Solar Project Finance: Turning Sunlight Into Green Rick Borry
Learn more at: http://www.principalsolarinstitute.org/webinar/566
How do you pay for large-scale solar power plants when you need millions to start building, but receive payout over decades? Serious solar energy finance professionals will want to hear structured asset finance and valuation expert Ken Kramer present and answer questions about renewable energy project financing concepts applicable to utility scale solar projects, with a focus on US projects utilizing tax-oriented financing structures.
Ken will describe the mechanics and market participants involved in non-recourse project financing. He will also review currently available US Federal tax benefits for renewable energy projects and tax-efficient transaction structures that have evolved to utilize those benefits. Valuation issues associated with these structures will also be covered.
Students at Cornell and Columbia have recently had the opportunity to hear Ken lecture on this topic. This FREE webinar is your chance to do the same, plus attend the LIVE webinar to find out how to employ these concepts in your 2013 business strategy when Ken answers your questions during a LIVE Q & A segment following his presentation.
CT Self Storage Association Energy Summit presentationAdam Ramli
The panel of energy experts will cover everything from financing and rebates to installation and operations. Registration includes program and lunch. Fees are $45 for CT, MA, ME, and NH members. Nonmember rate is $60
Solar PV Valuation -Valley Green Bldg Conf 06 23 -2011James Finlay
Appraising building mounted solar PV [photo voltaic] systems presents challenges as this feature is still an uncommon feature. However a significant body of research and practical experience exists such that a reasonable valuation can be reached. No new or "creative" appraisal process is required. This presentation examines the fundamental research and value techniques and addresses what property owners and appraisers should consider when considering the value of a solar PV system.
Debt review presentation qecb-power saver, march 2012HarcourtBrownEF
Matthew H. Brown presented to the Salt Lake County Debt Review Committee about a structural option for using Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds, the proceeds of which would be used to fund energy efficiency loans supported by a Title 1 PowerSaver loan insurance project. The Debt Review Committee sent the proposal on to the County Council with a positive recommendation, subject to a review of certain alternatives.
Solar Power - Sustainable energy solutions for your homenpower_pdf
npower is at the forefront of developing new technologies and we see Solar Photovoltaic (Solar PV) as an important and increasingly popular way for homeowners to generate their own electricity.
November 21, 2013 | Next Steps: Financing solar for your business | Victor Ro...Fresh Energy
For many businesses and property owners, the high upfront cost of solar photovoltaic systems remains the single largest barrier to adoption. The solution? Solar financing. Fresh Energy’s solar financing event, the final installment of a three-part Solar Opportunities Series, will introduce participants to the range of current and emerging solar-financing options available in Minnesota. Learn more at fresh-energy.org/solarseries.
EmberClear BAML Global Energy Conference 2012emberclear
Albert Lin, Chief Executive Officer of EmberClear, presented at the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 2012 Global Energy Conference on Tuesday November 13, 2012 at the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami, FL.
The 2012 Global Energy Conference is an interactive and highly productive gathering of industry leaders and top institutional investors. Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s Energy Research team will host senior leaders from more than 80 companies from the US and abroad representing a cross-section of subsectors and investment opportunities.
For more information please visit www.emberclear.com
Paer presentation for rooftop solar solutionJanak Shah
How
is
this
Different
from
Wheeling
Solar
Power?
§ The
solar
plant
is
collocated
at
your
premises
and
therefore
it
is
in
your
control
§ There
is
no
government
policy
risk
associated
with
the
installa8on
throughout
the
life
of
the
installa8on
§ The
8me-‐to-‐installa8on
is
very
short
as
compared
to
wheeling
permissions,
etc.
§ Does
not
involved
any
wheeling
charges
or
cross-‐subsidy
charges
and
therefore
100%
benefit
can
be
availed,
quickly
§ Poten8al
to
get
30%
MNRE
subsidy
as
it
is
up
to
100KWp
commercial
installa8on
which
further
increases
the
returns
§ Wheeling,
etc.
requires
a
minimum
of
1MWp
installa8on
which
increases
the
risk
associated
with
the
investment
due
to
various
external
factors
Includes PEV best practices from various cities and states from Canada, the US and California. Also includes the results of the PEV readiness survey given to regional municipal staff.
The San Joaquin Valley PEV readiness assessment is designed to enhance local PEV planning efforts by evaluating the current state of PEV readiness and identifying potential areas of improvement as well as tangible best practices developed throughout the San Joaquin Valley, California and abroad.
Includes PEV best practices from various cities and states from Canada, the US and California. Also includes the results of the PEV readiness survey given to regional municipal staff.
Matthew Porrecca, Associate Principal, BNIM Architecture
Revitalizing Communities By Design
Regenerative design and development could be incredibly simple. It merely requires taking time in a place to uncover stories, discover patterns, find essence, and then add value in any way that improves the capacity of a place to be whole, vital and evolving. Together with our clients and collaborators, we are taking steps to maximize social health, invigorate a sustainable economy and restore natural systems. This workshop explores essential questions that hold the keys to a broad-based shift toward regenerative practice. We’ll share our observations, process, projects, and metrics while drawing participants into a rich dialog of discovery.
Howard Blackson - Placemakers, LLC
In the 20th century, we have spent a lot of money and resources to build cultural wastelands that adversely affects our quality-of-life. With the demise of redevelopment in California, in conjunction with the demonization of Smart Growth, the future relevancy of these places rests upon our ability repurpose these miles and miles of regrettable and devalued strip centers, office parks, and housing tracks. Unfortunately, most citizens oppose any new development due to its potential conflict with their existing community character. Applying an urban design technique that purposely codes for a specific community character, this presentation will outline 21st century urban design tools to build towards walkable, mixed-use neighborhood centers.
With 20 plus years of professional urban design experience, Howard is the Director of Planning for PlaceMakers, LLC, a new economy company of seven (7) principals located across the United States and Canada. Howard has designed and managed a variety of projects both internationally and in the United States having worked in Asia, Europe and North America. He holds a Master degree in Urban Design from the University of Westminster, London, and a Bachelor degree in Geography from the University of Texas at Austin. Howard is an Accredited Member of the Congress for the New Urbanism and is a member of the U.S. General Services Administration Design Excellence Peer Review Committee. He is an adjunct lecturer at San Diego’s NewSchool of Architecture and Design and on the faculty of University of California San Diego Urban Studies Program.
Kaid Benfield, Dir. Sustainable Communities - NRDC
Kaid will discuss the opportunities and advantages of creating a sustainable energy future.We once thought of cities as the antithesis of sustainability - but we now know that cities can be the solution to, not the cause of, our environmental threats. To take advantage of the opportunities before us in an increasingly urban society, we must be thoughtful, shaping our metropolitan regions to reduce our environmental footprint while creating beautiful, green, inclusive neighborhoods within them. As people concerned about the health and future of the planet, we must approach this task with energy and humility, paying every bit as much attention to nurturing great people habit as we do to conserving the habitats of other species.
Michelle Kaufmann will talk about a quest for simplicity as a core component to a mission of making thoughtful, sustainable design accessible.
She will talk about her work in prefabrication, design-build, green homes and sustainable communities. Rethinking not only what we make and how we make it, but also redesigning the design process itself is key to the future of architecture and sustainability. Innovations in this category are abundant and exciting, and with strategic focus can help us all to have more quality, less clutter and simpler lives.
The upcoming 2013 Title-24 Building Efficiency Standards were approved by the California Energy Commission on May 9, 2012. The new Title-24 energy code incorporates significant changes that will affect architects, builders, contractors, energy consultants, and solar PV installers. This class will review the upcoming changes to the energy code and the impact on building design along with compliance strategies that will allow you to comply with the new, stricter energy code cost effectively.
Mark Madison is a Certified Energy Plans Examiner, Certified Energy Analyst, HERS rater, and serves on the board of directors of the California Association of Building Energy Analysts (CABEC).
We will discuss some strategies for incorporating water harvesting into sustainable landscaping, using example projects to illustrate our points. We will focus on residential systems for outdoor usage but will also touch on commercial applications and non-potable indoor use.
Many building owners have the desire to upgrade their commercial
properties, but in the current state of the economy they are at a loss as to how to financial such upgrades. The presentation will also review current trends in rebates, public sector financing and private sector financing that make such upgrades possible.
Target Audience:
I think the target audience for this presentation will be building industry
professionals, developers, building owners, property managers and
commercial real estate brokers, as well as educators from real estate
development programs such as San Diego State’s.
How the people of a small town on the cross road to the silk road in Persia used micro-climate and their local materials to create energy-efficient buildings.
- Assess how they have used sun, wind and water
- Passive solar design
- Landscape and thermal mass to transform a harsh natural environment into comfortable spaces
- Evaluate innovative uses of local material in their buildings
- Santa Fe architecture and similarities to Persian architecture
- Observe the use of these techniques in modern architecture
Storm windows, insulating shades, sash replacements, awnings - The good news is that we have so many ways to improve the performance of our windows. The bad news is...there are so many ways to improve the performance of our windows! How in the world can we objectively compare them on price, thermal performance, ease of installation, ease of use, solar control, privacy, and durability?
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories and BuildingGreen are working on simple and easy-to-use resources for selecting window retrofit options. With input on climate, existing window attributes, and performance priorities, anyone can cut through the difficulties of deciding how to improve the overall performance of existing windows.
Using resources from www.windowattachments.org, webinar participants will work through window attachment selection scenarios with the instructor and learn how to use these resources with their clients and on their own projects.
The new 2008 Title-24 Building Efficiency Standards became effective January 1, 2010. One of the most sweeping changes involve residential indoor and outdoor lighting requirements, particularly kitchen lighting and the new adoption of ASHRAE 62.2 indoor air quality code.
Kitchen Lighting, Title-24
New restrictions, control requirements, high efficacy fixture requirements and incandescent allowances, and interior lighting worksheets will add an additional layer of complexity to residential lighting design. This class will bring you up to speed on the new changes and address the underlying principles, calculation methods, strategies to assist you in complying with the new code changes and take you step by step thru the new CF-6R-LTG-1 lighting certificate of installation which must be filled out before the final certificate of occupancy will be issued.
Kitchen Lighting, Title-24
You will also understand which fixtures will comply as high efficacy (not all LED fixtures are certified as high efficacy), the lighting control requirements for each room type and the new fixture and control requirements for residential outdoor lighting.
Title-24, Title-24
California has now adopted the requirements of ASHRAE 62.2-2007 which means that starting January 1, 2010, all low-rise residential buildings are required to install whole house mechanical ventilation and satisfy other requirements to achieve acceptable indoor air quality. Openable windows will no longer be an acceptable method for satisfying outdoor air requirements. This will involve calculations for determining the minimum ventilation cfm and designing a system to provide the necessary airflow with proper controls. You will learn the proper method for determining ventilation airflow, strategies for designing a cost effective ventilation system, and how to fill out the new ventilation Certificate of Installation.
Kitchen Lighting, Title-24
Learn from one of the leading experts in California’s Title-24 Building Efficiency Standards (Title-24), Mark Madison, a state certified Energy Plans Examiner and Certified Energy Analyst, HERS rater, Greenpoint rater with over 25 years experience with building energy code compliance analysis, enforcement and training.
Learn why sustainable real estate has become such a popular choice for individual and institutional investors. See what's driving the market and learn how you can leverage this opportunity in your business.
This beginning level seminar is designed for non-residential building owners/managers/consultants and real estate professionals who want to track and understand their building’s energy usage using a free online tool called ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. Learn how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) benchmarking tool can guide investment priorities, identify under-performing buildings, verify energy-efficiency improvements, and how buildings can receive EPA recognition for superior energy performance. Portfolio Manager can also be used to comply with the California State law that requires disclosure of a building’s energy benchmarking score at the time of sale, lease, or refinancing.
Alice Liddell is a Senior Associate with ICF International. Ms. Liddell has twelve years of experience in energy efficiency as well as energy and environmental policy. Ms. Liddell provides support to utilities throughout the west for many EPA ENERGY STAR® programs, including lighting, commercial food service, consumer electronics, and the commercial and industrial building sector programs. In addition, Alice provides training for EPA’s ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. Stellar
Energy
GP,
Inc.
1500
Valley
House
Drive,
Suite
210
Rohnert
Park,
CA
94928
Overview
of
Solar
Power
Purchase
Agreements
(PPAs)
Presented
by
MaO
Lugar,
Vice
President
of
Sales,
Stellar
Energy
for
the
Center
for
Sustainable
Energy
May
10,
2010
1
2. Agenda
• Introduc*on
• A
brief
history
of
Renewable
Energy
(RE)
Finance
• Financial
structures
available
for
solar
projects
• Focus
on
Power
Purchase
Agreements
(PPAs)
– Opportunity
/
Host
Qualifica*on
– PPA
General
Terms
and
“Anatomy”
of
the
PPA
– The
“Value
of
Solar
Energy”
– Solar
PPAs
versus
“The
Grid”
– Financial
Analysis
2
3. About
Stellar
Energy
General
IntroducQon
• Founded
in
2004
• Top
15
EPC
provider
in
2008
and
2009
on
California
Solar
Ini*a*ve
• Headquartered
in
Rohnert
Park,
(CSI)
list
California
• Acquired
by
ITOCHU
Interna*onal
in
• EPC
contractor
(Engineering,
2009,
a
Global
500
company
with
over
$36
billion
in
revenues
Procurement,
Construc*on),
licensed
in
mul*ple
states
• Specializing
in
commercial
and
u*lity
grade
solar
energy
plants
• Clients
include
municipal,
agriculture,
manufacturing,
mining
and
commercial
opera*ons
• In
2008,
completed
the
largest
solar
installa*on
on
a
winery
in
the
U.S.
for
Foster’s
Wine
Estates
Americas
3
4. IntroducQon
What
can
solar
energy
do
for
organizaQons?
• Save
money
o Solar
energy
offsets
more
expensive
u*lity
rates
during
peak
hours
of
the
day…
net
metering
credits
• Hedge
energy
costs
o The
“fuel”
from
sunlight
is
free
unlike
tradi*onal
fuels
such
as
coal,
natural
gas
and
nuclear…
opera*ng
costs
do
not
fluctuate
over
*me
• Predictable
opera*ng
costs
o You
know
what
you
are
paying
for
your
solar
energy
kWh
from
day
one
through
the
life
of
the
system…
easier
for
budget
planning
• Improve
corporate
“green”
or
sustainable
image
o The
“green
revolu*on”
is
real
o Huge
marke*ng
dollars
are
being
spent
by
organiza*ons
going
“green”
o Solar
allows
you
to
be
“green”
and
save
“green”
at
the
same
*me
4
5. Brief
History
of
RE
Finance
Timeline
• 2000
–
Solar
incen*ves
become
prolific
in
CA
and
some
other
states
soon
to
follow
• 2000
to
2003
–
Solar
projects
s*ll
rela*vely
small
but
growing…
banks
become
more
interested
as
project
size
increases
with
aggressive
developers
• 2004
–
Launch
of
the
early
“giants”
of
solar
PPAs
who
pioneered
the
model
with
both
customers
and
the
banks
behind
the
transac*ons
• 2007
–
Wave
of
venture
backed
solar
financing
start-‐ups
hits
the
US
• 2007
to
2008
–
Hyper-‐compe**on
is
rampant…
many
un-‐bankable
deals
• 2009
–
Global
financial
crisis
sends
large
commercial
solar
project
financing
into
a
tailspin…
weathering
the
storm
is
difficult
• 2010
–
Financial
markets
are
sojening
again,
and
PPAs
and
leases
return
to
the
forefront
of
commercial
solar
PV
systems
• Beyond
2010
–
Projects
will
con*nue
to
get
larger…
wholesale
PPAs
(provider
direct
to
u*lity)
will
become
more
common…
more
strict
credit
constraints
for
DG
hosts
5
6. Brief
History
of
RE
Finance
Global
Asset
Financing
for
New
Clean
Energy
Assets
($B)
8. Financial
Structures
Available
for
Solar
Primary
Types
of
Financial
Structures
• Capital
Purchase
(Cash)
o Use
your
corporate
liquid
capital
or
loans
(on
balance
sheet)
to
install
solar
o You
own
and
operate/maintain
(O&M)
the
power
plant
o Financial
analysis
centered
around
IRR
and
ROI
calcula*ons
• Power
Purchase
Agreement
(PPA)
o Third
party
owns
and
operates/maintains
(O&M)
the
solar
power
plant
–
zero
capital
outlay
for
your
organiza*on
o You
buy
only
kilowao-‐hours
(kWh),
similar
to
how
you
buy
energy
from
your
electric
u*lity
o Financial
analysis
is
centered
around
cash
flows
and
determina*on
of
immediate
savings
poten*al
• Lease
(Opera*ng
Leases
or
“Off
Balance
Sheet”)
o Third
party
owns
the
power
plant,
but
you
are
typically
responsible
for
O&M
–
zero
capital
outlay,
typically
off
balance
sheet
opera*ng
leases
o Typically
you
pay
a
fixed
monthly
fee
(not
*ed
to
kWh
produc*on)
for
term
of
contract
(~10
years)
o Financial
analysis
is
centered
around
cash
flows
and
determina*on
of
immediate
savings
poten*al
8
9. Financial
Structures
Available
for
Solar
End
User
Comparison
of
Financial
Structures
CharacterisQcs
Capital
Purchase
(Cash)
PPA
Lease
Upfront
Capital
Requirement
Yes
No
No
System
Performance
Risk
Yes
–
The
owner
is
responsible
if
the
No
–
PPA
provider
has
ongoing
Yes
–
The
lessee
/
host
is
system
does
not
perform
responsibility
to
ensure
the
system
responsible
if
the
system
does
not
con*nues
to
operate
as
required
perform
Ongoing
Payments
Fixed
monthly
fee
if
financed
through
a
Ongoing
payments
*ed
to
electricity
Fixed
monthly
fee
-‐
the
lessee
loan
produced
by
the
facility
bears
the
increased
cost
of
electricity
in
a
poor
solar
month
OpQmize
Tax
Benefits
No
–
Owner
may
not
get
full
benefit
if
Yes
Yes
unable
to
reduce
taxable
income
or
if
government
or
not-‐for
profit
Ongoing
Cost
Opera*ons,
maintenance
and
insurance
No
Opera*ons,
maintenance
and
costs
insurance
costs
Guarantees/Liens
Required
Probably
if
financed
No
(assuming
host
has
sufficient
Probably
credit
ra*ng)
Length
of
Contract
N/A
20
–
25
years
7
–
10
years
Buyout
price
at
the
end
of
contract
N/A
Fair
Market
Value
Fair
Market
Value
Early
Buyout
N/A
Yes
–
ajer
year
7
Yes
–
ajer
year
7
OpQon
to
renew
N/A
Yes
No
9
10. Customer
QualificaQon
ConsideraQons
for
All
Medium
to
Large
Scale
Solar
Projects
Includes,
but
not
limited
to:
• Geographic
loca*on…
financial
incen*ves
cri*cal
• Poten*al
customer
must
have
enough
physical
space
(roof/
ground/other)
to
accommodate
enough
PV
for
their
historical
electrical
load
www.dsireusa.org
• If
Capital
Purchase,
does
the
poten*al
customer
have
enough
tax
appe*te
to
mone*ze
the
ITC
(if
installa*on
begins
ajer
2010)?
PPAs
(and
most
leases)
• Must
have
3
years
of
audited
financial
statements
available
for
review…
non-‐starter
if
statements
are
not
audited
• Should
have
about
4
to
5
*mes
the
EPC
value
of
the
solar
project
in
their
Current
Assets,
less
inventories,
on
their
audited
financial
statements
(not
in
Total
Assets)
• Should
have
Current
Assets
greater
than
Total
Liabili*es
(eg.
a
“strong”
Current
Ra*o
greater
than
1).
The
higher
the
Current
Ra*o,
the
beoer.
• S&P
ra*ng
of
BBB-‐
or
beoer,
if
available
10
11. Focus
on
PPAs
Value
ProposiQon
for
the
Solar
PPA
• Providers’
primary
goal
is
to
deliver
solar
electricity
at
rates
lower
than
the
incumbent
u*lity
• Solar
PPA
provider
and
EPC
contractor,
together,
handle
all
details
for
the
host
customer
– Design
and
engineering
– Construc*on
and
maintenance
– Financing
and
RECs
– Rebates
and
incen*ves
– Energy
metering
and
billing
• Predictable
electricity
rates
guaranteed
for
life
of
contract
• LEED
points,
if
applicable
11
12. Focus
on
PPAs
Standard
PPA
Terms
Solar
PPA
provider
typically
proposes
20
year
PPA
terms…
15
or
25
years
some*mes
possible,
depending
on
source
of
funds
Early
purchase
or
buyout
op*ons
typically
star*ng
at
7th
anniversary
of
commercial
opera*on
of
facility
Banks/investors
need
about
6
years
to
mone*ze
all
incen*ves
Greater
of
Fair
market
Value
(FMV)
or
terminal
value
Fixed
Annual
Escalator
(eg.
4.5%
per
year)
or
7th
Year
“Step”
End-‐of-‐term
Op*ons
Renew
the
agreement
for
a
second
term
Purchase
the
system
outright
from
PPA
provider
at
the
Fair
Market
Value
price
Have
the
system
removed
at
PPA
provider’s
expense
12
13. Focus
on
PPAs
Solar
Renewable
Energy
CerQficates
(SRECs)
Also
known
as
Green
tags,
Renewable
Energy
Credits,
Renewable
Electricity
Cer*ficates,
or
Tradable
Renewable
Cer*ficates
(TRCs)
Tradable,
non-‐tangible
energy
commodi*es
in
the
United
States
that
represent
proof
that
1
megawao-‐hour
(MWh)
of
electricity
was
generated
from
an
eligible
renewable
energy
resource
(renewable
electricity)
Can
be
sold,
traded
or
bartered
Owner
of
the
SRECs
can
claim
to
have
purchased
green,
renewable
energy
In
considera*on
of
PPAs,
ownership
of
the
SREC
represents
about
$0.01/kWh
(+/-‐
$0.005/kWh)
on
the
PPA
start
rate
in
CA
SRECs
in
CA
are
much
lower
value
than
in
NJ,
for
example
(eg.
$15
to
$50/SREC
in
CA
vs.
$693+/SREC
in
NJ)
13
14. Focus
on
PPAs
OperaQons
&
Maintenance
/
System
Performance
Monitoring
• PPA
provider
responsible
for
all
O&M
for
en*re
term
of
contract
• If
system
not
opera*ng,
PPA
provider
will
lose
revenue
expected…
huge
mo*va*on
to
keep
system
opera*ng
at
peak
performance
• Typical
O&M
services:
• Panel
cleanings
(with
or
without
water)…
2x
per
year
in
most
parts
of
CA
• Torque
sewngs
in
inverter
and
combiner
boxes
• Security
• PPA
providers
use
same
performance
monitoring
equipment
as
specified
when
customer
purchasing
with
cash
/
capital,
such
as:
• Energy
Recommerce
• Fat
Spaniel
• Draker
Labs
14
15. Anatomy
of
the
PPA
View
from
PPA
Provider
Parent
Company
Guarantee
Construc*on
Master
Lease
Financing
Agreement
Agreement
Construc*on
Project
Sale
Insurance Loans
Lease
Backs
Equip.
PPA
Provider
Vendors
Integrated
Design
Engineer
Sub
Contractors Turnkey
EPC
O
&
M
Contracts
PPAs,
Com.
Op.
Construc*on
Contracts
PPAs,
Ini*al
Phase
15
16. Anatomy
of
the
PPA
View
from
Host
Customer
Solar
PPA
contract
16
17. Focus
on
PPAs
Value
of
Solar
kWh
vs.
Average
Cost
of
Energy
• This
is
a
founda*onal
concept
to
understand
• Average
Cost
of
Energy
=
Total
Dollars
Spent
/
Total
kWh
Consumed
• Value
of
Solar
kWh
(a.k.a.
avoided
cost)
=
Factor
of
Time
of
Use
(TOU)
rates
versus
Solar
Array
kWh
Produc*on
and
Net
Metering…
Savings
/
Solar
kWh
Produc*on
• Under
net
metering,
the
u*lity
credits
the
host
customer
for
energy
generated
by
solar
arrays
at
retail
rates
• Because
peak
TOU
rates
are
always
highest
during
the
day,
and
solar
energy
is
produced
during
this
most
expensive
*me
during
the
day,
the
host
realizes
CREDITS
from
the
u*lity
at
their
highest
rates
thus
driving
the
Value
of
Solar
kWh
higher
than
the
Average
Cost
of
Energy
18. Focus
on
PPAs
The
Value
of
Solar
kWh
or
JusQficaQon
of
PPA
Rate
Typical Commercial Load Profile
Solar Array Production Profile
18
19. From
LBNL
report,
“ The
Impact
of
Retail
Rate
Structures
on
the
Economics
of
Commercial
Photovoltaic
Systems
in
California”,
July
2007
20. Focus
on
PPAs
JusQficaQon
of
Annual
Escalator
Average Electricity Price in Key Solar PPA States
(CA, NJ, AZ, PA, CO, NV, MA, CT)
$0.14
$0.12
$0.10
$0.08
$/kWh
$0.06
$0.04
$0.02
$0.00
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
U.S.
Government
Energy
Informa*on
Administra*on,
official
energy
sta*s*cs.
State
energy
consump*on,
price
and
expenditure
es*mates
(SEDS).
Complete
2005
data,
released
February
29,
2008.
hop://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html
20
23. Focus
on
PPAs
Hedging
Against
VolaQlity
Average Price Change
Electricity in Key Solar PPA States
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
Percent Change
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5%
-10%
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
U.S.
Government
Energy
Informa*on
Administra*on,
official
energy
sta*s*cs.
State
energy
consump*on,
price
and
expenditure
es*mates
(SEDS).
Complete
2005
data,
released
February
29,
2008.
hop://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html
23
24. Focus
on
PPAs
Financial
Analysis
–
25
year
term,
fixed
annual
escalator
25. Focus
on
PPAs
Financial
Analysis
–
25
year
term,
7th
year
“step”
escalator
26. Per
Unit
Energy
Cost
Comparison
25
Years,
No
Solar
vs.
With
Solar
28. Thank
you.
Stellar
Energy
has
delivered
safe,
reliable,
clean
energy
to
a
diverse
range
of
businesses
and
ins9tu9ons
including
industrial
complexes,
government
facili9es,
mines,
distribu9on
warehouses,
wineries,
offices,
and
food
processing
facili9es.
MaO
Lugar,
Vice
President
of
Sales
Stellar
Energy
GP,
Inc.
1500
Valley
House
Drive
Suite
210
Rohnert
Park,
California
94928
mao.lugar@stellarenegy.com,
email
(707)
992-‐3208,
direct
work
(650)
833-‐9008,
mobile