This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms used in research. It defines research as a systematic process of investigation to generate or discover knowledge. Some key terms discussed include: research questions, variables, hypotheses, subjects, samples, sampling methods, data, literature review, references, and limitations. Examples are given for research questions, hypotheses involving the relationship between sleep and academic performance. The document also discusses the difference between primary and secondary sources. Overall, the document aims to build understanding of fundamental research concepts and terminology.

4. Direction: Choose the icon if you think the sentence is a
description of research and icon if you think it is not.
1. Research must observe a step-by-step
process.

5. 2. Research must be hurriedly
conducted.

6. 3. The researcher must have the final say in
his or her findings.

7. 4. The student-researcher must read literature
related in the problem he or she is studying.

8. 5. Before you conduct research, you need to
have a clear understanding of the
terminologies or words used in research.

9. Research is important in our daily
lives, let’s value it.

12. Research follows a step-by-
step process of investigation
that uses a standardized
approach in answering
questions or solving
problems. (Polit and Beck,
2004)

13. According to Merriam-
Webster’s Dictionary, it is a
studious inquiry or
examination.

14. Research, in a broad definition, is the
process of collecting and analyzing
data. It is a systematic study to
generate or discover knowledge.

15. Technical Terms used in Research
Research questions Research
Data
Hypothesis Variable Subject
Sample Sampling method
Reference

16. a. Identify technical terms used in research
b. Value the importance of making research

17. Research Question
It is an answerable inquiry into a
specific concern or issue. It defines
what problem or opportunity you’re
looking at and what your research
goals are.

19. Research Data
is any information that has been
collected, observed, generated or
created to validate original
research findings.

20. Hypothesis
a supposition or proposed
explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as starting point
for further investigation.

21. Hypothesis
Singular
Hypotheses
Plural

22. Sample Hypothesis
. Quality of Sleep affects
academic performance

23. Sample Hypothesis
. Quality of Sleep affects
academic performance

24. Variable
a variable in research refers to a
person, place, thing, or
phenomenon that you are trying
to measure in some way.

25. Two types of Variables
Independent Variable – the variable in an
experiment that is changed or
manipulated
Dependent Variable – is the variable that
responds to changes

26. HYPOTHESIS: Quality of sleep affect academic performance
Independent
Variable
Dependent
Variable

27. Subject
It is the individual that
participates in research.
Sometimes, research subjects
are referred to as participants
of the study.

28. Sample
refers to a smaller
version of a larger group
or subset of a larger
population

29. Sampling Method
is a procedure for selecting sample
members from a population. The
three common sampling methods are
random sampling, stratified
sampling and cluster sampling.

31.  Necessity
Sometimes it ‘s
simply not possible
to study the whole
population due to its
size and
inaccessibility .

32.  Cost-Effectiveness
There are fewer
participants,
laboratory,
equipment, and
researchers’ costs
involved.

33.  Manageability
Storing and
running statistical
analyses on
smaller data sets
is easier and
reliable.

34. Method
a way, technique or process of doing
something. In research, methods are
procedures for collecting and
analyzing data. Common methods
are surveys, interviews, observation,
Focus Group Discussions (FGD),
etc.

35. Primary vs. Secondary
Will you collect original data yourself, or
will you use data that has already been
collected by someone else?

36. Primary sources – artifacts, handwritten
letter, diary, audio recording, birth
certificate
1
Secondary sources –
English textbook, encyclopedia, magazine
2

37. Limitations of the study
are potential weaknesses,
restrictions and constraints
within the research design that
may influence the outcomes and
conclusions of the research.

38. ABSTRACT
Summarizes all sections and
helps readers whether or not to
read the entire report.

39. Literature Review
Provides a review of what others
have written or researched on
concerning the topic.

40. REFERENCE
Lists of all the sources used in
research

42. ACTIVITY:
1. The students will write the problems existing in
the school, inside the classroom, or even with your
classmates and show the steps on how will you
solve it.

43. General Instruction:
 The class will be divided into 4 groups
 Choose your leader
 Cooperation is a must
 Each group will be given 10 minutes to answer
 Groups will be graded based on the rubrics
 Proceed to your group without making any noise

45. Let us check,
Which group got the correct answer?
So, based on the rubrics all groups got the
perfect score. Very good.
Clap your hands for a job well done.

46. I. EVALUATION
Match it
Distinguish what research technical terms in column A match to their respective
definition in column B. Write only the letter of your correct answers on your paper.
Column A Column B
1. Subject A. Procedures for collecting or analyzing data
2. Hypothesis B. A subset of larger population
3. Method C. Also called as participant of the study
4. Variable D. A procedure for selecting sample members
5. Sample E. An educational guess
F. A person, place, thing or phenomenon that you are trying
to measure in some way.