Lecture 2. Phonetics for Osher Life-long Learners Course

2. PHONETICSPHONETICS

3. The Beauty of English PhoneticsThe Beauty of English Phonetics•
I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Others may stumble, but not you
On hiccough, thorough, slough, and through.
Well don't! And now you wish, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps.
Beware of heard, a dreadful word
That looks like beard but sounds like bird.
And dead: it's said like bed, not bead,
For goodness sake don't call it deed!
Watch out for meat and great and threat
(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt).
A moth is not a moth as in mother
Nor both as in bother, nor broth as in brother,
And here is not a match for there,
Nor dear and fear, for bear and pear.
And then there's dose and rose and lose--
Just look them up--and goose and choose
And cork and work and card and ward
And font and front and word and sword
And do and go, then thwart and cart,
Come, come! I've hardly made a start.
A dreadful Language? Why man alive!
I learned to talk it when I was five.
And yet to write it, the more I tried,
I hadn't learned it at fifty-five.

4. How to identify sounds?How to identify sounds?

5. International Phonetic AlphabetInternational Phonetic Alphabet
CONSONANT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
[p] stop-plosive consonant, unvoiced as in pet
[b] stop-plosive consonant, voiced as in bet
[t] stop-plosive consonant, unvoiced as in ten
[d] stop-plosive consonant, voiced as in den
[k] stop-plosive consonant, unvoiced as in kit
[g] stop-plosive consonant, voiced as in give
[m] nasal consonant as in me
[n] nasal consonant as in neat
nasal consonant (eng) as in hung
[f] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in feet
[v] fricative consonant, voiced as in vain
[Θ] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in think
fricative consonant, voiced as in then
CONSONANT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
[s] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in sea
[z] fricative consonant, voiced as in zip
fricative consonant, unvoiced (esh) as in she
fricative consonant, voiced as in azure
[h] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in heat
[l] lateral consonant as in lift
[r] glide as in rose
[j] glide (yot) as in yes
[w] glide, voiced as in were
[hw] glide, unvoiced as in when
combination consonant, unvoiced as in chill
combination consonant, voiced as in jet

6. Where Are Sounds Formed?Where Are Sounds Formed?

7. IPA VowelsIPA Vowels

8. ConsonantsConsonants

11. Jacob and Wilhelm GrimmJacob and Wilhelm Grimm
(1785–1863)(1785–1863) (1786–1859)(1786–1859)

12. Grimm’s Law: Why Is It Important?Grimm’s Law: Why Is It Important?

13. Examples of Grimm’s LawExamples of Grimm’s Law
• /p/ in the beginning of Indo-
European words turned into
/f/ in Germanic languages
• /t/ in the beginning of Indo-
European words turned into
/th/ in Germanic languages
• /h/ in the beginning of Indo-
European words turned into
/k/ in Germanic languages
Pur (I/E)- pyr (Latin/Greek)
fire
Pitr (I/E) - pater (L/G) - father
Treyes (I/E) -trios (L/G)-
three
Tonuh (I/E) -tonate (L/G)-
thunder
Korn (I/E) -cornu (L/G) -horn
Kerd (I/E) -cordis (L/G) -heart

14. Phonemes and AllophonesPhonemes and Allophones

15. Phonetics: Where Do We Use It?Phonetics: Where Do We Use It?
Catchwords
Catchwords videos