The document defines and describes various building materials and components used in construction. It provides descriptions and pictures of items like air barrier paper, attic ventilation components, brick bonds, concrete masonry units, doors, electrical components, framing materials, insulation types, plumbing fixtures, roofing materials, siding materials, steep roof components, stone masonry, vapor barriers, waterproofing, welded wire fabric, and window types. Each item includes a brief definition or description of its purpose in construction.

1. Air barrier paper Air barrier paper- What it is- Air barrier paper is the same thing as housewrap. This is nailed to the sheathing on the outside of the house. It is intended to temporarily block the flow of air into the building until the building is finished. Definition- Air barrier paper is defined as any solid material that blocks air flow.

2. Attic ventilation-Soffit vent Attic ventilation Soffit vent- A piece of vented metal placed in between the fascia and the wall of a building. Allows an increased level of ventilation in the attic without permeating the structure. Soffit vent

3. Attic ventilation- Ridge vent Attic ventilation- Ridge vent Attic ventilation Ridge vent- A vent placed on the ridge of a roof above the attic to increase ventilation. Ridge vent

4. Attic ventilation- Gable vent Attic ventilation- Gable vent Attic ventilation Gable vent- A metal rectangle with louvers placed on the outside of the attic exposing it slightly to weathering but provides much needed ventilation to the attic. Gable vent

5. Attic ventilation- Roof turbine Attic ventilation- Roof turbine Attic ventilation Roof Turbine- Usually found on older homes, the roof turbine takes wind energy and, in a short amount of time, cools the attic. Roof turbine

6. Backhoe Backhoe An excavating machine used to cut trenches by drawing a boom-mounted bucket through the ground toward the machine. The bucket is rasied and swung to either side to deposit the excavated material. Has a 24” bucket width.

7. Batter boards Batter boards Pairs of horizontal boards nailed to wood stakes adjoining an excavation. They are used with string to layout elevations and to outline a proposed building.

8. Brick arch Brick arches A Roman brick arch is shown in the picture An arch is defined as a curved or flat structure spanning an opening. The shape and size are limited by the materials used and the support provided.

9. Brick arch- segmental Brick arch Segmental arch- An arch where the curve through the length of the arch is less than a semicircle.

10. Arch with a keystone

11. Brick Centering

12. Brickwork- Rowlock, Header, Soldier Brick Bonds Stretcher Header Soldier Rowlock

13. Brick Bonds Shiner- Decorative, with the longest dimension of the brick horizontal and the widest dimension parallel to the face of the wall. Shiner brick

14. Brick Bonds Sailor brick- Decorative, with the longest dimension of the brick vertical and the widest dimension parallel to the face of the wall.

15. Brick- Stack bond Brick Bonds Brick- Stack bond- Made by placing stretcher bricks exactly on top of each other in multiple courses.

16. Brick- Running bond Brick Bonds Brick- Running bond- the standard brick bond. Made by placing only stretcher bricks half way apart every course.

17. Brick Bonds Garden wall bond- 1 header for every 3 stretchers in the same course. Header bricks

18. Brick- Modular- 3 5/8” x 2 ¼” x 7 5/8” Brick sizes Brick- Modular- 3 5/8” x 2 ¼” x 7 5/8”

19. Brick- Roman- 3 5/8x 11 5/8 x1 5/8 Brick- Roman- 3 5/8x 11 5/8 x1 5/8 Brick sizes Roman Brick- 3 5/8”x 1 5/8” x11 5/8”

20. Bulldozer Bulldozer A Bulldozer is defined as a tractor with a large, blunt blade attached to its front end by hydraulic-controlled arms. It is used to push, shape, or move earth or rock short distances.

21. Cladding- EIFS Cladding EIFS- You can tell that this is an EIFS finish instead of a stucco finish because of the “worm finish”.

22. Cladding Wood siding

23. Cladding- wood shingles Wood shingles Cladding Wood shingles- consistent solid wood pieces used for cladding or roofing. Wood shakes- a wooden shingle that is made from split logs. When these are used for covering the roof, the result is called a shake roof.

24. Cladding stone- random rubble Cladding Stone- large random rubble

25. Code requirements- bedroom window Code requirements- Bedroom window The IBC requires that each bedroom be provided with an egress window with a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet, a minimum width of 20” and a minimum height of 24”. Windows within 44” of the exterior grade may provide 5.0 square feet net clear area. The bottom of the clear opening of any egress window must be 44” maximum above adjacent floor level. Meets Code Window opens more than 90 degrees outward and has a net clear opening of 8.4 sf per window. Width= 29” Height= 42” Sill height=25” Area= 8.4 sf per window

26. !!Code requirements- stair treads and risers Code requirements Stair treads and risers According to IBC, in Group R-2 occupancies the maximum riser height shall be 7.75 inches and the minimum tread depth shall be 10 inches. Meets Code Tread= 10 ½” Riser= 7 ¼”

27. Concrete joints Control joint- A formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure.

28. Concrete joints Isolation joint- A joint positioned as to separate concrete from adjacent surfaces or into individual structural elements which are not in direct contact. In this picture, the driveway slab is being isolated from the garage slab.

29. CMU sizes- 4” and Half block compared to 8” CMU sizes- 4” and Half block compared to 8” Concrete Masonry Unit CMU sizes- 4” x 8” x 16” and Half block 8” x 4” x 16” compared to the standard 8”x 8” x 16” 4” CMU Half Block Standard CMU block

30. CMU 3 courses brick= 1 course CMU Concrete Masonry Unit Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)- hollow blocks mortared together to create a solid wall. Much more efficient than concrete construction. 3 courses brick= 1 course CMU

31. Decorative CMU- split face Decorative CMU Split face block

32. Decorative CMU- ribbed Decorative CMU- Ribbed-face block

33. Decorative CMU- ribbed facr Decorative CMU Ribbed face block

34. Doors- flush- parts Doors Flush door Top rail Bottom rail Lock rail Stiles Panel

35. Door- Double 6 panel Doors Doors Panel doors Top rail Panel Stile Lock rail Bottom rail

36. Doors- Transom Doors Transom- A glazed or solid panel over a door or window, usually hinged and used for ventilation. The transom and bar may by removable for passage of large objects

37. Stained glass sidelight Doors Sidelight- A fixed frame of glass next to a door or window

38. Electrical components- Power pole- transformer Electrical Components Power pole with a transformer. Used to convert a power supply at one voltage to another voltage.

39. Electrical components- Service head Electrical Components Service head The electrical supply line running from the utility pole that delivers power to a customer’s service panel

40. Electrical components- Power meter Electrical components Power meter- A device used for measuring the flow of electric current over a period of time.

41. Electrical components- Service panel Electrical components Service panel- The main circuit breaker panel or fuse box where the service lead ties into the building’s circuits.

42. Electrical components- Duplex receptacle Electrical components Duplex receptacle- Two electrical receptacles housed in the same outlet box The point in an electrical wiring circuit at which the current is supplied to an appliance or a device.

43. Framing- 1.Anchor bolt/ 2. Sill Plate 2. Sill plate Framing Anchor bolt/ Sill Plate 1. Anchor Bolt

44. Framing- 3. Floor joist Framing 3. Floor joist 3. Floor Joist

45. Framing- 4. Subfloor Framing 4. Subfloor 4. Subfloor

46. Framing- 5. Sole plate Framing Sole plate 5. Sole plate

47. Framing- 6. Stud/ 7. Top plate Framing- 6. Stud/ 7. Top plate 7. Top plate 6. Stud Framing- Stud/ top plate

48. Framing- 8. Ceiling joist- Trusses Framing Ceiling joist-Trusses 8. Ceiling joists

49. Framing 9. Rafters 9. Rafters

50. Framing- 10. Roof Decking Roof decking Framing 10. Roof Decking

51. Framing- 11.Sheathing Sheathing Framing 11.Sheathing

52. Framing- 12. Stringer- home depot Framing 12. Stringer- Home Depot and completed stairs Stringer

53. Front end loader Front end loader A machine with a bucket fixed to its fornt end, having a lift-arm assembly that raises and lowers the bucket. Used in earth moving and loading operations and in rehandling stockpiled materials. Unlike the backhoe or the bulldozer, this machine can actually pick up a large amount of dirt and move it rather than push it, like a bulldozer, or move it in small quantities as in the backhoe.

54. Gypsum- taped and mudded Gypsum board Gypsum board is defined as a panel whose gypsum core is paperfaced on each side, and which is used to cover walls and cielings while providing a smooth surface that is easy to finish. Taped and mudded

55. Heat pump- Compressor/ Condensor Heat pump Compressor/ Condensor- Removes heat from the high pressure refrigerant gas and transforms it into a cool liquid. Advantages- simple and easy to install, priced cheaper than other units Disadvantages- Only perform well in mild climates,

56. Heat pump- Air Handling Unit Heat Pump Air handling unit (AHU)- The traditional method of heating, cooling, and ventilating a building by which single or variable speed fans push air over hot or cold coils, then through dampers and ducts and once more into one or more rooms. Air Handling Unit

57. Insulation- Batt insulation Insulation- Any material used to reduce the effects of heat, cold, or sound. Batt insulation- Also called “blanket insulation”, used to facilitate the insulation between joists or studs of a frame construction.

58. Insulation- Loose fill insulation- primarily used in attics… more Insulation- Loose fill insulation Loose fill insulation

59. Insulation- Foam insulation Insulation Foam insulation

60. Insulation- Rigid board Insulation Rigid board

61. Lintel- CMU Concrete Lintel On a CMU wall a lintel used to distribute the weight of the bearing walls to the wall instead of the window.

62. Mortar joint- Concave Mortar 3/8” Concave mortar joint Type of building- brick veneer on a residential house Type of mortar- N (Medium strength mortar, general use above grade)

63. Mortar joint- Raked Mortar 3/8” Raked mortar joint Tooled joint Type of mortar- S (looks like it is a load bearing application) Type of building- Old library

64. OSB Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Used in non-load bearing applications above grade. OSB is mostly used for sheathing and it is not a veneered panel product . OSB board is produced from recycled wood that is chopped up and compressed to make a new board.

65. Plumbing- Lavatory/ water closet Plumbing Lavatory- 1 ½”” drain piping Water closet- 3” drain piping Lavatory Water closet

66. Plumbing- Bathtub installed- no gypsum Plumbing Manufactured bathtub unit installed

67. Plumbing- Plumbing vent Plumbing Plumbing vent (VTR- Vent Through Roof)- Used to get all harmful gasses out of the building.

68. Plumbing- Under mount sink- bathroom 1 ½” Plumbing Under mount sink- bathroom 1 ½” piping

69. Plumbing- Under mount sink- kitchen 1 ½” Plumbing Under mount sink- kitchen 1 ½” piping

70. Plywood/ Veneer Plywood A flat panel made up of a number a sheets of wood. They are used, in most cases, for sheathing walls and roof decking. Plywood is installed in between the trusses and the felt paper. Veneer- Wood peeled, sawn, or sliced into sheets of a given constant thickness and combined with glue to produce plywood. Veneers are laid up with the grain direction of adjoining sheets at right angles to produce plywood of great stiffness and strength.

71. Radiant Barrier Radiant Barrier Radiant barriers inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation. Radiant barriers do not necessarily protect against other methods of heat transfer such as conduction or convection.

72. Rebar Rebar Rebar is placed in concrete to provide tinsel strength. Both rebar and concrete have about the same rate of expansion so they work together well. This is a picture of 2 pieces of #5 rebar, which is 5/8” thick. The purpose of the deformations in the rebar is to provide friction between the rebar and the concrete.

73. Steep Roof Drainage-G utter Steep Roof Drainage Gutter- A shallow channel of wood, metal, or PVC positioned just below and following along the eaves of a building for the purpose of collecting and diverting water from the roof.

74. Steep Roof Drainage- Downspout Steep Roof Drainage Downspout- A vertical pipe used to drain rainwater from the roof either to the ground or to a drainage system

75. Steep Roof Drainage- Splash block Steep Roof Drainage Splash block- A small masonry block set in the ground beneath a rain gutter to receive roof drainage and prevent puddling or soil erosion.

76. Steep Roof Materials- Felt paper 30# Steep Roof Materials Felt paper/ Building paper- a heavy, asphalt impregnated paper used as a lining and/ or vapor barrier between the sheathing and an outside wall covering, or as a lining between rough and finish flooring In this application, 30 pound (#) paper is used.

77. Steep roof materials- Clay tile roof Steep Roof Materials Clay tile roof

78. Steep roof materials- Slate shingles Steep roof materials Slate shingles Shingle-a roof covering unit made of asphalt, wood, slate, or other material cut into stock sizes and applied on sloping roofs in an overlapping pattern.

79. Steep roof materials Metal panel roof Aluminized steel

80. Steep roof shapes Gable roof

81. Steep roof shapes Gambrel roof .

82. Steep roof shapes- Hip Roof Steep roof shapes Hip roof

83. Steep roof shapes Mansard roof

84. Steep roof terms- Valley, Fascia, Eave, Rake fascia valley eave Steep roof terms Valley- The place where two planes of a roof meet at a downward angle. Fascia- A board used on the outside vertical face of a cornice. Eave- Those portions of the roof that project beyond the outside walls of a building. Rake- A board or molding that is placed along the sloping edge of a frame to cover the siding rake

85. Steep roof terms- Roof- no fascia Steep roof terms Metal roof without a fascia- A simple roof configuration with no fascia board attaching the top of the siding with the bottom of the soffit.

86. Stone Random rubble

87. Stone- coursed rubble Stone Coursed rubble

88. Stone Random ashlar

89. Stone- coursed ashlar Stone Coursed ashlar

90. Vapor retarder Vapor Retarder/ Barrier A vapor retarder is used to prevent the moisture vapor entering crawlspace areas. The vapor barrier is usually 6 millimeter polyethylene, or plastic. The sheets are laid in rows over the soil.

91. Waterproofing Waterproofing Any number of materials which prevent the infiltration of water into the building. In this photo, the waterproofing is full adhered.

92. Weep hole Weep Hole

93. Welded wire fabric Welded wire fabric (WWF) A series of longitudinal and transverse wires of various gauges, arranged at right angles to each other and welded at all points of intersection; used for concrete slab reinforcement.

94. Windows- Awning window Windows Awning window- a type of window that is hinged from the top of the window and swings outward

95. Windows- Double hung window Windows Double hung window- a window that has two vertical sliding sashes, one above the other, mounted on separate guides so that either or both can be opened at the same time.

96. Windows Windows Casement window- A window assembly that has at least one casement or vertically hinged sash. In this picture there are two casements.