Posture

1. POSTURE AND BALANCE

2. Motor
Control
Limb
Movement
Postural
Disturbance
Postural
Adjustment
Feedforward
Commands
(planned, learned)
Feedback
Commands
(learned and reflexive)
POSTURAL MECHANISMS

3. Cutaneous and Proprioceptive
Visual
Vestibular
SIGNALS OF POSTURAL DISTURBANCE
S
L
I
M
VPL, Post. N.

4. FEEDFORWARD CONTROLS
• Learned
• Incorporated into motor behaviors
• Improved by practice
• Predicted scaled adjustments of axial
and proximal limb muscles
• Precede and accompany movement

5. FEEDFORWARD CONTROLS

6. VESTIBULAR RETICULAR

8. Motor
Control
Limb
Movement
Postural
Disturbance
Postural
Adjustment
Feedforward
Commands
(planned, learned)
Feedback
Commands
(learned and reflexive)
POSTURAL MECHANISMS

9. FEEDBACK CONTROLS
Signals of Postural Disturbance
• Cutaneous and Proprioceptive
• Vestibular*
• Visual*

10. FEEDBACK CONTROLS
Postural Corrections
• Learned responses
Gradient of correction behavior*
• Reflexive responses
Balancing behavior*
Falling behavior*

11. FEEDBACK CONTROLS
Vestibular and Neck Reflexes Are Subject To The
Context Of The Motor Behavior
REFLEX TARGET MOTOR BEHAVIOR
BALANCING FALLING
Cervico-collic Neck + +
Vestibulo-collic Neck + +
Vestibulo-spinal Body - +
Cervico-spinal Body + -

12. VESTIBULAR RETICULAR