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1. Reading in the Philippines History
Prepared by:
AQUILES RAMOS DEJALDE, PhD.
Associate Professor 1

2. 1. What was the first book printed in the
Philippines using moveable type?
a) "Florante at Laura" by Francisco Balagtas
b) "Noli Me Tangere" by Jose Rizal
c) "Doctrina Christiana" by Juan de Plasencia
d) "El Filibusterismo" by Jose Riza

3. 2. Which Spanish colonial decree mandated the
establishment of schools for Filipinos during the
Spanish period?
a) Ordenanzas de Alfabetización
b) Rizal Law
c) Malolos Constitution
d) Magna Carta for Philippine Education

4. 3. Who is considered the father of Philippine
printing and publishing?
a) Andres Bonifacio
b) Ferdinand Magellan
c) Tomas Pinpin
d) Gregorio del Pilar

5. 4. What was the purpose of the "Kartilya ng Katipunan,"
a publication during the Philippine Revolution?
a) To teach reading and writing to the masses
b) To promote Spanish culture in the Philippines
c) To spread revolutionary ideas and principles
d) To document the history of the Philippines

6. 5. During the American colonial period, which law
established English as the medium of instruction in
schools?
a) Rizal Law
b) Act No. 74
c) Commonwealth Act No. 184
d) Education Act of 1901

7. 6. Who is the author of the novel "Noli Me Tangere,"
which played a significant role in Philippine history?
a) Andres Bonifacio
b) Emilio Aguinaldo
c) Jose Rizal
d) Marcelo H. del Pilar

8. 7. What is the name of the first Philippine
newspaper published in 1811?
a) "El Renacimiento"
b) "La Solidaridad"
c) "La Independencia"
d) "La Esperanza“

9. 8. Who established the "Diaryong Tagalog," one of the
first Tagalog newspapers in the Philippines?
a) Apolinario Mabini
b) Marcelo H. del Pilar
c) Gregorio del Pilar
d) Jose Rizal

10. 9. What is the term used to describe the period of
intense cultural and intellectual exchange between
Filipinos and Americans during the early 20th century?
a) Filipino-American War
b) Commonwealth Period
c) Americanization
d) Philippine Renaissance

11. 10. What historical event marked the end of
Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines?
a) The Battle of Mactan
b) The Treaty of Paris in 1898
c) The Philippine Revolution
d) The Battle of Tirad Pass

12. 11. What is the term for the period in
Philippine history before written records
were kept?
a) Spanish Colonial Period
b) Pre-colonial Period
c) American Colonial Period
d) Modern Era

13. 12. Which ancient group of people is believed to
have inhabited the Philippines around 2500 BCE
and is known for their use of intricate pottery?
a) Austronesians
b) Spaniards
c) Chinese
d) Malays

14. 13. What type of boats did ancient Filipinos
use for trading and navigation throughout
the archipelago?
a) Galleons
b) Karakoa
c) Caravels
d) Canoes

15. 14. The Manunggul Jar, a prehistoric burial
jar, is known for its intricate carvings and is
associated with which ancient practice?
a) Agriculture
b) Pottery-making
c) Boat-building
d) Burial customs

16. 15. Which of the following materials were
used by early Filipinos for making clothing
and textiles?
a) Silk
b) Cotton
c) Wool
d) Polyester

17. 16. What is the term for the indigenous
social and political structure in pre-colonial
Philippines, composed of autonomous
villages or communities?
a) Feudalism
b) Datu system
c) Hacienda
d) Encomienda

18. 17. Which early Filipino ruler is often
associated with resistance against
Spanish colonization in the 16th
century?
a) Rajah Humabon
b) Lapu-Lapu
c) Datu Sikatuna
d) Rajah Soliman

19. 18. The Balangay boats are significant
archaeological finds in the Philippines. What
were these boats primarily used for?
a) Fishing
b) Trade
c) Military expeditions
d) Religious ceremonies

20. 19. In pre-colonial Philippines, who were the
"Babaylan"?
a) Religious leaders and healers
b) Warriors and soldiers
c) Traders and merchants
d) Government officials

21. 20. The "Code of Kalantiaw" is a controversial legal
code attributed to a legendary Datu. What was its
main purpose?
a) To regulate trade
b) To govern social norms
c) To establish a caste system
d) To promote religious freedom

22. 21. The pre-colonial Filipinos believed in
animism and had a pantheon of deities. What
is the term for their supreme god?
a) Bathala
b) Allah
c) Buddha
d) Shiva

23. 22. What valuable commodity did the Philippines
export to China during ancient times, which led to
strong trade relations?
a) Gold
b) Silver
c) Spices
d) Silk

24. 23. Why did Spain want to establish a presence in the
Philippines in the 16th century?
a) To expand their empire and increase their wealth
b) To convert the Filipino people to Islam
c) To establish a trading hub for Chinese merchants
d) To escape political turmoil in Spain

25. 24. Which Spanish explorer is credited with the
discovery of the Philippines in 1521?
a) Christopher Columbus
b) Hernan Cortes
c) Ferdinand Magellan
d) Francisco Pizarro

26. 25. Besides gold, what other resource from the
Philippines interested the Spanish?
a) Silk
b) Spices
c) Gemstones
d) Tea

27. 26. What role did religion play in Spain's colonization
of the Philippines?
a) Spain aimed to convert the predominantly Muslim
population to Christianity.
b) Spain wanted to establish the Philippines as a center
of Hinduism.
c) Spain sought to promote Buddhism in the
Philippines.
d) Religion was not a significant factor in Spanish
colonization.

28. 27. Which treaty formally ceded the Philippines to Spain
in 1565?
a) Treaty of Tordesillas
b) Treaty of Paris
c) Treaty of Versailles
d) Treaty of Manila

29. 28. What economic system was established by the
Spanish to exploit the resources of the Philippines?
a) Hacienda system
b) Feudal system
c) Monopoly system
d) Capitalist system

30. 29. How did the arrival of Spanish colonizers affect the
indigenous cultures of the Philippines?
a) It led to the preservation of indigenous traditions
and languages.
b) It resulted in the complete assimilation of
indigenous cultures into Spanish culture.
c) It brought about a syncretic blend of indigenous and
Spanish cultures.
d) It had no impact on indigenous cultures.

31. 30. What was the primary role of the Encomienda
system in the Philippines?
a) To encourage trade with China
b) To establish local self-governance
c) To exploit indigenous labor and resources
d) To promote religious freedom

32. 31. What was the significance of the Manila Galleon
trade route?
a) It facilitated trade between Spain and Japan.
b) It was a major trading route between the Philippines
and Mexico.
c) It connected the Philippines to India for spice trade.
d) It linked the Philippines with Africa for the slave trade.

33. 32. How did the Spanish colonization affect the
Filipino language?
a) It led to the complete replacement of Filipino
languages with Spanish.
b) It had no impact on the Filipino language.
c) It enriched the Filipino language with Spanish
loanwords.
d) It led to the development of a new language known
as "Filipino.“

34. 33. Which indigenous Filipino leader resisted
Spanish colonization and is known for his heroic
efforts in the 16th century?
a) Lapu-Lapu
b) Datu Sikatuna
c) Rajah Humabon
d) Rajah Sulayman

35. 34. When did the Philippines gain independence from
Spanish rule?
a) 1492
b) 1565
c) 1898
d) 1946

36. 35. What type of government did the Spanish establish
in the Philippines during colonization?
a) Democracy
b) Monarchy
c) Republic
d) Oligarchy

37. 36. Who was the first Spanish governor-general of the
Philippines in 1565?
a) Ferdinand Magellan
b) Miguel López de Legazpi
c) Jose Rizal
d) Andres Bonifacio

38. 37. Which Spanish institution was responsible for
governing the Philippines and enforcing Spanish
colonial policies?
a) The Spanish Inquisition
b) The Spanish Armada
c) The Royal Audiencia
d) The Jesuit Order

39. 38. What system did the Spanish employ to govern
the indigenous population through appointed local
leaders?
a) Encomienda system
b) Democracy
c) Feudal system
d) Republic system

40. 39. What role did the Catholic Church play in Spanish
colonial governance of the Philippines?
a) It had no influence on colonial politics.
b) It acted as a separate, rival government.
c) It played a significant role in governing and
converting the indigenous population.
d) It promoted religious diversity.

41. 40. Who was the Filipino leader who challenged
Spanish colonial rule and established the short-lived
Tagalog Republic in 1896?
a) Jose Rizal
b) Emilio Aguinaldo
c) Andres Bonifacio
d) Lapu-Lapu

42. 41. What event marked the end of Spanish colonial
rule in the Philippines in 1898?
a) Treaty of Paris
b) Battle of Mactan
c) Treaty of Tordesillas
d) Treaty of Versailles

43. 42. What political entity succeeded Spanish colonial
rule in the Philippines?
a) American colonial government
b) Japanese Empire
c) Chinese Republic
d) Soviet Union

44. 43. What political entity succeeded Spanish colonial
rule in the Philippines?
a) American colonial government
b) Japanese Empire
c) Chinese Republic
d) Soviet Union

45. 44. When did the Philippines finally gain full
independence from foreign rule?
a) 1521
b) 1898
c) 1946
d) 1965

46. 45. Which famous Philippine national hero was inspired
by the early revolts and played a key role in the
struggle for Philippine independence?
a) Andres Bonifacio
b) Jose Rizal
c) Emilio Aguinaldo
d) Apolinario Mabini

47. 46. What was the main reason for the United States'
interest in acquiring the Philippines after the Spanish-
American War?
a) To establish a military presence in Asia
b) To convert Filipinos to Islam
c) To exploit the Philippines' natural resources
d) To promote Filipino self-governance

48. 47. How did the United States view the Philippines as a
strategic location in the Pacific?
a) As a key trading partner
b) As a potential military base and refueling station
c) As a source of cultural enrichment
d) As a territory for agricultural expansion

49. 48. What impact did the American colonial
government have on the Philippines' economy?
a) It led to economic prosperity and rapid
industrialization.
b) It imposed heavy taxes and exploited natural
resources.
c) It promoted self-sufficiency and limited trade.
d) It had no influence on the economy.

50. 49. How did the American colonial government view
its "benevolent assimilation" policy in the Philippines?
a) As a way to respect Philippine culture and
traditions
b) As a means to establish a strong Filipino
government
c) As a method to fully integrate Filipinos into
American culture and society
d) As a form of military conquest and subjugation

51. 50. When did the Philippines finally gain full
independence from the United States?
a) 1898
b) 1942
c) 1946
d) 1965

52. 51. What major shift occurred in the Philippines'
economic structure during the American occupation?
a) The transition from an agrarian to an industrial
economy
b) The shift from a cash crop-based economy to a
self-sufficient one
c) The establishment of a barter system
d) The development of a feudal system

53. 52. What cash crop became a major export from the
Philippines during the American occupation?
a) Coffee
b) Tobacco
c) Sugar
d) Rice

54. 53. How did the American colonial government
encourage foreign investment in the Philippines?
a) By implementing strict protectionist policies
b) By offering tax incentives and guarantees to foreign
investors
c) By limiting foreign ownership of businesses
d) By imposing high tariffs on foreign goods

55. 54. What impact did the construction of transportation
infrastructure, such as roads and railways, have on the
Philippine economy?
a) It led to a decline in economic activity.
b) It improved transportation and facilitated economic
growth.
c) It had no significant impact on the economy.
d) It increased taxes and government spending.

56. 55. Under the American colonial government, what was
the highest political office in the Philippines?
a) Governor-General
b) President
c) Prime Minister
d) Mayor

57. 56. What political party was founded by Manuel L.
Quezon to advocate for Filipino independence?
a) Nacionalista Party
b) Liberal Party
c) Katipunan Party
d) Democratic Party

58. 57. Who became the first President of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935?
a) Emilio Aguinaldo
b) Manuel Quezon
c) Sergio Osmeña
d) Ferdinand Marcos

59. 58. What significant event marked the end of the
American colonial period in the Philippines?
a) The signing of the Treaty of Paris
b) The establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth
c) The proclamation of Philippine independence on July
July 4, 1946
d) The outbreak of World War II

60. 59. What is the primary goal of the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in the Philippines?
a) To promote industrialization
b) To provide financial support to urban areas
c) To redistribute agricultural lands to landless farmers
d) To encourage foreign investment in the agricultural
sector

61. 60. What is the primary crop produced in the
Philippines, often referred to as the "Rice Bowl of Asia"?
a) Coffee
b) Sugar
c) Corn
d) Rice

62. 61. Which program is designed to provide financial
protection to farmers against natural calamities and
other risks?
a) Crop Insurance Program
b) Poultry Development Program
c) Banana Export Initiative
d) Operation Food Staple

63. 62. Which significant event marked the end of martial
law in the Philippines during Cory Aquino's
administration?
a) The signing of the 1987 Constitution
b) The assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.
c) The eruption of Mount Pinatubo
d) The signing of the 1986 Constitution

64. 63. Who led the most notable coup attempt against
Cory Aquino's government during her presidency?
a) Ferdinand Marcos
b) Juan Ponce Enrile
c) Fidel V. Ramos
d) Gregorio Honasan

65. 64. What was the main goal of the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) implemented during
Cory Aquino's administration?
a) Redistribution of land to farmers
b) Privatization of agricultural lands
c) Abolition of the Department of Agriculture
d) Expansion of large-scale commercial farming

66. 65. What significant event marked the beginning of
Fidel V. Ramos's presidency?
a) The assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.
b) The eruption of Mount Pinatubo
c) The signing of the 1987 Constitution
d) The People Power Revolution

67. 66. Which significant agreement was signed during
Ramos's presidency, ending a long-running insurgency
in the Philippines?
a) Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
b) Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB)
c) Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA)
d) North Borneo Agreement (1963)

68. 67. Fidel V. Ramos initiated the "Philippines 2000"
program, which aimed to achieve a specific goal for the
Philippines by the year 2000. What was the main goal of
this program?
a) Achieving 100% literacy
b) Eradicating poverty
c) Becoming an Asian economic powerhouse
d) Modernizing the military

69. 68. What significant political event led to Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo becoming president?
a.) The assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.
b) The EDSA Revolution
c) A military coup
d) The resignation of Joseph Estrada

70. 69. During her administration, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
faced a series of coup attempts. Who led the most
notable of these coup attempts?
a) Fidel V. Ramos
b) Joseph Estrada
c) Antonio Trillanes IV
d) Benigno Aquino III

71. 70. Which high-profile corruption scandal during
Arroyo's administration led to her being accused of
conspiring to plunder government funds?
a) Pork Barrel Scam
b) NBN-ZTE Scandal
c) Hello Garci Scandal
d) PDAF Scam

72. 71. One of Arroyo's major foreign policy achievements
was her administration's success in negotiating a peace
agreement with which separatist group in Mindanao?
a) New People's Army (NPA)
b) Abu Sayyaf Group
c) Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
d) Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

73. 72. What was one of the key promises of Noynoy
Aquino's presidential campaign?
a) To implement Martial Law
b) To address corruption and promote good governance
c) To expand the military
d) To increase taxes

74. 73. What government program aimed to provide
conditional cash transfers to the poorest families in the
Philippines during Aquino's administration?
a) Bicol Express
b) Bangsamoro Basic Law
c) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
d) MRT-3 Rehabilitation Project

75. 74. Which significant event occurred during Aquino's
administration, leading to the arrest and eventual
detention of former Philippine President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo?
a) The Oakwood Mutiny
b) The Ampatuan Massacre
c) The Napoles Pork Barrel Scandal
d) The Maguindanao Massacre

76. 75. What was the central theme of Aquino's "Daang
Matuwid" (Straight Path) governance agenda?
a) Military expansion
b) Economic liberalization
c) Good governance, transparency, and anti-corruption
d) Cultural preservation

77. 76. What key policy shift did Duterte announce
regarding the Philippines' foreign relations during his
presidency?
a) A move towards isolationism and less engagement
with the international community
b) A pivot toward closer ties with the United States
c) A stronger alliance with China
d) A commitment to uphold the country's traditional
foreign policy alliances

78. 77. Rodrigo Duterte's administration faced criticism and
controversy over allegations of human rights abuses
primarily associated with which government initiative?
a) Economic reform
b) Education reform
c) Counter-terrorism efforts
d) War on drugs

79. 78. Which of the following was one of Duterte's
economic priorities during his presidency?
a) Exporting agricultural products
b) Reducing foreign investments
c) Promoting tourism
d) Expanding the manufacturing sector

80. 79. Which city was the site of a five-month-long conflict
between government forces and Islamist militants
during Duterte's presidency?
a) Marawi City
b) Davao City
c) Manila City
d) Cebu City
.

81. 80. What was one of Rodrigo Duterte's central
campaign promises during his presidential bid?
a) Economic austerity and reduced government
spending
b) Strong focus on environmental conservation
c) War on drugs and crime
d) Enhanced international diplomacy

82. Thank you