This document summarizes research on improving drought resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops. Under rainfed conditions, some elite bean lines showed greater biomass production and ability to partition photosynthates to pods during drought stress periods. Lines like SER 128, SER 78, SEA 15, NCB 226, SEN 56, SEN 36, SER 119 and SER 113 yielded well under drought due to higher pod partitioning index values, indicating greater remobilization of carbon to pods. The line SER 118 showed strong remobilization of photosynthates under terminal drought as evidenced by high pod partitioning and pod harvest index values, though it had lower biomass production. Higher pod harvest index values correlated with
1) An on-farm study tested the effects of applying the neonicotinoid insecticide Gaucho at 2.0 oz/cwt to spring wheat on wireworm populations, yield, and profitability compared to an untreated check.
2) In 2010, the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment significantly increased stand establishment, yield by 66.1 bu/ac versus 27.6 bu/ac for the check, and profits by $392/ac versus $166/ac for the check.
3) Wireworm populations, as measured by modified solar bait traps the following spring, were reduced 41% by the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment compared
C:\Fakepath\A Esser Washington Winter Canola Feasibilityin Rotationnacaa
This document summarizes an on-farm study comparing winter canola and winter wheat in a rotation with summer fallow in Eastern Washington. The study found that winter wheat yielded higher but winter canola provided better control of grassy weeds. Over the total cropping sequence, there was no significant difference in gross economic returns between winter wheat and winter canola. For winter canola to be more profitable than winter wheat, it requires a price that is 26.4% higher per bushel to compensate for typically lower yields. The study concludes that winter canola has potential as an alternative crop to winter wheat in the rotation to improve weed management and reduce herbicide resistance, though economic returns depend on relative market prices between the two crops
1) Monsanto's mid-year pipeline update indicates continuing momentum, with new analyses of 2005 field research supporting products like YieldGard Rootworm and dicamba-tolerant soybeans.
2) Early results from the Southern Hemisphere reinforce the potential for drought-tolerant corn and higher-yielding soybeans.
3) New initiatives like "High-Impact Technology" projects aim to streamline development and improve the commercial readiness of promising pipeline opportunities such as Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans.
Herman Warsaw developed a corn production system that got the attention of other farmers and agribusiness when he set a new world corn yield record in 1975 of 338 bu/A. Through diligent observation and experimentation, he identified and removed yield-limiting factors like inadequate soil nutrients and plant populations. By 1975, he had increased his farm's average yield to 274 bu/A. He challenged others to further improve corn yields while stewarding soil and water resources.
Drought Maintains Its Grip on North Central OklahomaFabienne22Q
Drought conditions persist and intensify in north central Oklahoma, with temperatures over 100 degrees and rainfall at only 12% of normal levels. Farmers and ranchers report their crops, livestock, and hay supplies are in much worse condition than the previous year's drought. The drought is threatening spring row crops, soybeans, and native grass pastures, forcing livestock producers to graze CRP lands under emergency approval. The Kay County Conservation District is sponsoring poster, essay, and speech contests for students on the theme of soil conservation.
1) An on-farm study tested the effects of applying the neonicotinoid insecticide Gaucho at 2.0 oz/cwt to spring wheat on wireworm populations, yield, and profitability compared to an untreated check.
2) In 2010, the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment significantly increased stand establishment, yield by 66.1 bu/ac versus 27.6 bu/ac for the check, and profits by $392/ac versus $166/ac for the check.
3) Wireworm populations, as measured by modified solar bait traps the following spring, were reduced 41% by the 2.0 oz/cwt Gaucho treatment compared
C:\Fakepath\A Esser Washington Winter Canola Feasibilityin Rotationnacaa
This document summarizes an on-farm study comparing winter canola and winter wheat in a rotation with summer fallow in Eastern Washington. The study found that winter wheat yielded higher but winter canola provided better control of grassy weeds. Over the total cropping sequence, there was no significant difference in gross economic returns between winter wheat and winter canola. For winter canola to be more profitable than winter wheat, it requires a price that is 26.4% higher per bushel to compensate for typically lower yields. The study concludes that winter canola has potential as an alternative crop to winter wheat in the rotation to improve weed management and reduce herbicide resistance, though economic returns depend on relative market prices between the two crops
1) Monsanto's mid-year pipeline update indicates continuing momentum, with new analyses of 2005 field research supporting products like YieldGard Rootworm and dicamba-tolerant soybeans.
2) Early results from the Southern Hemisphere reinforce the potential for drought-tolerant corn and higher-yielding soybeans.
3) New initiatives like "High-Impact Technology" projects aim to streamline development and improve the commercial readiness of promising pipeline opportunities such as Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans.
Herman Warsaw developed a corn production system that got the attention of other farmers and agribusiness when he set a new world corn yield record in 1975 of 338 bu/A. Through diligent observation and experimentation, he identified and removed yield-limiting factors like inadequate soil nutrients and plant populations. By 1975, he had increased his farm's average yield to 274 bu/A. He challenged others to further improve corn yields while stewarding soil and water resources.
Drought Maintains Its Grip on North Central OklahomaFabienne22Q
Drought conditions persist and intensify in north central Oklahoma, with temperatures over 100 degrees and rainfall at only 12% of normal levels. Farmers and ranchers report their crops, livestock, and hay supplies are in much worse condition than the previous year's drought. The drought is threatening spring row crops, soybeans, and native grass pastures, forcing livestock producers to graze CRP lands under emergency approval. The Kay County Conservation District is sponsoring poster, essay, and speech contests for students on the theme of soil conservation.
Poster20: Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drough...CIAT
Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drought resistance in Canavalia brasiliensis, a forage legume. The study tested the hypothesis that C. brasiliensis' superior tolerance of long dry seasons under low soil fertility is related to its deep rooting ability. Using a greenhouse method, the study found that genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 produced more leaf area under both fertilized and drought conditions, indicating drought tolerance, while genotype CIAT 21014 produced less leaf area. Genotype CIAT 905 also showed lower leaf conductance under drought stress, regulating water loss. Rooting depth measurements found genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 developed deeper root systems than
A trusted hat and two new shoes: Forages for Eco-efficiencyCIAT
This document provides information on CIAT's tropical forage research program including germplasm development, high value products, and integrating forages into smallholder crop-livestock systems. It summarizes outputs across various regions and describes benefits like improved livelihoods and environmental outcomes. Expertise within the program spans various disciplines including plant genetics, animal nutrition, and molecular biology.
Discovery of the wild progenitor of Lima bean: a contribution to local commu...CIAT
This document discusses research on wild and domesticated lima beans. It provides information on the origins and domestication of lima beans, including evidence that there were two separate domestication events from two different gene pools of wild lima beans in South and Mesoamerica. The document also discusses the use of different genetic markers like chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA to study the phylogenetic relationships between wild and domesticated lima bean varieties to better understand their evolution and domestication history. In addition, it recognizes the contributions of numerous researchers who have studied lima beans.
Biotech research at tamil nadu agricultural university 2011Senthil Natesan
The document discusses biotechnology education and research activities at Genesis. It describes undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs in biotechnology. The major areas of biotechnology research include isolating genes for crop traits, genetic transformation of crops, and marker-assisted breeding. Key target traits are abiotic stress resistance, biotic stress resistance, and nutritional quality. Various projects are outlined relating to drought tolerance, submergence tolerance, salt tolerance, insect resistance, disease resistance, iron rice, golden rice, and low phytate crops.
Anticipated Impact of Modern Biotechnology on Nutrient Use Efficiency: Consequences for the Fertilizer Industry.
Rob Rennie and Patrick Heffer, TFI/FIRT Fertilizer Outlook and Technology Conference, 16-18 November 2010, Savannah, GA, USA
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Impacto de las intervenciones agricolas y de salud para reducir la deficienci...CIAT
Este documento resume un estudio realizado en Guatemala para evaluar el impacto de entregar semilla biofortificada de frijol en aspectos socioeconómicos y de salud nutricional. El estudio utilizó un diseño de ensayo clúster aleatorio en comunidades rurales asignadas a recibir semilla biofortificada o no. Los resultados preliminares mostraron pocos cambios socioeconómicos entre grupos. Los resultados de línea base encontraron altas tasas de anemia y deficiencia de hierro, con el frijol contribuyendo signific
Agricultura sensible a la nutrición en el Altiplano. Explorando las perspecti...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
El rol de los padres en la nutrición del hogarCIAT
Este documento presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio sobre las dinámicas intra-hogar y su impacto en la nutrición de familias agrícolas en Guatemala. Los hallazgos incluyen que las mujeres tienden a estar más desempoderadas que los hombres, y los niños en hogares con mujeres desempoderadas tienen más probabilidades de sufrir retraso en el crecimiento. Además, las preferencias de alimentos y labores varían entre hombres y mujeres dependiendo del ingreso disponible. Considerar tanto a padres como madres es importante para proyectos de nut
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement contributing to mitigate climate changeCIAT
This document summarizes Session 3 of a symposium on scaling up soil carbon enhancement to contribute to climate change mitigation. It discusses: 1) The potential for climate change
Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Agricultura de República DominicanaCIAT
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), con el apoyo de los Programas de Investigación de CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) y sobre Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), se han asociado para comprender, a través de la ciencia, el impacto del cambio climático en cultivos claves y el impacto económico en la productividad de la agricultura en países de ALC.
BioTerra: Nuevo sistema de monitoreo de la biodiversidad en desarrollo por el...CIAT
BioTerra es un sistema innovador de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas desarrollado por el Programa Riqueza Natural de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), y sus socios locales – el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) – para apoyar al gobierno colombiano en el cumplimiento de las metas y compromisos de conservación de la biodiversidad. Este sistema busca complementar y aunar esfuerzos existentes de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas, a nivel nacional y regional.
Cacao for Peace Activities for Tackling the Cadmium in Cacao Issue in Colo...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to forkCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study ...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Geographical Information System Mapping for Optimized Cacao Production in Col...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El documento resume los resultados de una investigación sobre el contenido de cadmio en granos de cacao en Perú. La investigación analizó muestras de suelo, hojas y granos de cacao de varias regiones para determinar las relaciones entre los contenidos de cadmio. Los resultados mostraron que eliminar la testa de los granos tiende a disminuir el contenido de cadmio. Además, se proponen nuevos protocolos de poscosecha y prácticas agrícolas para reducir los contenidos de cadmio en el suelo, las plantas y los
Técnicas para disminuir la disponibilidad de cadmio en suelos de cacaoterasCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
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Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drought resistance in Canavalia brasiliensis, a forage legume. The study tested the hypothesis that C. brasiliensis' superior tolerance of long dry seasons under low soil fertility is related to its deep rooting ability. Using a greenhouse method, the study found that genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 produced more leaf area under both fertilized and drought conditions, indicating drought tolerance, while genotype CIAT 21014 produced less leaf area. Genotype CIAT 905 also showed lower leaf conductance under drought stress, regulating water loss. Rooting depth measurements found genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 developed deeper root systems than
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This document provides information on CIAT's tropical forage research program including germplasm development, high value products, and integrating forages into smallholder crop-livestock systems. It summarizes outputs across various regions and describes benefits like improved livelihoods and environmental outcomes. Expertise within the program spans various disciplines including plant genetics, animal nutrition, and molecular biology.
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This document discusses research on wild and domesticated lima beans. It provides information on the origins and domestication of lima beans, including evidence that there were two separate domestication events from two different gene pools of wild lima beans in South and Mesoamerica. The document also discusses the use of different genetic markers like chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA to study the phylogenetic relationships between wild and domesticated lima bean varieties to better understand their evolution and domestication history. In addition, it recognizes the contributions of numerous researchers who have studied lima beans.
Biotech research at tamil nadu agricultural university 2011Senthil Natesan
The document discusses biotechnology education and research activities at Genesis. It describes undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs in biotechnology. The major areas of biotechnology research include isolating genes for crop traits, genetic transformation of crops, and marker-assisted breeding. Key target traits are abiotic stress resistance, biotic stress resistance, and nutritional quality. Various projects are outlined relating to drought tolerance, submergence tolerance, salt tolerance, insect resistance, disease resistance, iron rice, golden rice, and low phytate crops.
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Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Impacto de las intervenciones agricolas y de salud para reducir la deficienci...CIAT
Este documento resume un estudio realizado en Guatemala para evaluar el impacto de entregar semilla biofortificada de frijol en aspectos socioeconómicos y de salud nutricional. El estudio utilizó un diseño de ensayo clúster aleatorio en comunidades rurales asignadas a recibir semilla biofortificada o no. Los resultados preliminares mostraron pocos cambios socioeconómicos entre grupos. Los resultados de línea base encontraron altas tasas de anemia y deficiencia de hierro, con el frijol contribuyendo signific
Agricultura sensible a la nutrición en el Altiplano. Explorando las perspecti...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
El rol de los padres en la nutrición del hogarCIAT
Este documento presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio sobre las dinámicas intra-hogar y su impacto en la nutrición de familias agrícolas en Guatemala. Los hallazgos incluyen que las mujeres tienden a estar más desempoderadas que los hombres, y los niños en hogares con mujeres desempoderadas tienen más probabilidades de sufrir retraso en el crecimiento. Además, las preferencias de alimentos y labores varían entre hombres y mujeres dependiendo del ingreso disponible. Considerar tanto a padres como madres es importante para proyectos de nut
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El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), con el apoyo de los Programas de Investigación de CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) y sobre Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), se han asociado para comprender, a través de la ciencia, el impacto del cambio climático en cultivos claves y el impacto económico en la productividad de la agricultura en países de ALC.
BioTerra: Nuevo sistema de monitoreo de la biodiversidad en desarrollo por el...CIAT
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El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
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Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study ...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Geographical Information System Mapping for Optimized Cacao Production in Col...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El documento resume los resultados de una investigación sobre el contenido de cadmio en granos de cacao en Perú. La investigación analizó muestras de suelo, hojas y granos de cacao de varias regiones para determinar las relaciones entre los contenidos de cadmio. Los resultados mostraron que eliminar la testa de los granos tiende a disminuir el contenido de cadmio. Además, se proponen nuevos protocolos de poscosecha y prácticas agrícolas para reducir los contenidos de cadmio en el suelo, las plantas y los
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El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
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El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Poster23: Photosynthate remobilizationto grain in common bean contributes to improved resistance to terminal drought stress
1. Photosynthate remobilization to grain in common bean contributes to
improved resistance to terminal drought stress
Jose A. Polanía, M. Rivera, M. Grajales, C. Cajiao, S. Beebe and I. M. Rao
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
E-mail: j.a.polania@cgiar.org; i.rao@cgiar.org
Introduction Under rainfed conditions, significant genotypic differences
were observed in canopy biomass production at mid-pod
The elite lines SER 128, SER 78, SEA 15, NCB 226, SEN
56, SEN 36, SER 119 and SER 113 yielded well under
Drought is the major abiotic constraint affecting common filling growth stage (Figure 2). Higher values of canopy rainfed conditions due to greater ability to partition
biomass could indicate greater potential for remobilization photosynthetically assimilated carbon to pods as reflected
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. About 60% of the of photosynthates to grain during drought stress. Cowpea
bean crop is cultivated under the risk of either intermittent cv. Mouride showed markedly greater value of canopy by higher values of pod partitioning index (Figure 3). The
or terminal drought (Beebe at al., 2008; Rao, 2001; biomass than the common bean genotypes. Among the line SER 118 was outstanding in remobilization of
White and Singh, 1991). The effects of drought on genotypes of P. vulgaris tested, NCB 226, SXB 418, DOR photosynthates under terminal drought stress as indicated
common bean are dependent on the intensity, type and 390, SER 78 and SER 113 were outstanding in canopy by greater values of both pod partitioning index and pod
duration of the stress. Improving drought resistance of biomass production. harvest index but it had lower value of canopy biomass
common bean varieties is an important research for (Figure 2, 3 and 4) indicating the need for adequate
development strategy to minimize crop failure and 1600 vegetative vigor to achieve higher values of grain yield. In
improve food security in bean growing regions. Field contrast to SER 118, cowpea cv. Mouride showed lower
Rainfed grain yield (kg ha-1)
1400 SER 78
studies conducted for the past few years indicated that the SER 128 NCB 280 NCB 226 value of pod partitioning index indicating a limitation on
superior performance of common bean genotypes under 1200 SEA 15
SER 119
SEN 36
G 40001 SEN 56 Cowpea M
remobilization of photosynthates to pod development.
both terminal and intermittent drought stress was 1000
EAP 9653-16B
SEA 5 SER 118
SER 113
SER 16
associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthates Mean: 898 A 774 Results on the relationship between rainfed pod harvest
800 SXB 405
from vegetative structures to developing grain. Among the LSD0.05: 319 Tio Canela
BAT 477
DOR 390 index (PHI) and rainfed grain yield indicated that two
plant traits evaluated using a large number of both elite 600 Perola
San Cristobal
SXB 418
small seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 128) and four small
lines and recombinant inbred lines, pod harvest index was 400 A 686 seeded black lines (NCB 226, NCB 280. SEN 36 and SEN
identified as a useful trait to consider in the breeding 56) were superior in mobilizing photosynthates from pod
200
program in addition to grain yield for identifying bean G 19902 wall to seeds (Figure 4). The PHI values of the two wild
genotypes that are better adapted to both terminal and 0 G 24390
Mean: 2781
LSD0.05: 981
bean accessions (G 19902 and G 24390) were markedly
intermittent drought stress conditions. We evaluated lower than that of other bean genotypes. Results on
drought adaptation of 36 genotypes including the elite 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 agronomic water efficiency indicated that the elite lines
lines and checks from the on-going breeding program with Rainfed canopy biomass (kg ha-1) SER 78, NCB 226 and SER 128 were highly efficient in the
the main objective of defining the physiological basis for Figure 2. The relationship between rainfed grain yield and use of water applied under rainfed conditions (Figure 5).
improved drought resistance. rainfed canopy biomass.
Correlation coefficients between grain yield and other
Materials and Methods 1600 shoot attributes indicated that seed yield was positively
related to canopy biomass, pod partitioning index and
Rainfed grain yield (kg ha-1)
1400 SER 78
SER 128
A field trial was conducted at CIAT-Palmira in 2009 (July 1200
NCB 280
NCB 226
SEN 36 SEA 15 pod harvest index under rainfed conditions (Table 1).
G 40001
to October) to determine genotypic differences in Cowpea M SEN 56 SER 119
tolerance to drought stress conditions. The trial included 36 1000 SXB 415 SER 16
SER 113
SER 109 Table 1. Correlation coefficients (r) between grain yield
and other shoot attributes under irrigated and rainfed
SEA 5 SER 118
genotypes: A 686, A 774, BAT 477, Carioca, Cowpea 800
Mean: 898 SXB 405 RCB 273 A 774
Mouride, DOR 390, EAP 9503-32B, EAP 9653-16B-1, G
LSD0.05: 319
SXB 418 Tio Canela
Carioca
conditions. *, **, *** Significant at the 0.05, 0.01 and
0.001 probability levels, respectively.
DOR 390 BAT 477
19902, G 24390, G 40001, NCB 226, NCB 280, Perola, 600 Perola
RCB 273, San Cristóbal 83, SEA 15, SEA 5, SEN 36, SEN 400
San Cristobal A 686
Plant traits Irrigated Rainfed
56, SER 109, SER 113, SER 118, SER 119, SER 125, SER
128, SER 16, SER 48, SER 78, SER 90, SXB 405, SXB 409, 200 Canopy biomass (kg ha-1) -0.01 0.59***
SXB 412, SXB 415, SXB 418 and Tio Canela 75. A 6 x 6 0 G 19902
Pod partitioning index (%) 0.49** 0.79***
G 24390
partially balanced lattice design with 3 replicates was Mean: 63
Pod harvest index (%) 0.64*** 0.61***
used. Two levels of water supply (irrigated and rainfed) 0 20 40 60 80 100
were applied. Experimental units consisted of 4 rows of
3.72 m long by 0.6 m wide. Canopy dry weight per area
was measured at mid-pod filling under rainfed and
Rainfed pod partitioning index (%)
Figure 3. The relationship between rainfed grain yield and
Conclusions
irrigated conditions in order to determine genotypic Field evaluation of elite lines at Palmira under terminal
rainfed pod partitioning index.
variation in drought resistance. At the time of harvest, drought stress resulted in identification of six small seeded
grain yield and yield components were determined. Pod
1600 common bean lines (NCB 226, NCB 280, SEN 56, SER 113,
partitioning index (dry wt of pods at harvest/dry wt of SER 78 and SER 128) that were outstanding in their
Rainfed grain yield (kg ha-1)
1400 SER 78
canopy biomass at mid-podfill x 100), pod harvest index 1200
SER 128 NCB 226
SEA 15 NCB 280 adaptation to terminal drought stress conditions. The
(dry wt of seed at harvest/dry wt of pod at harvest x SEN 36 G 40001
SEN 56 superior performance of these lines under drought stress
100), were also determined (Figure 1). 1000 SXB 415
SEA 5
SER 16 Cowpea M
SER 109
was associated with higher values of canopy biomass, pod
A 774 SER 118
800
Mean: 898
LSD0.05: 319
SXB 405 Carioca RCB 273
Tio Canela
partitioning index and pod harvest index reflecting the
BAT 477
600
SXB 418
DOR 390
Perola
contribution of remobilization of photosynthates to grain.
San Cristobal A 686 Further work is in progress to evaluate these lines for their
400 deep rooting ability under drought stress conditions.
200
0 G 19902
G 24390
Mean: 72
LSD0.05: 8
References
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Beebe, S., I. M. Rao, C. Cajiao and M. Grajales. 2008.
Rainfed pod harvest index (%) Selection for drought resistance in common bean also
Figure 4. The relationship between rainfed grain yield and improves yield in phosphorus limited and favorable
environments. Crop Science 48: 582-592.
1 rainfed pod harvest index.
Rao, I. M. 2001. Role of physiology in improving crop
2 14 adaptation to abiotic stresses in the tropics: The case of
Irrig a te d
common bean and tropical forages. In: M. Pessarakli (ed).
Agronomic water efficiency
12 R a in fe d
Figure 1. Photosynthate remobilization pathway. 1 Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. Marcel Dekker,
(kg ha-1 mm-1)
Mobilization of photosynthates from leaves and stems to
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Inc., New York, USA pp. 583-613.
pods (pod partitioning index). 2 Mobilization of 8 White, J. W., and S. P. Singh. 1991. Breeding for
photosynthates from pod wall to seed (pod harvest index) adaptation to drought. p. 501-506. In A. van Schoonhoven
Results and Discussion
6
and O. Voyset (ed.) Common beans: Research fro crop
4 improvement. CAB International. Wallingford, UK & CIAT,
2
Cali, Colombia.
During the crop-growing season, maximum and minimum
air temperatures were 32.6 oC and 19.4 oC. The total
rainfall during the active crop growth was 59 mm. The
0
Acknowledgements
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potential pan evaporation was of 482 mm. These data on
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This work is partially supported from the funds from BMZ-
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total rainfall and pan evaporation together with decrease
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in soil moisture across soil depth (-24 KPa in irrigated vs. - G e n o typ e s GTZ), Generation Challenge Program of CGIAR (Tropical
108 KPa ia rainfed at 60 days after planting at 40-60 cm Figure 5. Agronomic water efficiency (grain yield (kg/ Legumes I Project) and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
soil depth) indicated that the crop suffered severe terminal ha)/unit water applied (mm) of 12 genotypes grown under (Tropical Legumes I and II projects).
drought stress during active growth and development. irrigated and rainfed conditions.