Agrarian reform involves redistributing agricultural land and resources in a country. President Diosdado Macapagal enacted the first major agrarian reform law in the Philippines in 1963. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of 1988 aimed to give farmers certificates of land ownership (CLOA) for small plots of less than 5 hectares. Agrarian reform benefits farmers by promoting higher incomes through complementary programs for irrigation, credit, and services. Its main purposes are to reduce land conflicts and bring political stability. Reforms are important for protecting farmer rights.