The Position object provides methods for positioning elements and calculating element positions within the document. Some key methods include: - cumulativeOffset which returns the offsets of an element from the top and left of the document by adding the element's offsetLeft and offsetTop to those of its parents. - within which indicates if a given x,y point is within the boundaries of an element by comparing the point to the element's calculated bounding box. - overlap which returns a number from 0-1 indicating the proportion an element overlaps another at a given x,y point, either vertically or horizontally. It must be called after within. - prepared and withinIncludingScrollOffsets which handle positioning elements within scrolling containers.