William Morillo's career at UPEC will focus on business administration and marketing. The School of Business Administration and Marketing aims to promote development in Carchi province by incubating small, medium, and large businesses. Faculty with scientific, technological, and cultural knowledge will transmit their knowledge to eager students to help achieve the university's goals. Business administration can be defined as designing and maintaining an environment where people work effectively in groups to achieve goals, which is important for solving problems in the city and country.

1. UPEC
julio 31
STUDENT
PORTFOLIO 2012
NAME: WILLIAM MORILLO INGLES 6°

2. DOSSIER
SHARE YOUR IDEAS ABOUT THE DVANCE OF TEHCNOLOGY AND THEIR USE AT
PRESENT TIME
IMAGINE WHAT CAPACITIES OR COMPETENCES YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DO
AFTER YOU FINISH THE UNIVERSITY
Specifically to culminate my career I'll be ready to act and play very important
positions in any public or private entity since theoretically be ready to play any role or
position in relation to business administration and marketing, but it is worth to
specify and to know that as a student, which in practice will have less experience but
want to go out and strive hasten every day, this part of work experience is an
important part I give to know as many of us recently graduated students not comply
perfectly with the practical skills or work to develop us well in the workplace, since
many of us have to learn and improve work practice in companies.

3. As I will powers are many and of great importance such as I have and will improve the
ways of thinking and to make appropriate decisions for improvement, could help
society to solve problems that are happening and I would a researcher cases that
affect our society.
Another strength that I'm developing and improving innovation is constant, this being
an important factor that every manager must have and you have to develop.

4. Finally, other capacity development and I'm going to put into practice in the labor
field is teamwork, as it is of utmost importance so we could work together better in
the field defogging labor and so focus and meet our objectives of the best way.
PLEASE WRITE AN ARTICLE ABOUT THE NATURAL DISASTERS THAT MAY
HAPPEN AT PRESENT TIME
INTRODUCTION
In this issue I give to make known then speak of the natural phenomena of the
world and our country and everything related to the material and human losses
caused by nature such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, deforestation ,
environmental pollution and others.

5. I can also say that many of the phenomena of the world and our country are
caused by human activities that disrupt the normal environment. Among some of
the best known are: pollution of the environment, erroneous and irrational
exploitation of natural resources have to forests, soil, minerals, construction of
houses and buildings in high risk areas.
Basically if we talk about natural phenomena in our country and around the world, I
can say that the biggest risk area is always in the Pacific since historically most of
the phenomena have occurred in the ocean.
Among one of the phenomena, which I can personally say that was the most
shocking was the phenomenon of the child, and that this phenomenon originated
major floods, causing distress for the entire population and economic collapse in
many countries including our country, as happened in two sometimes at the end of
the twentieth century.

6. All of us in one form or another as long as we are affected by these phenomena
that occur in our world.
In many cases a man could do nothing to prevent these phenomena, or in other
cases the man does nothing to prevent them. The effects of a disaster can be
amplified due to poor planning of human settlements, lack of safety measures,
emergency plans and warning systems and man becomes a little fuzzy. All this you
can see it focused in many countries, including our country, because I can
personally say that the safety standards provided by the state, many of us do not
deliver.
Then I will make known some of the most disastrous that we and everyone we
have lived and of which I can remember personally:
1) Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan 8.9 which I think is most important in the
world.
This was caused on 11 Mar 2011 earthquake that rocked much of the east coast of
Japan had a magnitude of 8.9 degrees on the Richter scale, the largest in the
history of Japan, taking more than 5 000 people and hundreds of million loss in
Economics.
2) The Indian Ocean earthquake of 2004, which was also one of the most
striking, and one of the most recent.
Known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake was an
undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58 UTC, or 7:58 local time in the region
on Sunday, December 26, 2004 (21:58 hours coast West Pacific on Saturday
December 25, 2004), centered on the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. This
earthquake caused a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most
countries bordering the Indian Ocean.

7. The third case was important globally, and personally I can remember I have
to:
3) Earthquake in Qinghai China.
A strong earthquake in China's Qinghai Province, neighboring the Tíbelt, killed at
least 550 dead and 10,000 wounded. The earthquake destroyed hundreds of
homes and cut communications in the region, local authorities said.
The earthquake occurred in the province of Qinghai, neighboring Tibet in China.
According to the Institute of Geophysics of the United States, had a magnitude of
6.9 degree.
The latest report released states that are 400 dead and around 10 thousand
injured, the agency official New China. Following the quake, hundreds of houses
collapsed, roads and telecommunications were cut off were interrupted in this
Himalayan region.
PLEASE DO A RESEARCH OR AN INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE DIFFERENT
FORMS OF FUTURE
Future Forms
Then I will make known the future models that I know personally, I
can tell they are all forms that have taught me throughout my
student life.
The following are examples, applications and training for future forms
Will Verb (base form)
Examples:
It will snow tomorrow.
She won't win the election.

8. Used for predictions
Will Verb (base form)
Examples:
The concert will begin at 8 o'clock.
When will the train leave?
Used for scheduled events
Will Verb (base form)
Examples:
Will you marry me?
I'll help you with your homework after class
Used for promises
Will Verb (base form)
Examples:
I'll make you a sandwich.
They'll help you if you want.
Used for offers
Will Verb (base form)
Examples:
He will telephone as soon as he arrives.
Will you visit me when you come next week?
Used in combination with time clauses (as soon as, when, before, after)
Be going to Verb (base form)
Examples:

9. Frank is going to study Medicine.
Where are they going to stay when they come?
She isn't going to buy the new house afterall.
The future with 'going to' is used to express planned events or intentions. These
events or intentions are decided on before the moment of speaking.
NOTE
'Going to' or '-ing' are often both correct for planed events. 'Going to' should be used
for distant future intentions (example: He's going to study Law)
Be going to Verb (base form)
Examples:
Oh no! Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
Be careful! You're going to drop those dishes!
Used for future predictions based on physical (usually visual) evidence.
Present Continuous (be '-ing')
Examples:
He's coming tomorrow afternoon.
What are we having for dinner?
I'm not seeing the doctor until Friday.
Used for planned or personally scheduled events. Usually used with principle verbs
such as: come, go, begin, start, finish, have, etc.
NOTE
'Going to' or '-ing' are often both correct for planed events. 'Going to' should be used
for distant future intentions (example: He's going to study Law)
Simple Present
Examples:

10. The class begins at 11.30.
The plane leaves at 6 o'clock.
Used for scheduled public events such as train and plane schedules, course schedules,
etc.
Common future time expressions include:
next (week, month, year), tomorrow, in X's time (amount of time, i.e. two week's
time), in year, time clauses (when, as soon as, before, after) simple present (example: I
will telephone as soon as I arrive.) soon, later
Structure of the Forms
Future with Will
S + will + verb (base form) = positve
Examples:
I'll make you a sandwich.
They'll visit soon.
It'll rain tomorrow.
S + will not (won't) + verb (base form) = negative
Examples:
She won't come next week.
It won't take a long time.
We won't sing that song.
Will + S + verb (base form) = question
Examples:
Will you give me a hand?
Where will she stay?
When will we leave?
Future with 'going to'
Conjugate the helping verb "be" 'going to' verb (base form).

11. Examples:
You are going to stay with them.
She is going to visit Paul.
They are going to move soon.
Conjugate the helping verb "be" not going to verb (base form)
Examples:
I'm not going to stay very long.
We aren't going to visit our friends in Paris.
They aren't going to get a new job.
Question word conjugate the helping verb 'be' subject going to verb (base form)
Examples:
What are you going to do?
Where is he going to stay?
When are they going to leave?
Future with '-ing' (present continuous)
Conjugate the helping verb "be" and verb -ing.
Examples:
I'm meeting him tomorrow.
She's having lunch with Tom.
They're flying to Lisbon next week.
Conjugate the helping verb "be" not verb -ing.
Examples:
She isn't having a meeting tomorrow.
You aren't playing tennis this weekend.
They aren't going to the party.
Question word conjugate the helping verb 'be' subject verb -ing

12. Examples:
Are you attending the meeting on Friday?
Is he coming to the party?
Are they giving a presentation?
UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA ESTATAL DEL CARCHI
TOPIC:TASK 8. ROOM PROJECT ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT
DATE:17-05-2012
NAME: WILLIAM MORILLO
LEVEL: 6° ENGLISH
1. WATER 2.- WATER 3.- WHERE WATER 4.- WATER USES
ENVIRONMENT
1. - Water is the main and essential component of the human body, and the main
component to generate any kind or alive human being existing in the world.
2.- I can personally say that the water is in our environment where we live now and
throughout the world, including also plants, rivers, the forests, oceans and all living
things in the world. You could say that the aquatic environment is very broad and
very important in our lives, because through it all living beings can live and reproduce.
3. - We, human beings can find water in many parts of the world, this we have the
rivers, seas, lakes, mountains and even can be found in trees. As a result, the water is
in all places where we are, even water can be found in the deserts, but in smaller
quantities.

13. 4. - Water in our lives has a variety of uses such as washing our fruits and vegetables
that we eat, it is used for bathing or showering, serves to prepare our food, it is used
to give life to our plants and finally and more importantly serves to give a good
performance to our bodies.
PASSIVE VOICE
PLEASE WRITE AN ARTICLE ABOUT YOUR CAREER IN THE UPEC. IN WHICH
YOU USE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE PASSIVE VOICE
School of business administration and marketing
The career of business management and marketing will be Carreras is one of the most
important that the university has.
The School of Business Administration and Marketing, will be called is to give the answer
the Carchi need to promote its true development, through the incubation of small,
medium and large, and also by providing knowledge and cutting-edge skills delivered to
businesses and institutions to achieve these objectives has been selected in a rigorous
way the faculty, which transmits its scientific, technological and cultural knowledge a
youth eager to meet and achieving the goals set by our prestigious institution of higher
education.

14. Will the administration I can be defined as the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which people work in groups effectively reach selected goals. I think this
applies to all types of organizations whether they be small or large for-profit and
nonprofit, to manufacturing and service.
That's why my career in business administration and marketing is very important both
personally and corporately we will solve any problems that occur in our city and our
country.
Infinitive in a web link
1- Complete the sentences below with the right name of the object and
put the verb in the infinitive or gerund :
MICROWAVE OVEN , CELL PHONE, COMPUTERS, INTERNET, TELEPHONES,
IPHONE
Example:
DNA fingerprinting is (to be) used to identify
criminals.(identify)

15. a- A used for people ( call ).
cell phone is calling
b- used to
Computers are make
researches ( make ).
c- A used for photocopies ( take ).
fax machine is taking
d- The used to the weather
internet is read
report ( read ).
e- used for
IPHONES ARE making
music downloads ( make ).
f- A used to food. ( heat ).
microw ave is heat

16. g- A used for the weather
satellite is checking
around the world (check).
h- used to
telephones are
people conversations ( have ).
have

19. TAREA 2
Article using infinitives
ECUADOR ECONOMY
The economy of our country today is now of paramount importance since it is what
makes a country as economically and productively.
I can also say that the largest base of the economy of our country is the rich
biodiversity of the territory, population, together with the creation of public and
private companies, products offered, services provided and exports made to
different countries.
Considering the export products made by our country we can say is the most
excellent, as an important activity for the economy of our country.
Among the products exported and I have knowledge of them are:
Mainly we have oil, bananas, shrimp, seafood, coffee and cocoa, which help us to
improve our economy and are significant to us all.
In my view for us to increase our country's economy the state could make better
changes in world trade, one way in which export products to reach more countries,
in order to grow our economy, providing benefits all of us.

20. Other actions that intend to help the economy of our country are:
1. Distribution and marketing of oil to countries that can pay more per barrel
2. Proper administration of the Trans-Ecuadorian pipeline to increase revenue with
respect to all pipelines are there in our country.
3. I also think it was good to improve the actions taken at the offices of the country.
5. Expand and improve our country's Telecommunications
6. Finally, and as essential, more attention and greater concentration in relation to
electricity in the transmission and distribution aspects.
To conclude I can say that:
Our country in the world is a very important factor in everyone's life, as we have
diversity of wealth that many countries require them, that is why all the good
actions performed by our government will be reflected in the future.
Each of us expect our country to grow every day more and more because in the
future we will be rewarded in a good way and economically.
TAREA 3
News inventions
Tourism of Ecuador
In our country, Ecuador has many great tourist attraction areas that stand out for its
diverse culture and rich biodiversity, among these, the central mountains and the
Amazon, rich in wealth.

21. One of the areas that the most visited, is characterized by oil production, timber,
agricultural and ranching in the Amazon region, as for the Sierra region, we have a
crop, livestock and flower.
All these sectors are most preferred by tourists q coming to visit our country, more
and more the tourist population is growing, and this is very important to the economy
of our country, because if we increase the busiest tourists economical.
Among the most known and most visited touristically we have:
Laguna Toreadora. - From Cuenca takes about 40 minutes to get there.
Half the world in the city of Quito
In Guayaquil we have the boardwalk
Cemetery Tulcán
The Galapagos Islands
The beaches of the province of emeralds
All these places are well known to us by many Ecuadorians and tourists who have
visited our country.
TAREA 4

22. PASSIVE VOICE
PLEASE WRITE AN ARTICLE ABOUT YOUR CAREER IN THE UPEC. IN WHICH
YOU USE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE PASSIVE VOICE
School of business administration and marketing
The career of business management and marketing will be Carreras is one of the most
important that the university has.
The School of Business Administration and Marketing, will be called is to give the answer
the Carchi need to promote its true development, through the incubation of small,
medium and large, and also by providing knowledge and cutting-edge skills delivered to
businesses and institutions to achieve these objectives has been selected in a rigorous
way the faculty, which transmits its scientific, technological and cultural knowledge a
youth eager to meet and achieving the goals set by our prestigious institution of higher
education.

23. Will the administration I can be defined as the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which people work in groups effectively reach selected goals. I think this
applies to all types of organizations whether they be small or large for-profit and
nonprofit, to manufacturing and service.
That's why my career in business administration and marketing is very important both
personally and corporately we will solve any problems that occur in our city and our
country.
PLEASE DO A RESEARCH ABOUT THE OBJECT AND SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND
THE CONDITIONAL SENETNCES TYPE 2
PLEASE DO A RESEARCH ABOUT THE OBJECT AND SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THE
CONDITIONAL SENETNCES TYPE 2
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
we
you
they
OBJECT PRONOUNS
you
them
Remember that the 'subject pronouns' function as subject of the verb and 'object
pronouns' as a complement of the verb. Note that the 'object pronouns' is placed after
the verb:
SUBJECTI
I am English.

24. you
You don't like music.
he
He is going out.
she
She likes sport.
it
it is raining.
we
We live in London.
you
How old are you?
they
Where are they?
SUBJECT
me
You don't like me.
you
I'm following you.
him
Can I see him?
her
He likes her!
it
How do you spell it?

25. us
Come and see us.
you
I don´t know you.
them
He knows them.
Also used the 'object pronouns' follows the prepositions (for, with, etc.):
The call isn't for you. It's for her.
She's going out with me this evening.
He is speaking to them.
She lives near us.
We must be especially careful with pronouns it, they/them:
It can refer to animals, things and sometimes people:
It is a big black dog. I don't like it
It is a nice house. I like it.
As the subject 'empty', meaningless:
It's ten o'clock.
It´s raining.
To identify people:
Who's that?
It's MrFelida.
They/them can refer to people, animals and things:
There's Pat and Tom. They're talking.
There are the dogs. They´re running.

26. I hate parties. They're boring.
There's Pat and Tom. I like them.
I don't like dogs. I'm afraid of them.
I never go to parties. I don't like them.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
When you want to talk about a "possible" situation and results, you should use a
conditional clause. Look at these examples:
If people invite you to a party, they expect you to come properly dressed.
If I wear the green jacket, it'll go with my new shoes.
In this type of conditional sentences there is a real possibility that what happens in
them is expressed. There are basically two types of structures:
CLAUSULA CONDICIONAL
IF + present simple
CLAUSULA PRINCIPAL
present simple
Using this type of conditional sentence to talk about something that always happens.
It's like a law. In this type of condition if (if) has a similar meaning to when (when):
If you put water in a cooler, it freezes.

27. (= When you put water in a cooler, it freezes)
If you heat ice, it melts.
(= When you heat ice, it melts)
CLAUSULA CONDICIONAL
IF + present simple
CLAUSULA PRINCIPAL
WILL / 'LL / WON'T + infinitive
However, using this second alternative conditional sentence to talk about a possible
future outcome, that is, not quite sure:
If I wear the green jacket, it'll go with my new shoes.
If you don't study, you won't pass the FCE exam.
In these conditional sentences generally can use unless (unless) instead of the
structure if ... not (yes. .. not). notes:
Unless you study, you won't pass the exam.
(= If you don't study, you won't pass the exam)
(= Si no estudias, no aprobarás el examen)
Unless I wear clothes like theirs, my friends will think I'm a bit strange.
(= If I don't wear clothes like theirs, my friends will think I'm a bit strange)

28. The examples discussed above show you two different patterns of conditions for this
case. However, other combinations are also possible verb forms. Here are two
examples:
If you get the chance, visit Buenos Aires in spring.
If you're not nervous, why is your hand shaking?
The possible combinations can lead even modal verbs as in these three examples.
If you have finished, you may go.
>> MODAL VERB: may
If you're feeling ill, you ought to see a doctor.
>> MODAL VERB: ought to
If Mirta, Ricardo and Miguel could do those webs, they can do anything.
>> MODAL VERBS: could (past) - can (present)
DEAR STUDENTS ON THIS SECTION YOU HAVE TO SHARE YOUR IDEAS ABOUT
THE MAIN WISHES YOU HAVE IN YOUR LIFE

29. Principaldesires of my life
The desires I have in my life, this first meeting and get my engineeringdegree in
business administration and marketing, this being my first goal thatI have been
struggling year after year in recent years.
The second objective is to obtain primary and essential workaccording to my
experiences and knowledge, which I personally can developverywell and have
appreciation for the work you do against others.
Like any person, havingreceived its title and a steady job so I would like is to find my
better halfor my partner so I can make a home where there is lots of love
andunderstanding.
It concluded with these desires to bring before work and I would constantlybeat in any
area in which I know very well develop, and able to deal with anyproblems, obstacles
and difficulties always occur constantly in our dailylives.
This is all about my dreams and desires that I intend to achieve anticipationof future.
IMAGINE YOU WERE A FAMOUS PERSON (ANYONE) . TELL US WHAT WOULD YOU DO
IF YOU WERE THAT PERSON
If I were a celebrity would have been a very supportive person in front of the neediest
people of our country.

30. As a very famous person would make much money, where an amount of money that
you earn go toward the neediest people performing acts of solidarity such as health,
education and support programs caring for society.
A famous person to be loved and appreciated by people in the world, should make
solidarity aid to people who do not have financial resources and not much help from
the state, which is why my first point, one famous person would help the poorest
people.
Moreover when a celebrity I would link my project to help athletes who need a lot of
celebrities, such as to help raise awareness against the public and publicize its
sporting qualities they have and need expel those qualities that athletes have.

31. And if I were a celebrity would make my activities and actions responsibly and safely
without dirtying my name against the company, as many cases many of the famous
are not always appreciated by everyone in the world, and many of them perform
actions that are against the law and discredit his name, for this I would make things
the best way possible without my integrity and my personality is affected in some
way.
DEAR STUDENTS WRITE A FORMA LETTER TO ASK INFORMATION ABOUT THE
CONVENTION ADVERTISED HERE
Hello friends who make up the ADS Annual Convention - San Diego, California
My name is William MORILLO
First of all thanking you for the invitation to the annual convention held in San
Diego California, on the other hand I let them know that this kind of convention I found
very important since many people would be integrated which will have the opportunity
to meet and know more about them and their cultures, where I can say that I love to be
present in these types of events.
As another point of view I would like to know it's interesting that these seminars
are proposed for studying people like us, because the topics that you would help me to
know much to strengthen my knowledge and gain new experiences in the course of my
life.
But thinking clearly I like to attend this seminar next year because right now I find myself
with little time and with little money to pay for and attend this seminar, which for me is
very important and very interesting, basically the information that has given me I know
how important it would be to be present at this seminar.
Then I can say that with much more knowledge of this type of seminar I would be ready
and prepare me for next year, so you can attend these types of conventions.

32. We warmly thank the people that I have taken into account for this annual convention,
and I hope they understand my situations that I'm going.
Thank you very much.
WRITED OWN ANA RTICLE ABOUT A NEWS WHICH HAS HAPPENED RECENTLY
Resent some of the news I thought was very important to make it known is a story
that I personally lived and the whole city of Tulcán he lived with many problems and
difficulties. The news on the domestic gas, which many people in the city of Tulcán
struggled to get a gas cylinder.
These disadvantages experienced by some few months of this year, most recently
earlier this month of July was normal in the distribution of liquefied gas.
The distribution of cooking gas in my city of Tulcan border with Colombia, has
overcome the disadvantages, today there are now improved distribution of the oil.
The project of implementing smart cards in the city is in full swing and progressing
according to schedule established authorities.

33. I can let you know that the smart card project for gas distribution is focused on
supplying the needs of citizens and that there is a register in the provinces of Carchi,
mainly because in our city there is smuggling of gas, this being the first cause of this
problem.
As I could understand this high-impact news is that at the end to the gas distribution
was that for households with one to three members may receive two cylinders per
month, from 4 to 7 members, will account four cylinders per month, more than seven
family members will be given six cylinders per month. That's all I can give to know
about this news that was of great impact for all carchenses and especially for the city
of Tulcan.

34. TAREA 3: REPORTED SPEECH
DEAR STUDENTS PLEASE PERFORM YOUR OWN EAMPLES IN WHICH YOU EVIDENCE
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE REPORTED SPEECH IN COMANDS, REQUESTS AND
THE TWO KINDS OF QUESTIONS
Exercises:
1. "What did the dentist?" My brother asked 1. My brother asked me what the dentist told
me. him to do.
2. "Did you take pictures during your trip?" My 2. My teacher asked if I had taken pictures
teacher asked me. during my trip.
3. "What's in the bags?" Carlos asked. 3. Carlos's brother asked him what was in the
bags.
4. "Are you going to visit your mother?" My
father asked me. 4. My father asked me to visit my mother.
5. "Where have you been hiding?" Brenda's 5. Brian's father eagerly asked where he was
father asked impatiently. hiding.
6. "When will the results be announced?" 6. My colleagues at the University asked when
Asked my colleagues at the university. results are announced.
7. "Did he give the money at once?" My friend 7. My friend asked me if I had given the money
asked me. at once.
8. "Where is Mrs. Hawkins opened his third 8. Susan's mother asked me where Mrs.
bakery?" Susan's mother asked me. Hawkins had opened the third bakery.
9. "Where is your father now?" I asked Peter. 9. I asked Peter that his father was at that time.
10. "What will you do next year?" The teacher 10. The teacher asked Tom what he would do
asked Tom. next year.
11. "Who harms the piano?" My grandfather 11. My grandfather asked my brother who had
asked my brother. damaged the piano.
12. "When workers go on strike?" The 12. The journalist asked the leader when
journalist asked the leader. workers go on strike.
13. "Where did you go on the eve of 13. The neighbor asked my mother where he
Christmas'?" The neighbor asked my mother. had gone on the eve of Christmas'.
14. "What is the name of the lady?" Mr. James 14. Mr. James asked the clerk what the name
asked the secretary. of the lady was.

35. 15. "How far is your house?" The taxi driver 15. The taxi driver asked me how far it was my
asked me. house.
16. "Have you finished the exercises?" The 16. The engineer asked the students whether
engineer asked the students. they had completed the exercises.
17. "How many miles did you walk today?" 17. The coach asked me how many miles he
Coach asked me. had walked the previous day.
18. "What did the secretary asked?" Peter 18. Peter asked John what he had asked the
asked John. secretary.
19. "Why do you say he was too busy?" Asked 19. Susan Jennifer asked why she said she was
Jennifer Susan. busy.
20. "Where is the plane of Quito arrives?" The 20. The lady asked the stewardess on the plane
lady asked the stewardess. from Paris had arrived.
21. My father is in hospital. 21. Helen said her father was in the hospital.
22. Sue and Jim are getting married next 22. Carla said that Sue and Jim were getting
month. married next month.
23. I have not seen Bill for a while. 23. Andrea said she had not seen Bill for a
while.
24. I've been playing tennis a lot lately. 24. Anita said she had been playing tennis a lot
lately.
25. Barbara had a baby.
25. Johana said that Barbara had a baby.
26. I do not know what Fred is doing. 26. Mayra said he knew what Fred was doing.
27. Almost never out these days. 27. Carmen said she almost never left these
days.
28. I work 14 hours a day. 28. Andrew said he has worked 14 hours a day.
29. Carlos said he would tell Jim saw me and
29. I'll tell Jim I saw you. saw me.
30. You can come and be with me if you are 30. John said I could come and stay with it if I
ever in Tulcán. was ever in Tulcán.
31. Tom had an accident last week, but was not 31. Marco said that Tom had an accident last

36. injured. week but had not been injured or Tom had an
accident last week but was not injured.
32. I saw Jack at a party a few months ago, and 32. Luis said he had seen Jack at a party a few
he seemed fine. months ago and had seemed good or see Jack
... and he seemed fine.
Direct Speech
Play"I am going to London next week," she said.
Play"Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked.
PlayAlice said, "I love to dance."
PlayChris asked, "Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?"
ReportedSpeech
DirectSpeech ReportedSpeech
Present Simple Past Simple
"He's American" she said. She said he was American.
"I'm happy to see you", Mary said. Mary said that she was happy to see me.
He asked, "Are you busy tonight?" He asked me if I was busy tonight.
PresentContinuous PastContinuous
"Dan is living in San Francisco," she said. She said Dan was living in San Francisco.
He said, "I'm making dinner" He told me that he was making dinner.
"Why are you working so hard?" they asked. They asked me why I was working so hard.
Past Simple PastPerfect Simple
He told me they had gone to the movies last
"We went to the movies last night," he said.
night.
Greg said that he hadn't gone to work
Greg said, "I didn't go to work yesterday."
yesterday.

37. "Did you buy a new car?" she asked. She asked me if I had bought a new car.
PastContinuous PastPerfectContinuous
"I was working late last night," Vicki said. Vicki told me she'd been working last night.
They said, "We weren't waiting long." They said that they hadn't been waitinglong.
He asked, "Were you sleeping when I
He asked if I'd been sleeping when he called.
called?"
PresentPerfect Simple PastPerfect Simple
Heather said, "I've already eaten." Heather told me that she'd already eaten.
"We haven't been to China," they said. They said they hadn't been to China.
I asked her whether she'd worked there
"Have you worked here before?" I asked.
before.
PresentPerfectContinuous PastPerfectContinuous
"I've been studying English for two years,"he He said he'd been studying English for two
said. years.
Steve said, "We've been dating for over a Steve told me that they'd been dating for
year now." over a year.
"Have you been waiting long?" they asked. They asked whether I'd been waiting long.
PastPerfect Simple Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)
He said that he'd been to Chicago before for
"I'd been to Chicago before for work," he said.
work.
PastPerfectContinuous Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE)
She said, "I'd been dancing for years before She said she'd been dancing for years before
the accident." the accident.
Play"I'm 30 years old," she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
PlayDave said, "Kelly is sick." → Dave said Kelly is sick.
Play"We are going to Tokyo next week," they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
Play"I'll cut my hair tomorrow," Nina said. → Nina said she is cutting her hair tomorrow.

38. Modal Verbs
DirectSpeech IndirectSpeech
Will Would
John said he would go to the
"I'll go to the movies tomorrow," John said.
movies tomorrow.
She asked me if I would help her
"Will you help me move?" she asked.
move.
Can Could
Debra said Allen could
Debra said, "Allen can work tomorrow."
work tomorrow.
"Can you open the window, please?", he He asked me if I could open the
asked. window.
Must Hadto
My mom said I had to wear my
"You must wear your seatbelt," mom said.
seatbelt.
She said, "You must work tomorrow." She said I had to work tomorrow.
Shall Should
Tom asked if we should go to the
"Shall we go to the beach today?" Tom asked.
beach today.
She asked me what we should
"What shall we do tonight?" she asked.
do tonight.
May Might/Could
Jane said she might not be in class
Jane said, "I may not be in class tomorrow."
tomorrow.
"May I use the bathroom, please?" the boy The boy asked if he could use the
asked. bathroom.
THE CELL
The cell phone or wireless device is an electronic access and use network services or
mobile cell phone that exists in our country such as Ecuador Claro, Movistar and Prepaid

39. CNT. I can say that the cell in most Latin American countries because the service operates
through a network of cells, where each antenna signal repeater is a cell, although there
are satellite mobile telephone networks. Its main feature is its portability, which allows
you to communicate from almost any place where we meet. The main function of the
phones is voice communication, such as conventional telephone and video calls, and these
three factors that we currently have in our country.
The phones we use everyday in our lives, have advantages and disadvantages, which I will
make known then
Personally, I consider that there are more advantages you have, among which I list:
 Helps cut distances and stay in touch with people around the world.
 For portability, we can place people where they are immediately.
 Its low cost. Currently, there are phones that integrate video and audio programs
like Skype conference call where anyone in the world economic.
 I can combine multiple applications, such as text messages, voice messages, access
to social networks, camera, etc.
 When the mainstream media have been silenced, social networks via mobile
phones have helped to clear the truth.
 It's the best way to communicate instantly.

40. Among the disadvantages that may have cell phone use are:
 It can cause withdrawal, disconnection from reality and solitude
 High level of dependency
 Discourages physical activity and outdoor play can cause disinterest in other
forms of entertainment.
 You can broadcast obscene, harmful or aggressive comments to people.
 Health problems such as those mentioned at the beginning (more children)
Finally I can say that the phone has become an indispensable item in adult life and
increasingly among children. And it is not only a means to receive and answer calls,
smart phones now allow us to do many activities like web browsing, interaction in
social networks, chat, take pictures, record videos, etc..
FINAL PROJECT: ADMINISTRACIÓN

41. INTRODUCTION
Management is the corporate body responsible for making resources productive, that
is the responsibility of organizing the economic development that reflects the
essential spirit of the modern era.
People have plans and goals pursued by organizations and all kinds of feats achieved
for thousands of years. However, management theory is often considered a relatively
recent phenomenon that emerged with the industrialization of Europe and America in
the XXI century.
An organization is a social unit or group of persons formed primarily to achieve
specific objectives which means that organizations are proposed and built with
planning and is prepared to achieve certain objectives.
The administration has features such as universality, specificity, temporal unit,
instrumental value, extent of exercise, flexibility, among others that will be expanded
in this content, also have items such as: efficiency, effectiveness, productivity,
resource coordination, goals and social groups make it different from other
disciplines.
The administrative process comprising the interrelated activities of planning,
organizing, directing and controlling all activities involving human relations and time.
Business administration has five main variables which constitute the study are: task,
people, technology, environment and structure.
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of administration can be summarized as follows:
• Achieve efficient and effective as the objectives of a social organism.
Effectiveness. When the company achieves its goals
Efficiency. When achieved its objectives with minimum resources.
• It is allowing the company to have a broader perspective of the environment in
which it develops
• Ensure that the company produces or provides services.

42. ADMINISTRATION
The administration is defined as the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which people work in groups effectively reach selected goals. This
applies to all types of organizations whether they be small or large for-profit and
nonprofit, to manufacturing and service.
Finally the administration is giving way, consistent and constant organizations. All
organizations have people who are commissioned to serve you to achieve your goals,
called Manager, administrators, etc..
MANAGER
A manager is a person responsible for directing the activities that help organizations
to achieve their goals. The measure of the efficiency and effectiveness of a manager, is
the extent and scope to determine appropriate targets.
• Managers act through relationships that are two-way roads, a party is subject to the
other.
• Managers act through relationships that have implications that involve other people,
for better or for worse.

43. ADMINISTRATORS
They are individuals in an organization that steers the work of others. They also may
have some operational responsibilities. Can be divided into two groups:
• The operations are people who work directly in a job or activity and have no
responsibility for supervising the work of other employees.
• Managers direct the activities of other people.
Administrators turn a set of human, material, technical, monetary, time and space in a
useful and effective company.
They have a responsibility to take actions that allow people to make their best
contributions to group goals.
Administrators are classified as:
• The first line managers usually what we call supervisors.
• The control means may hold title as head of department or office, project leader, unit
manager, district manager, dean, bishop, or divisional manager.
Managers usually hold titles of vice president, president, chancellor, Managing
Director.
The main functions of administrator
Administrator functions are defined taking into account the relevant factors such as
manage: plan, organize, direct, coordinate and control. Administrative functions
include the elements of the administration is saying that the administrator

44. Plan: future evaluation and provisioning resources based on that.
Organization: provides the elements necessary for the operation of the company, can
be divided into physical and social.
Address: starts the organization. Its aim is to achieve the maximum performance
from employees, the benefit of the general business interests.
Coordination: harmonizes the activities of a company to facilitate the work and
results. Synchronize resources and activities in suitable proportions and adjusts
means to ends.
Control: Check that all stages march under the plan. The instructions and established
principles. It aims to identify the weaknesses and mistakes to correct and prevent
recurrence.
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT
The administration seeks to achieve objectives through people, using techniques
within an organization. She is the key subsystem within an organizational system.
Includes any organization and is a vital force that links all the other subsystems.
Within the administration are:
• Coordination of human, material and financial resources for effective and efficient
achievement of organizational objectives.
• Relationship of the organization with its external environment and respond to the
needs of society.
• Performance of specific functions such as setting goals, planning, allocate resources,
implement, and so on.
• Performance of various interpersonal roles, information and decision.

45. Management features
1. Universality. The administrative phenomenon occurs wherever there is a social
organism, because it must always be systematic coordination of media. The
Administration is taken for the same in the State, in the army, in the company, in a
religious society, etc..
2. Its specificity. The administrative phenomenon is specific, it can be a great
production engineer and a lousy administrator. The administration has specific
characteristics that allow us to be confused with other science or art. The
administration helpers from other science and technology, has characteristics that
give it its specific character, ie not be confused with other disciplines.
3. His unit time. Although distinguishable stages, phases and elements of
administrative phenomenon, it is unique and, therefore, at all times in the life of a
company are taking a greater or lesser degree, all or most of the administrative
elements. Thus, when making plans, does not thereby cease to command, control,
organize, and so on.
4. His unit hierarchy. All who have the character of leaders in a social organism,
participating in various degrees and forms, the same administration. Thus, in a
company form one administrative body, from the CEO down to the last butler.
5. Instrumental value. The administration is a means to an end, ie, is used in social
agencies in an efficient manner to achieve stated objectives.
6. Range of exercise. It applies at all levels of a formal body, for example, presidents,
managers, supervisors, etc. housewife.

46. 7. Interdisciplinarity. The administration uses the principles, processes, procedures
and methods of other sciences that relate to the work efficiency. It is related to
mathematics, statistics, law, economics, accounting, sociology, psychology, philosophy,
anthropology, etc..
8. Flexibility. The principles and management techniques can be adapted to different
needs of the business or social group.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCES
PLANNING Decision on business objectives
Definition of plans to achieve
Schedule of activities
ORGANIZATION  Resources and activities to achieve the objectives
 Bodies and charges
 Allocation of authorities and responsibilities
ADDRESS  Decision of objections
 Communication, leadership and motivation of
people
 Address to the objectives
CONTROL  Definition of standards for measuring performance
 Correct deviations and ensure that planning is done
Advantages of the Administrative Process
• It provides a conceptual framework.
• Provides foundation for the study of the administration to promote the
understanding of what the administration.

47. • are feasible contributions from other schools that can be used administrative and
best administrative contemporary thought.
• flexibility is obtained, although it is applicable to a variety of situations, the user is
given the necessary room to accommodate a particular set of conditions.
• flexibility is recognized and art of management and encourages the best way to use it
in a practical way.
• It provides genuine help to the practitioners of management. The pattern of the
process causes the manager to analyze and understand the problem and bring it to
determine the objectives and the means to achieve them.
• The management principles are derived, refined and applied and guidelines
necessary to serve as a useful administrative investigation.
• It stimulates the development of a particular philosophy of government, each of the
phases of your applications requires use values, beliefs and understanding of the
manager of the objectives, resources on which it operates.
CONCLUSION
• Professional management is not based on the property, if not the skills obtained
through knowledge and exploration.
• Manage tasks is to make the running in the best way possible, using available
resources to achieve the objectives
• Administration occurs in all types of organizations is not a work that is performed
only in companies or government agencies, management is required in churches,
prisons, taverns and mountaineering expeditions.
• The task of management is to interpret business objectives and translate them into
business action by planning, organizing, directing and controlling activities in the
various areas and levels of the company to achieve such goals.
• Administrators turn a set of human, material, technical monetary, time and space in
a useful and effective company and makes people with their work and produce
physical resources in order to achieve the objectives of the system.
• Efficiency is a vital part of the administration as regards the relationship between
resources and production. But the administration also has to get it to culminate the
activities, ie searching efficiency.

48. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
• Elementos básicos de la administración. [Documento en Línea].
Disponible:http://www.geoogle.com/organizacion/elementosbasicosdelaadministrac
iom/segunalgunosautores.htm [ Consulta: 2003, Abril ]
• Administración. [Documento en línea]. Disponible:
http://www.monografias.com-administracion.htm [Consulta: 2003, Abril ].
• Historia de la administración [Documento en línea]. Disponible:
http://www.geoogle.com/organización/historia de la administracion.htm [Consulta:
2003, Abril].
• De Welsch,Hilton& Gordon (1990). El proceso administrativo. [Documento
enlínea].Disponible:http://www.geoogle.com/organización/elprocesoadministrativo.
htm [Consulta: 2003, Abril ]Mexico: Mc Graw – Hill Book Company.
• :http://www.geoogle.com/elprisma.com.htm
• :http://www.monografia.com
• Koontz, Harold (1994. Administración una perspectiva global. (10 ª ed.)
México: McGraw - Hill Interamericana de México, S.A.