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Modelo de Investigación con Plantas Medicinales de
 la Amazonía para Demostrar su Valor Biológico y
                    Biomédico


                                                            HO
                                                                            OH

                                                                   O
                                                                       OH
                                                     H3CO
                                                            OCH3




               Manuel Sandoval Chacón, Ph.D.
  Centro de Investigacion de Productos Naturales de la Amazonia (CIPNA)
              Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS)
Porqué promover investigación en plantas
            medicinales?


• Demanda:
   70 millones de consumidores en USA
  y mas en los paises desarrollados
• Economía:
   Propiciar industria de transformacion
  en la Amazonia
Perú País megadiverso
La Amazonía Peruana
Andean Amazon Region
     Biodiversity
Marketing of plants in the Peruvian Amazon
Perspectivas de la Región Ucayali y el Corredor Amazónico
Ejemplo de Plantas Medicinales

•   Uña de gato     Caoba
•   Sangre de Grado Cedro
•   Matico          Copaiba
•   Abuta           Chuchuhuasi
•   Ajo sacha
•   Cassia quinquangulata
Orientación de la investigación
• Antioxidante
  – Envejecimiento
  – Stress oxidativo (radicales libres)
• Antinflamatorio
  – Intestinales
  – Articulaciones
• Anticancer
  – Estómago
  – Inhibir proliferación células cancerígenas
Proteins Regulated by NF-kB


Proinflammatory cytokines               Inflammatory enzymes
Tumor necrosis factor α                 Inducible nitric oxide synthase
Interleukin-1β                          Inducible cyclooxygenase-2
Interleukin-2                           5-Lipoxygenase
Interleukin-6                           Cytosolic phospholipase A2
Granulocyte-macrophage
   colony-stimulating factor            Adhesion molecules
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor    Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor   Vascular-cell adhesion molecule 1
                                        E-selectin
Chemokines
Iterleukin-8                            Receptors
Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α     Interleukin -2 receptor (α chain)
Macrophage chemotactic protein 1        T-cell receptor (β chain)
Gro- α , - β , and -γ
Eotaxin
Procesamiento/Transformacion
        Plantas Medicinales
• Micropulverizado
• Atomizado
• Liofilizado
Uña de Gato
Uncaria tomentosa Uncaria guianensis
Uña de gato
Uncaria tomentosa y Uncaria guianensis

• Tomentosides: Dos Nuevos Nor-triterpene
  glycosides
• 3,4 –Dehydro-5-carboxystrictosidine
• Oxindole and Indole alcaloides (18)
• Quinovic acid glycosides
• Polyoxygenated triterpenes
• Catechins
• Sterols
Contenido de alcaloides en Uña de gato




     1       3




                         6
         2

                             Uncaria tomentosa

                 4                     Uncaria guianensis
                     5
Actividad antioxidante de la
               Uña de gato


• Inhibición de peroxinitrito
∀ ↓ Peroxidación de lípidos
• Inhibición de radicales libres:
• DPPH, peroxilo, hidroxilo
Capacidad antioxidativa de la Uña de gato:
                              DPPH Test

                                  Uncaria tomentosa
                                  Uncaria guianensis
               100
                90
                80
                70
% Inhibition




                60
                50
                40
                30
                20
                10
                 0
                     0   1    3           10     30    100
                                  µg/ml
Actividad antinflamatoria de la
              Uña de Gato

∀ ↓ Expresión genética de iNOS
∀ ↓ Actividad de NF-kB
∀ ↓ Expresión de TNFα
∀ ↓ Síntesis de PGE2
Comparación de la actividad anti-TNF α de la
  Uncaria tomentosa y Uncaria guianensis

                        16000
                                                         U. tomentosa
                        14000                            U. guianensis
                        12000
     TNF alpha, pg/ml




                        10000

                        8000

                        6000

                        4000

                        2000

                           0
                                CTRL   LPS   1     10      100

                                                 µg/ml
Inhibición de peróxido de lípidos en cerebro de
                                         ratones
                                  80
                                        Uncaria tomentosa freeze-dried
                                  70    Uncaria guianensis freeze-dried
% inhibition lipid peroxidation




                                  60


                                  50


                                  40


                                  30


                                  20


                                  10


                                   0
                                         30                100              300   1000
                                  -10
                                                              Cat's claw, ug/ml
EMSA demonstration of nuclear binding of NF-kB in macrophages




  NF-kB binding




                     Control   LPS    LPS/UdG LPS/UdG UdG
                                     50µg/ml  100 µg/ml
Site of Anti-inflammatory Actions of Cat’s Claw and Infliximab
                                                           OXIDANTS
          Infliximab           TNFα
                                             IL-1β
                                                                        Cat’s
                                                                        Claw
      INFLAMMATION


                                                 NF-κ B - Iκ B

                                       NF-κ B                            IL-10
            TNF                                            Promoter      NO
        Th1 Cytokines                                      Region/
                                      mRNA                 DNA
        Chemokines
        Adhesion
        molecules
        COX2, iNOS

                        PROLIFERATION OR APOPTOSIS




Schematic depiction of the sites of action of Infliximab and Cat’s Claw
                  as anti-inflammatory agents
Uña de Gato protege inflamación intestinal



      INDO




       UdG




INDO + UdG
Uña de Gato protege la mucosa gástrica




Apoptosis
                          A                      B




TNα mRNA

                          A                      B
Uña de Gato Inhibe producción de PGE2 en
           macrófagos RAW 264.7

              6


              5
PGE2, ng/ml




              4
                                                   *
              3


              2


              1


              0
                  CTRL   Cat's claw   LPS   LPS + Cat's claw
Uña de Gato protege el ADN contra oxidantes
                   IEC18          END


     Control




Peroxynitrite
  300 µM




    UdG+PN
Nuevas moléculas aisladas de la Uncaria tomentosa




                                 Tomentoside B




Tomentoside A




                  Oleanan-type           Cyncholic Acid
                   triterpene             Glycosides
Mecanismos de protección de la salud demostrados con plantas
                       de la amazonía

• Uña de gato
• Sangre de grado
Sangre de Grado
Efecto de la Sangre de Grado en cicatrización de úlceras




            Control




          SdG, DF 102




          SdG, DF 104
Identificación de Sangre de Grado por HPLC
               Croton lechleri


                          SB303,
         Abs, 210 nm      25 µg/ml




                          SdG,
                          5 µg/ml
Sangre de Grado induce Apoptosis en células cancerígenas

               AGS                    HT29                    T84




 CTRL




  SdG
100 µg/ml
HPLC fractions of Croton lechleri
                  3.00
                                                                                   Comp 5
                  2.50

                  2.00
             AU




                                                              Comp 4
                  1.50

                  1.00

                  0.50

                  0.00
                                  5.00            10.00          15.00               20.00           25.00          30.00
                                                                     Time (min)

     1.80
                                                      Comp 4                                                                  Comp 5
     1.60                                                                   2.50
                             HO                                                                      HO
     1.40                                                   OH                                                                       OH
                                                                            2.00
     1.20                              O                                                                        O
     1.00                                    OH                                                                       OCH3
                                                                       AU




                                                                            1.50
AU




                    H3CO                                                                     H3CO
     0.80
                              OCH3                                          1.00                       OCH3
     0.60
     0.40
                             280.6                                          0.50                     280.6
     0.20
     0.00                                                                   0.00
            220.00240.00260.00280.00300.00320.00340.00360.00380.00                 220.00240.00260.00280.00300.00320.00340.00360.00380.00
                                      nm                                                                     nm
Quantification of ascorbic acid by HPLC: Camu camu project
Quantification of ascorbic acid in Spray Dried Camu camu
Investigaciones Futuras
Microarray Technology
Microarray Technology para Investigar el Valor Biomédico de
             Extractos de Plantas Medicinales
Proyecto de Genómica Funcional
  DNA Fingerprinting: Genetic variability of important
medicinal plants of the Peruvian Andean Amazon region
Microarray analysis in macrophages
     of mice treated with LPS
Affimetrix chip: 45101 probe sets
From this 9894 were regulated
                   Results




J. Leukocyte Biol. 79:1, 2006
Colaboradores

•   Juan Lao, Ing. M.Sc, UNAS
•   Vanessa Melchor, Ing. Ind. Alimentos, UNAS
•   Fausto Angeles, MD, Tingo Maria
•   Warren Rios, Ing. Recursos Naturales, UNAS
•   Helmut Calvay, UNAS
•   Heber Cornelio, UNAS
•   Johan Vela, UNAS
•   Daniza Dominguez, UNAS
Center for Research on
Amazonian Natural Products
         (CIPNA)
       Tingo Maria

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Ponencia Magistral del Ph.D. Manuel Sandoval Chacón

  • 1. Modelo de Investigación con Plantas Medicinales de la Amazonía para Demostrar su Valor Biológico y Biomédico HO OH O OH H3CO OCH3 Manuel Sandoval Chacón, Ph.D. Centro de Investigacion de Productos Naturales de la Amazonia (CIPNA) Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS)
  • 2. Porqué promover investigación en plantas medicinales? • Demanda: 70 millones de consumidores en USA y mas en los paises desarrollados • Economía: Propiciar industria de transformacion en la Amazonia
  • 5.
  • 6. Andean Amazon Region Biodiversity
  • 7. Marketing of plants in the Peruvian Amazon
  • 8. Perspectivas de la Región Ucayali y el Corredor Amazónico
  • 9. Ejemplo de Plantas Medicinales • Uña de gato Caoba • Sangre de Grado Cedro • Matico Copaiba • Abuta Chuchuhuasi • Ajo sacha • Cassia quinquangulata
  • 10. Orientación de la investigación • Antioxidante – Envejecimiento – Stress oxidativo (radicales libres) • Antinflamatorio – Intestinales – Articulaciones • Anticancer – Estómago – Inhibir proliferación células cancerígenas
  • 11. Proteins Regulated by NF-kB Proinflammatory cytokines Inflammatory enzymes Tumor necrosis factor α Inducible nitric oxide synthase Interleukin-1β Inducible cyclooxygenase-2 Interleukin-2 5-Lipoxygenase Interleukin-6 Cytosolic phospholipase A2 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Adhesion molecules Macrophage colony-stimulating factor Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Vascular-cell adhesion molecule 1 E-selectin Chemokines Iterleukin-8 Receptors Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α Interleukin -2 receptor (α chain) Macrophage chemotactic protein 1 T-cell receptor (β chain) Gro- α , - β , and -γ Eotaxin
  • 12. Procesamiento/Transformacion Plantas Medicinales • Micropulverizado • Atomizado • Liofilizado
  • 13. Uña de Gato Uncaria tomentosa Uncaria guianensis
  • 14. Uña de gato Uncaria tomentosa y Uncaria guianensis • Tomentosides: Dos Nuevos Nor-triterpene glycosides • 3,4 –Dehydro-5-carboxystrictosidine • Oxindole and Indole alcaloides (18) • Quinovic acid glycosides • Polyoxygenated triterpenes • Catechins • Sterols
  • 15. Contenido de alcaloides en Uña de gato 1 3 6 2 Uncaria tomentosa 4 Uncaria guianensis 5
  • 16. Actividad antioxidante de la Uña de gato • Inhibición de peroxinitrito ∀ ↓ Peroxidación de lípidos • Inhibición de radicales libres: • DPPH, peroxilo, hidroxilo
  • 17. Capacidad antioxidativa de la Uña de gato: DPPH Test Uncaria tomentosa Uncaria guianensis 100 90 80 70 % Inhibition 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 3 10 30 100 µg/ml
  • 18. Actividad antinflamatoria de la Uña de Gato ∀ ↓ Expresión genética de iNOS ∀ ↓ Actividad de NF-kB ∀ ↓ Expresión de TNFα ∀ ↓ Síntesis de PGE2
  • 19. Comparación de la actividad anti-TNF α de la Uncaria tomentosa y Uncaria guianensis 16000 U. tomentosa 14000 U. guianensis 12000 TNF alpha, pg/ml 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 CTRL LPS 1 10 100 µg/ml
  • 20. Inhibición de peróxido de lípidos en cerebro de ratones 80 Uncaria tomentosa freeze-dried 70 Uncaria guianensis freeze-dried % inhibition lipid peroxidation 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 30 100 300 1000 -10 Cat's claw, ug/ml
  • 21. EMSA demonstration of nuclear binding of NF-kB in macrophages NF-kB binding Control LPS LPS/UdG LPS/UdG UdG 50µg/ml 100 µg/ml
  • 22. Site of Anti-inflammatory Actions of Cat’s Claw and Infliximab OXIDANTS Infliximab TNFα IL-1β Cat’s Claw INFLAMMATION NF-κ B - Iκ B NF-κ B IL-10 TNF Promoter NO Th1 Cytokines Region/ mRNA DNA Chemokines Adhesion molecules COX2, iNOS PROLIFERATION OR APOPTOSIS Schematic depiction of the sites of action of Infliximab and Cat’s Claw as anti-inflammatory agents
  • 23. Uña de Gato protege inflamación intestinal INDO UdG INDO + UdG
  • 24. Uña de Gato protege la mucosa gástrica Apoptosis A B TNα mRNA A B
  • 25. Uña de Gato Inhibe producción de PGE2 en macrófagos RAW 264.7 6 5 PGE2, ng/ml 4 * 3 2 1 0 CTRL Cat's claw LPS LPS + Cat's claw
  • 26. Uña de Gato protege el ADN contra oxidantes IEC18 END Control Peroxynitrite 300 µM UdG+PN
  • 27. Nuevas moléculas aisladas de la Uncaria tomentosa Tomentoside B Tomentoside A Oleanan-type Cyncholic Acid triterpene Glycosides
  • 28. Mecanismos de protección de la salud demostrados con plantas de la amazonía • Uña de gato • Sangre de grado
  • 30. Efecto de la Sangre de Grado en cicatrización de úlceras Control SdG, DF 102 SdG, DF 104
  • 31. Identificación de Sangre de Grado por HPLC Croton lechleri SB303, Abs, 210 nm 25 µg/ml SdG, 5 µg/ml
  • 32. Sangre de Grado induce Apoptosis en células cancerígenas AGS HT29 T84 CTRL SdG 100 µg/ml
  • 33. HPLC fractions of Croton lechleri 3.00 Comp 5 2.50 2.00 AU Comp 4 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Time (min) 1.80 Comp 4 Comp 5 1.60 2.50 HO HO 1.40 OH OH 2.00 1.20 O O 1.00 OH OCH3 AU 1.50 AU H3CO H3CO 0.80 OCH3 1.00 OCH3 0.60 0.40 280.6 0.50 280.6 0.20 0.00 0.00 220.00240.00260.00280.00300.00320.00340.00360.00380.00 220.00240.00260.00280.00300.00320.00340.00360.00380.00 nm nm
  • 34.
  • 35. Quantification of ascorbic acid by HPLC: Camu camu project
  • 36. Quantification of ascorbic acid in Spray Dried Camu camu
  • 39. Microarray Technology para Investigar el Valor Biomédico de Extractos de Plantas Medicinales
  • 40. Proyecto de Genómica Funcional DNA Fingerprinting: Genetic variability of important medicinal plants of the Peruvian Andean Amazon region
  • 41. Microarray analysis in macrophages of mice treated with LPS Affimetrix chip: 45101 probe sets From this 9894 were regulated Results J. Leukocyte Biol. 79:1, 2006
  • 42. Colaboradores • Juan Lao, Ing. M.Sc, UNAS • Vanessa Melchor, Ing. Ind. Alimentos, UNAS • Fausto Angeles, MD, Tingo Maria • Warren Rios, Ing. Recursos Naturales, UNAS • Helmut Calvay, UNAS • Heber Cornelio, UNAS • Johan Vela, UNAS • Daniza Dominguez, UNAS
  • 43. Center for Research on Amazonian Natural Products (CIPNA) Tingo Maria