Pondering Piezo Particles

•

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Kiwan Park of HORIBA Scientific, presents an overview of Piezo Particles beginning with the discover by Jacques and Pierre Curie and stepping through some of today's applications from Igniters to Ultrasounds.

Education

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
1

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2
Pondering Piezo Particles
HORIBA Instruments Inc.
Scientific
Kiwan Park
5/10/2016

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 3
What we’ll talk about today
• Fun Facts
• The Fundamentals
• Applications
• The How's
• How is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) manufactured?
• How is particle sizing crucial?
1. Lead (IV) Oxide
2. Lead (II) Oxide
3. Lead Zirconate
4. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT): soft and hard
• Q&A

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 4
Fun Facts
• “Piezo", derived from the Greek piezein,
which means to squeeze or press
• It’s pronounced as pee-eh-zo, it has
nothing to do with a pie
• Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880
by French physicists Jacques and Pierre
Curie.
• Radioactivity was discovered by Marie
Curie, Pierre Curie’s wife
• 5 Nobel Prizes

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 5
The Fundamentals
• Direct piezoelectric current
• Inverse piezoelectric current
• Cyclic
+
_
Diskafterpolarization
+
_
(-)
(+)
+
_
(+)
(-)

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 6
Application – DPI
Piezo Actuator
De-agglomerated
particles
Sealed blister
Pierced holes
Inspiratory
air flow
Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Astma-medication.png
Dose counter
Thumb grip
Mouthpiece/dose release level
hidden inside the cover
Attached cover

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 7
Application – Ultrasound
CPU
backing material
power cable
piezoelectric
crystals
plastic
membrane
acoustic insulator
electrodes
metal case

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 8
Application - Igniter
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/0/02/Lighter_diagram.PNG
Mechanical
pressure
Piezoelectric
crystals
Flame
Gas
Nozzle
Electrical
current
Tire pressure monitoring
systems (TPMS) embedded
inside

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 9
How is PZT manufactured?
Pressed/sintered to various shapes (various resonance)
Spray-dry (e.g. PZT powder)***
Back to Milling**
Calcining (e.g. PZT)
Milling/blending**
Weighing per formulation
Incoming raw materials**
**Particle sizing required | ***Particle size and shape required
2-4Weeks

$© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 10 Measurement Method • Laser diffraction • Mie Scattering theory • Dispersion method: water with surfactant (e.g. 0.1wt% of Darven C or 0.1wt% of Sodium Pyrophosphate solution) • Refractive Index @ 650nm: 2.32-3.22 • RI is important for particles <50um (ISO13320)$

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 11
Lead (II) oxide
0
16
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0.010 50000.100 1.000 10.00 100.0 1000
0
100
20
40
60
80
q(%)
Diameter (µm)
Undersize(%)

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 12
Lead (II) oxide
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
D(v,0.9)
D(v,0.5)
D(v,0.1)
Before applying
ultrasonics energy 1min ultrasonics; fully
dispersed

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 13
Lead (IV) oxide

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 14
Lead Zirconate
1min ultrasonics
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
D(v,0.9)
D(v,0.5)
D(v,0.1)

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 15
Soft PZT / Hard PZT
• “Hard” PZT
 “hard” because its dipole or domain is restricted by composition.
 Can with stand high electrical, high temperature and
mechanical stresses.
 Used in applications when high power is required. E.g. welders,
ultrasound cleaners.
• “Soft” PZT
 “Soft” because dipole or domain isn’t restricted by composition
 Has high permittivity, high coupling, high Curie temperature.
 Used in applications when high sensitivity is required. E.g.
medical ultrasound, gas igniters.

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 16
Hard PZT
Hard PZT
Soft PZT

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 17
RI Assessment

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 18
Acknowledgment
Special thanks to Wayne Lee of Harris Corp for providing general
knowledge of the PZT manufacturing process
www.exelispzt.com

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 19
Q&A
Email us your questions:
Labinfo@horiba.com
Download this webinar:
http://www.horiba.com/us/en/scientific/products/particle-
characterization/download-center/webinars/
View our full range of particle characterization analyzers:
www.horiba.com/us/particle

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 20© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 20

© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 21
Danke
Grazie
Σας ευχαριστούμε
감사합니다
Obrigado
谢谢
ขอบคุณครับ
ありがとうございました
धन्यवाद
நன்ற
Cảm ơn
Dziękuję
Tack ska ni ha
Thank you
Merci
Gracias
Большое спасибо

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Pondering Piezo Particles

3. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 3 What we’ll talk about today • Fun Facts • The Fundamentals • Applications • The How's • How is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) manufactured? • How is particle sizing crucial? 1. Lead (IV) Oxide 2. Lead (II) Oxide 3. Lead Zirconate 4. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT): soft and hard • Q&A

4. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 4 Fun Facts • “Piezo", derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press • It’s pronounced as pee-eh-zo, it has nothing to do with a pie • Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880 by French physicists Jacques and Pierre Curie. • Radioactivity was discovered by Marie Curie, Pierre Curie’s wife • 5 Nobel Prizes

6. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 6 Application – DPI Piezo Actuator De-agglomerated particles Sealed blister Pierced holes Inspiratory air flow Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Astma-medication.png Dose counter Thumb grip Mouthpiece/dose release level hidden inside the cover Attached cover

8. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 8 Application - Igniter https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/0/02/Lighter_diagram.PNG Mechanical pressure Piezoelectric crystals Flame Gas Nozzle Electrical current Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) embedded inside

9. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 9 How is PZT manufactured? Pressed/sintered to various shapes (various resonance) Spray-dry (e.g. PZT powder)*** Back to Milling** Calcining (e.g. PZT) Milling/blending** Weighing per formulation Incoming raw materials** **Particle sizing required | ***Particle size and shape required 2-4Weeks

10. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 10 Measurement Method • Laser diffraction • Mie Scattering theory • Dispersion method: water with surfactant (e.g. 0.1wt% of Darven C or 0.1wt% of Sodium Pyrophosphate solution) • Refractive Index @ 650nm: 2.32-3.22 • RI is important for particles <50um (ISO13320)

15. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 15 Soft PZT / Hard PZT • “Hard” PZT  “hard” because its dipole or domain is restricted by composition.  Can with stand high electrical, high temperature and mechanical stresses.  Used in applications when high power is required. E.g. welders, ultrasound cleaners. • “Soft” PZT  “Soft” because dipole or domain isn’t restricted by composition  Has high permittivity, high coupling, high Curie temperature.  Used in applications when high sensitivity is required. E.g. medical ultrasound, gas igniters.

19. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 19 Q&A Email us your questions: Labinfo@horiba.com Download this webinar: http://www.horiba.com/us/en/scientific/products/particle- characterization/download-center/webinars/ View our full range of particle characterization analyzers: www.horiba.com/us/particle

21. © 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 21 Danke Grazie Σας ευχαριστούμε 감사합니다 Obrigado 谢谢 ขอบคุณครับ ありがとうございました धन्यवाद நன்ற Cảm ơn Dziękuję Tack ska ni ha Thank you Merci Gracias Большое спасибо

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