The document discusses police duties and responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that police must perform their regular duties while also ensuring their own safety and enforcing public health measures. Specific responsibilities mentioned include breaking up gatherings, using media to inform the public, and distributing rations while maintaining social distancing. The document provides guidance on how police can effectively communicate with the public and address crimes during the pandemic.
These slides cover topics on Rape and its effects, its treatment, laws, types, and some case studies. It also discusses about Consent and Molestation, Sexual Assault.
This document summarizes a call to action meeting held in Boston to discuss prevention of sexual assaults on college campuses. It provides statistics on sexual assault nationally and in Massachusetts. It also outlines goals and suggestions for improving policies around prevention, education, survivor support, and reporting of sexual assaults. Representatives from Boston colleges, police, and advocacy organizations discussed current prevention strategies and policies and ideas for future collaboration.
Domestic violence refers to any act of violence or abusive behavior committed by one partner against the other in an intimate relationship. It can take many forms, including physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. Domestic violence occurs globally but laws and social attitudes vary significantly by country. The abuse negatively impacts victims' physical and mental health and children who witness domestic violence also experience harmful effects. Survivors should seek help from support services and legal protections are available in many places to help victims escape domestic violence situations.
Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) occurs when a person is subjected to a sexual act while incapacitated by alcohol, drugs or other substances, unable to resist or consent. DFSA is underreported due to victim embarrassment or lack of recall. It has significant physical and psychological impacts on victims, including increased risk of STIs, PTSD, depression, and suicide. A public health approach focuses on prevention through education and awareness programs, as well as treatment of victims through coordinated health, legal and social support systems. Evidence collection is important for investigation and prosecution of DFSA crimes.
The document discusses sexual assault, including definitions, statistics, forms of assault, risk factors, and protocols for managing assault in Malawi. It provides background on sexual assault and its health effects. It then outlines forms of assault like rape, harassment, and child abuse. Risk factors for victims and perpetrators are identified. The management protocol describes examining victims, investigations, treatments, counseling, and referrals to support services.
The document is a presentation about sexual assault and harassment given by Zahra Dhanani from METRAC. It provides an overview of topics including definitions of sexual assault and harassment, social contexts, applicable laws, criminal justice processes, and other legal options. The presentation aims to provide accessible information about the law to help people make well-informed decisions.
This document summarizes the physical, reproductive, psychological, and health behavior consequences of sexual violence. It notes that rape trauma syndrome involves an acute stress reaction and long-term reorganization process. Common immediate physical impacts include injuries and symptoms like GI issues. Longer term, chronic pain and disability are risks. Reproductive impacts range from STIs to infertility. Psychological harms include PTSD, depression, sexual dysfunction, and increased risks of suicide and revictimization. Male victims also experience trauma but symptoms and impacts may differ from females.
This document defines human trafficking and discusses the role of healthcare providers. It begins by defining trafficking as involving force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficking can involve labor or sex. Healthcare providers may encounter trafficking victims since around 28-50% of victims will see a provider while still captive. The document recommends screening patients privately for signs of trafficking such as untreated infections, injuries or confusion/fear. The Affordable Care Act supports screening and treatment that can help identify and support victims.
These slides cover topics on Rape and its effects, its treatment, laws, types, and some case studies. It also discusses about Consent and Molestation, Sexual Assault.
This document summarizes a call to action meeting held in Boston to discuss prevention of sexual assaults on college campuses. It provides statistics on sexual assault nationally and in Massachusetts. It also outlines goals and suggestions for improving policies around prevention, education, survivor support, and reporting of sexual assaults. Representatives from Boston colleges, police, and advocacy organizations discussed current prevention strategies and policies and ideas for future collaboration.
Domestic violence refers to any act of violence or abusive behavior committed by one partner against the other in an intimate relationship. It can take many forms, including physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. Domestic violence occurs globally but laws and social attitudes vary significantly by country. The abuse negatively impacts victims' physical and mental health and children who witness domestic violence also experience harmful effects. Survivors should seek help from support services and legal protections are available in many places to help victims escape domestic violence situations.
Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) occurs when a person is subjected to a sexual act while incapacitated by alcohol, drugs or other substances, unable to resist or consent. DFSA is underreported due to victim embarrassment or lack of recall. It has significant physical and psychological impacts on victims, including increased risk of STIs, PTSD, depression, and suicide. A public health approach focuses on prevention through education and awareness programs, as well as treatment of victims through coordinated health, legal and social support systems. Evidence collection is important for investigation and prosecution of DFSA crimes.
The document discusses sexual assault, including definitions, statistics, forms of assault, risk factors, and protocols for managing assault in Malawi. It provides background on sexual assault and its health effects. It then outlines forms of assault like rape, harassment, and child abuse. Risk factors for victims and perpetrators are identified. The management protocol describes examining victims, investigations, treatments, counseling, and referrals to support services.
The document is a presentation about sexual assault and harassment given by Zahra Dhanani from METRAC. It provides an overview of topics including definitions of sexual assault and harassment, social contexts, applicable laws, criminal justice processes, and other legal options. The presentation aims to provide accessible information about the law to help people make well-informed decisions.
This document summarizes the physical, reproductive, psychological, and health behavior consequences of sexual violence. It notes that rape trauma syndrome involves an acute stress reaction and long-term reorganization process. Common immediate physical impacts include injuries and symptoms like GI issues. Longer term, chronic pain and disability are risks. Reproductive impacts range from STIs to infertility. Psychological harms include PTSD, depression, sexual dysfunction, and increased risks of suicide and revictimization. Male victims also experience trauma but symptoms and impacts may differ from females.
This document defines human trafficking and discusses the role of healthcare providers. It begins by defining trafficking as involving force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficking can involve labor or sex. Healthcare providers may encounter trafficking victims since around 28-50% of victims will see a provider while still captive. The document recommends screening patients privately for signs of trafficking such as untreated infections, injuries or confusion/fear. The Affordable Care Act supports screening and treatment that can help identify and support victims.
Investgation of rape and sexual assaultbegraj SIWAL
This document discusses sexual assault, including myths and realities. The key points are:
1) Most perpetrators of sexual assault are known to the victim, often family members, and it commonly occurs within families.
2) Victims experience significant physical, mental, and psychological consequences as a result of assault.
3) Common myths about sexual assault are often untrue, such as the idea that only strangers commit assaults or that victims will always report immediately.
4) Sensitive and supportive interview techniques are important for victims, avoiding re-traumatization and allowing them to share details in their own words.
Gender based violence_in_humanitarian_settings__a_practical_guidlines__by_dr_...Malik Khalid Mehmood
The document provides guidelines for interventions addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings. It defines GBV as any harmful act perpetrated against a person's will based on gender differences between males and females. The guidelines discuss key concepts around sex and gender, define GBV, and outline types of GBV such as sexual, physical, emotional, and economic violence as well as harmful traditional practices. Root causes of GBV are discussed as gender inequality, abuse of power, and lack of belief in universal human rights, while contributing factors include alcohol abuse, poverty, conflict, and impunity. Global statistics are provided on the prevalence of GBV in various countries.
Perceptions of the Social Consequences of Rape in EzinihitteMbaise, Imo State...AJHSSR Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined perceptions of the social consequences of rape in Ezinihitte-Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria. The study found that 20.3% of respondents viewed stigmatization as a consequence, while 18.6% cited withdrawal from social activities and 25.2% cited delay in marriage. However, the study concluded that stigmatization of victims can further traumatize them and serve as secondary victimization. It recommended sensitization campaigns to discourage stigmatization and reorient perceptions that the effects of rape are permanent.
This research proposal aims to study factors that lead to higher rates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses among African American men ages 18-24 compared to other groups. The researcher will conduct surveys and interviews with at least 100 men who have sex with men, including those of various races and socioeconomic backgrounds. Key research questions include examining differences in access to healthcare, levels of risk behavior, and how cultural and educational factors may influence HIV transmission patterns between racial groups. The goal is to better understand disparities and empower communities through more effective education and prevention strategies.
This research project aims to examine the family burden of people living with AIDS receiving treatment at BPKIHS. It will use an exploratory research design and survey 30 primary caregiver family members using interviews and assessments of family burden. The study hypothesizes that there will be no association between family burden and caregiver characteristics or social stigma. It seeks to understand the demographic profiles of PLWAs and their families, problems faced by caregivers, and the relationship between family burden and demographics. The results could help develop strategies to better support patients and reduce caregiver burden through education and policy changes.
This document discusses prevalence rates and characteristics of sex offenders. It notes that according to statistics, 40 million Americans visit internet porn sites monthly and over 60% of internet visits are for sexual purposes. Juvenile sex offenders comprise 25.8% of sexual offenses and commonly have histories of abuse, domestic violence exposure, learning disabilities and social deficits. The document contrasts old paradigms of sex offender treatment with new perspectives, and provides an overview of insanity defenses, competence evaluations, and other general legal rules regarding criminal responsibility.
SWK 597 Week 6. criminal justice and sexual offensesTAMUCSocialWork
This document discusses criminal sexual offenses and the sex offender registry in Texas. It defines various sex crimes like rape, sexual assault, prostitution, indecent exposure, and child pornography. It outlines the sex offender registry requirements in Texas and at the national level under SORNA (Megan's Law), requiring offenders to register for 10 years. The consequences of being placed on the sex offender registry are also noted.
Domestic violence occurs in all societies and affects people from all backgrounds. It can take many forms including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional and economic abuse. Laws have been enacted to help protect victims, especially women who represent the majority of victims. However, domestic violence often goes unreported due to social stigmas. Raising awareness and providing support to all victims is important to address this issue.
This document proposes a teen dating violence prevention program for Portland Public Schools. It begins by outlining the significant scope of intimate partner violence as a public health problem in the US and Oregon, noting that teens aged 18-24 are most at risk. A needs assessment of secondary data from surveys and agencies, and proposed primary data collection from schools via observations and surveys, is meant to identify the highest risk populations and schools. The document then describes adapting an evidence-based intervention called "Shifting Boundaries" for implementation in schools. It includes a mission/goals, implementation timeline, and evaluation plan utilizing a pre-test post-test design to measure changes in student beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and behaviors regarding healthy relationships. The goal is
Family mediation week 6 dv and mediation 2022MelanieKatz8
This document discusses domestic violence and its relevance to family mediation. It notes that abuse does not always end after separation and that there are safety risks to mediating cases involving domestic violence, including the potential for prolonged custody battles being used as a form of ongoing control. It also discusses screening procedures to help identify domestic violence during mediation and outlines some safe mediation practices, such as ensuring voluntariness, allowing support persons, and having separate meeting areas and arrival/departure times. The document emphasizes putting safety and protecting victims as the top priority in complex cases involving domestic violence.
This document provides an overview of the juvenile justice and child protective services systems in Texas. It discusses the objectives of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department and definitions used. It also explains the referral process for juvenile court, possible dispositions, and diversion programs in Dallas County. Additionally, it defines different types of child abuse, neglect, and trafficking. The document outlines the responsibilities of Child Protective Services and requirements for reporting abuse in Texas.
This document provides information on gender-based violence (GBV) risks for enumerators conducting displacement tracking matrix (DTM) assessments. It defines GBV and differentiates between sex and gender. GBV is rooted in gender inequalities and can be exacerbated by emergencies through new threats, lack of privacy, and shifts in power dynamics. While DTM enumerators are not responsible for direct GBV response, they should avoid creating additional risks and know how to refer survivors to specialized services. Mainstreaming GBV involves applying minimum standards to prevent harm.
The document discusses gender-based violence in Zambia. It describes Zambia's Anti-Gender Based Violence Act of 2011 which aims to eradicate GBV. It reviews reported GBV cases in Zambia and risk factors for GBV using an ecological framework. It finds that reported GBV cases are increasing, with women and girls most affected. It recommends strategies to prevent GBV including education programs, victim support services, and fully implementing and enforcing anti-GBV laws.
It is an outcome of state of art systematic review of literature. It provides insights about the cause, consequences and future concerns of violence against women in India
The students at the 12th Gymnasium of Peristeri, Athens invited members from the Counselling Centre for Women of Peristeri to discuss gender-based violence. The counselors presented statistics on gender-based violence and shared real stories of abused women. They discussed different types of gender-based violence, including in relationships with peers, partners, family and the community. The counselors noted that gender-based violence is increasing in Greece and their region of Peristeri during the economic crisis. Victims of violence are often too afraid or ashamed to report the abuse.
Ethical issues of hiv and aids in healthBabli Gupta
This document discusses several ethical issues related to HIV/AIDS in healthcare. It outlines how HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or from mother to child during pregnancy. While social stigma remains, transmission requires intimate contact and is not possible through everyday interactions like shaking hands or sharing facilities. The document then examines ethics issues such as disclosure of HIV status, disability rights, access to resources for treatment, employment discrimination, dissatisfaction with medical care, high suicide rates, duty to warn partners, and counseling best practices including helping clients address disclosure concerns, coping with treatment challenges, and engaging in risk reduction.
The document discusses the Center's workshops and advocacy efforts regarding violence prevention and breast cancer awareness. It also outlines PAAVE's training program and definitions of sexual assault, consent, statistics on victimization, the effects of assault on victims, and ways to rethink violence and coercion.
Group 6, assessment of abuse in elderly patients presentationangeleyesbblue
This document discusses elder abuse, which affects 1 in 10 older adults each year. Elder abuse includes neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, and psychological abuse. Some signs of elder abuse are unusual or unexplained fractures, decubitus ulcers, unusual bruises, and unusual burns. Healthcare providers should screen older adult patients for abuse when alone using questions about safety, medications, finances, and physical harm. Resources for reporting elder abuse include Adult Protective Services and the Long Term Care Resident Protection.
Domestic Violence for Health Professionals 101georgifisher
This document provides an overview of domestic violence, including definitions, types of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), populations affected, and barriers to leaving an abusive relationship. It defines domestic violence as a pattern of behaviors used to maintain power and control over an intimate partner. The types of abuse discussed include physical violence, emotional abuse, and sexual assault. Special populations at risk and statistics on abuse among various groups are also presented. Common characteristics of abusers and theories of the cycle and power/control dynamics of domestic violence are reviewed. The summary concludes with a case example highlighting the importance of screening for domestic violence in healthcare settings.
This presentation talks on various information about HIV & AIDS from the basic stuff to detailed information as well as a video to show how the regular medicines given to patients help reduce the time of them dying faster hence summarizing the entire presentation.
This document discusses domestic violence, including its definition, types, cultural considerations, effects, and prevention strategies. It explores physical, verbal, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. The cycle of abuse and factors influencing violent behavior are examined. The role of government, NGOs, and media in raising awareness and preventing domestic violence is covered, along with healthcare professional responsibilities in identifying and counseling victims.
Investgation of rape and sexual assaultbegraj SIWAL
This document discusses sexual assault, including myths and realities. The key points are:
1) Most perpetrators of sexual assault are known to the victim, often family members, and it commonly occurs within families.
2) Victims experience significant physical, mental, and psychological consequences as a result of assault.
3) Common myths about sexual assault are often untrue, such as the idea that only strangers commit assaults or that victims will always report immediately.
4) Sensitive and supportive interview techniques are important for victims, avoiding re-traumatization and allowing them to share details in their own words.
Gender based violence_in_humanitarian_settings__a_practical_guidlines__by_dr_...Malik Khalid Mehmood
The document provides guidelines for interventions addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings. It defines GBV as any harmful act perpetrated against a person's will based on gender differences between males and females. The guidelines discuss key concepts around sex and gender, define GBV, and outline types of GBV such as sexual, physical, emotional, and economic violence as well as harmful traditional practices. Root causes of GBV are discussed as gender inequality, abuse of power, and lack of belief in universal human rights, while contributing factors include alcohol abuse, poverty, conflict, and impunity. Global statistics are provided on the prevalence of GBV in various countries.
Perceptions of the Social Consequences of Rape in EzinihitteMbaise, Imo State...AJHSSR Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined perceptions of the social consequences of rape in Ezinihitte-Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria. The study found that 20.3% of respondents viewed stigmatization as a consequence, while 18.6% cited withdrawal from social activities and 25.2% cited delay in marriage. However, the study concluded that stigmatization of victims can further traumatize them and serve as secondary victimization. It recommended sensitization campaigns to discourage stigmatization and reorient perceptions that the effects of rape are permanent.
This research proposal aims to study factors that lead to higher rates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses among African American men ages 18-24 compared to other groups. The researcher will conduct surveys and interviews with at least 100 men who have sex with men, including those of various races and socioeconomic backgrounds. Key research questions include examining differences in access to healthcare, levels of risk behavior, and how cultural and educational factors may influence HIV transmission patterns between racial groups. The goal is to better understand disparities and empower communities through more effective education and prevention strategies.
This research project aims to examine the family burden of people living with AIDS receiving treatment at BPKIHS. It will use an exploratory research design and survey 30 primary caregiver family members using interviews and assessments of family burden. The study hypothesizes that there will be no association between family burden and caregiver characteristics or social stigma. It seeks to understand the demographic profiles of PLWAs and their families, problems faced by caregivers, and the relationship between family burden and demographics. The results could help develop strategies to better support patients and reduce caregiver burden through education and policy changes.
This document discusses prevalence rates and characteristics of sex offenders. It notes that according to statistics, 40 million Americans visit internet porn sites monthly and over 60% of internet visits are for sexual purposes. Juvenile sex offenders comprise 25.8% of sexual offenses and commonly have histories of abuse, domestic violence exposure, learning disabilities and social deficits. The document contrasts old paradigms of sex offender treatment with new perspectives, and provides an overview of insanity defenses, competence evaluations, and other general legal rules regarding criminal responsibility.
SWK 597 Week 6. criminal justice and sexual offensesTAMUCSocialWork
This document discusses criminal sexual offenses and the sex offender registry in Texas. It defines various sex crimes like rape, sexual assault, prostitution, indecent exposure, and child pornography. It outlines the sex offender registry requirements in Texas and at the national level under SORNA (Megan's Law), requiring offenders to register for 10 years. The consequences of being placed on the sex offender registry are also noted.
Domestic violence occurs in all societies and affects people from all backgrounds. It can take many forms including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional and economic abuse. Laws have been enacted to help protect victims, especially women who represent the majority of victims. However, domestic violence often goes unreported due to social stigmas. Raising awareness and providing support to all victims is important to address this issue.
This document proposes a teen dating violence prevention program for Portland Public Schools. It begins by outlining the significant scope of intimate partner violence as a public health problem in the US and Oregon, noting that teens aged 18-24 are most at risk. A needs assessment of secondary data from surveys and agencies, and proposed primary data collection from schools via observations and surveys, is meant to identify the highest risk populations and schools. The document then describes adapting an evidence-based intervention called "Shifting Boundaries" for implementation in schools. It includes a mission/goals, implementation timeline, and evaluation plan utilizing a pre-test post-test design to measure changes in student beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and behaviors regarding healthy relationships. The goal is
Family mediation week 6 dv and mediation 2022MelanieKatz8
This document discusses domestic violence and its relevance to family mediation. It notes that abuse does not always end after separation and that there are safety risks to mediating cases involving domestic violence, including the potential for prolonged custody battles being used as a form of ongoing control. It also discusses screening procedures to help identify domestic violence during mediation and outlines some safe mediation practices, such as ensuring voluntariness, allowing support persons, and having separate meeting areas and arrival/departure times. The document emphasizes putting safety and protecting victims as the top priority in complex cases involving domestic violence.
This document provides an overview of the juvenile justice and child protective services systems in Texas. It discusses the objectives of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department and definitions used. It also explains the referral process for juvenile court, possible dispositions, and diversion programs in Dallas County. Additionally, it defines different types of child abuse, neglect, and trafficking. The document outlines the responsibilities of Child Protective Services and requirements for reporting abuse in Texas.
This document provides information on gender-based violence (GBV) risks for enumerators conducting displacement tracking matrix (DTM) assessments. It defines GBV and differentiates between sex and gender. GBV is rooted in gender inequalities and can be exacerbated by emergencies through new threats, lack of privacy, and shifts in power dynamics. While DTM enumerators are not responsible for direct GBV response, they should avoid creating additional risks and know how to refer survivors to specialized services. Mainstreaming GBV involves applying minimum standards to prevent harm.
The document discusses gender-based violence in Zambia. It describes Zambia's Anti-Gender Based Violence Act of 2011 which aims to eradicate GBV. It reviews reported GBV cases in Zambia and risk factors for GBV using an ecological framework. It finds that reported GBV cases are increasing, with women and girls most affected. It recommends strategies to prevent GBV including education programs, victim support services, and fully implementing and enforcing anti-GBV laws.
It is an outcome of state of art systematic review of literature. It provides insights about the cause, consequences and future concerns of violence against women in India
The students at the 12th Gymnasium of Peristeri, Athens invited members from the Counselling Centre for Women of Peristeri to discuss gender-based violence. The counselors presented statistics on gender-based violence and shared real stories of abused women. They discussed different types of gender-based violence, including in relationships with peers, partners, family and the community. The counselors noted that gender-based violence is increasing in Greece and their region of Peristeri during the economic crisis. Victims of violence are often too afraid or ashamed to report the abuse.
Ethical issues of hiv and aids in healthBabli Gupta
This document discusses several ethical issues related to HIV/AIDS in healthcare. It outlines how HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or from mother to child during pregnancy. While social stigma remains, transmission requires intimate contact and is not possible through everyday interactions like shaking hands or sharing facilities. The document then examines ethics issues such as disclosure of HIV status, disability rights, access to resources for treatment, employment discrimination, dissatisfaction with medical care, high suicide rates, duty to warn partners, and counseling best practices including helping clients address disclosure concerns, coping with treatment challenges, and engaging in risk reduction.
The document discusses the Center's workshops and advocacy efforts regarding violence prevention and breast cancer awareness. It also outlines PAAVE's training program and definitions of sexual assault, consent, statistics on victimization, the effects of assault on victims, and ways to rethink violence and coercion.
Group 6, assessment of abuse in elderly patients presentationangeleyesbblue
This document discusses elder abuse, which affects 1 in 10 older adults each year. Elder abuse includes neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, and psychological abuse. Some signs of elder abuse are unusual or unexplained fractures, decubitus ulcers, unusual bruises, and unusual burns. Healthcare providers should screen older adult patients for abuse when alone using questions about safety, medications, finances, and physical harm. Resources for reporting elder abuse include Adult Protective Services and the Long Term Care Resident Protection.
Domestic Violence for Health Professionals 101georgifisher
This document provides an overview of domestic violence, including definitions, types of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), populations affected, and barriers to leaving an abusive relationship. It defines domestic violence as a pattern of behaviors used to maintain power and control over an intimate partner. The types of abuse discussed include physical violence, emotional abuse, and sexual assault. Special populations at risk and statistics on abuse among various groups are also presented. Common characteristics of abusers and theories of the cycle and power/control dynamics of domestic violence are reviewed. The summary concludes with a case example highlighting the importance of screening for domestic violence in healthcare settings.
This presentation talks on various information about HIV & AIDS from the basic stuff to detailed information as well as a video to show how the regular medicines given to patients help reduce the time of them dying faster hence summarizing the entire presentation.
This document discusses domestic violence, including its definition, types, cultural considerations, effects, and prevention strategies. It explores physical, verbal, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. The cycle of abuse and factors influencing violent behavior are examined. The role of government, NGOs, and media in raising awareness and preventing domestic violence is covered, along with healthcare professional responsibilities in identifying and counseling victims.
This document provides information on medicolegal approaches to victims of sexual offenses. It defines various types of sexual offenses according to Sri Lankan law, including rape, incest, unnatural offenses, acts of gross indecency, and sexual harassment. For rape victims, the document outlines important aspects to assess such as injuries, pregnancy risk, and psychological trauma. It emphasizes taking a sensitive history from victims in their own words to guide examination and management, while avoiding re-traumatization. The history should establish the details of the incident, including when, where, how it occurred and identifying any assailants or witnesses when possible.
ANNOTATION
Bullyingjpc_1769 140..141
Kenneth P Nunn
Bronte Adolescent Intensive Care Mental Health Unit, The Forensic Hospital, Malabar, New South Wales, Australia
Key words: bullying; sensitive children; victims.
The invitation to write this paper raised a number of difficulties
for me. I was aware, of course, that what was in the frame of
discussion was the behaviour of children. Secondly, the major
focus is on the protection of anxious children from other chil-
dren with conduct difficulties or just garden-variety playground
insensitivity. There are some excellent websites that address
these issues1 and some recent Finnish longitudinal research2,3
that is the first of its kind, which broadly summarised says the
following:
1 There is a substantial increase in psychopathology in both
young men and women almost two decades after being fre-
quently bullied at age 8 years, with anxiety disorders,
depression and conduct disorder, all increased.
2 There is a substantial increase in psychopathology for both
young men and women almost two decades after doing the
bullying at age 8 years.
3 There is a substantial increase in suicide attempts and com-
pleted suicide in young adult women who have been fre-
quently bullied even after adjusting for depression and
conduct disorder.
4 There were increased rates of suicide and attempted suicide
in young men (including bullies, victims and boys who were
both bullies and victims at age 8 years), but the increase
disappeared when depression and conduct disorder were
taken into account.
There are at least five main emphases in the management of
bullying, which include the following:
1 Special targeting of girls who are frequently victimised for
prevention programmes may reduce completed suicide in
young adult women by up to 10%.3
2 Teaching children ways to avoid being bullied is likely to
be more effective than attempting to reducing bullying
behaviour.4
3 Teaching problem-solving skills and positive interaction skills
are likely to be as, or more, helpful than programmes that
emphasise rules and consequences to discourage bullying.4
4 Most interventions help a little if implemented thoroughly.
Most are not implemented thoroughly.
5 Cyber bullying must now be considered as part of the spec-
trum of bullying behaviour.1
However, I would like to be strategically obtuse for a moment
in order to address the problem without respect to children
alone and without the inevitable recourse to vulnerable targets
and less obviously, vulnerable perpetrators. These areas have
been discussed for so long in the literature and in the popular
wisdom that I do not believe I have anything new to offer.
Over the last 3 years, I have been working in the juvenile
detention centres in New South Wales, where around 400 chil-
dren at any one time, aged 10–18 years, are detained on remand
or with custodial orders. Over 90% are male and 50–60% indig-
enous. Those 20% with severe mental illness have an almost
90% recidivi.
Virginity is important for both boys and girls for social, emotional, and physical reasons according to the document. Staying a virgin until marriage keeps one free from exploitation, guilt, disease, and unwanted pregnancy. One should know their values regarding virginity, value it for their own good and future spouse, and act in ways that uphold those values such as choosing friends with similar standards and avoiding dangers and temptations. The document also discusses sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, their symptoms and how to prevent transmission through abstinence and safe practices regarding blood donation, medical procedures, and needle sharing. The Philippine government addresses STI/HIV prevention and control through laws on AIDS education, anonymous testing, and safe blood donation.
Proposal Sample for research Armatures/beginnersSamuel Trinity
This document provides an introduction and literature review on HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness among adolescents. It discusses how HIV attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS. Rates of HIV are increasing among youth due to risk behaviors like unprotected sex and needle sharing. Adolescents often lack sexual education and engagement in risky acts. The study aims to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among high school students in Baguio City, Philippines to inform policy. A survey will be administered to students to understand their awareness and identify information gaps. The Health Belief Model will guide the research. The literature review covers topics like adolescent development, sexual and reproductive health challenges faced by youth, and parent-child relationships.
This document defines epidemiology and its key components. It explains that epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. It defines determinants as events, characteristics, or risks that can change health, and distribution as the frequency and pattern of health factors in a population. The document also provides examples of determinants like sex, age, and behaviors. It explains surveillance collects health data for assessment and evaluation of health practices.
The document discusses how proper hand washing is important for preventing the spread of infections, as most people do not wash their hands correctly. It explains that bacteria and viruses can cause different types of infections, including systemic infections that affect multiple body parts. Locations like hospitals are also prone to infections, as nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections can develop in patients after being admitted for medical care.
CHAPTER 15 Sexually Transmitted Infections FEATURES · Global D.docxcravennichole326
CHAPTER 15 Sexually Transmitted Infections
FEATURES
· Global Dimensions STIs Around the world
· Communication Dimensions Talking with a Partner About STI Prevention
· Multicultural Dimensions STIs and Minorities
· Ethical Dimensions Notifying Partners About STIs
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
· 1 Define STIs and SRDs, describe how are they transmitted, and discuss the reasons for their prevalence.
· 2 Discuss the bacterially based STIs, including incidence, transmission, symptoms and complications, and diagnosis and treatment.
· 3 Discuss the virally based STIs, including incidence, transmission, symptoms and complications, and diagnosis and treatment.
· 4 Discuss the ectoparasitic infestations, including transmission, symptoms and complications, and diagnosis and treatment.
· 5 Describe ways that STIs and SRDs can be prevented.
go.jblearning.com/dimensions5e
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Bacterial Infections
Viral Infections
INTRODUCTION
Jessica was enrolled in one of our human sexuality classes. One day after class, she asked whether she could stop in during office hours to discuss something “private.” Over the years, we have learned that “private” can mean many things: a student just found out she is pregnant, is being abused by a romantic partner, or is concerned about a sexual disorder. In Jessica’s case, though, it was a concern that she might have an STI.
Jessica went on to describe a sexual encounter with Rodney that culminated in penile-vaginal sex. Shortly afterward, Jessica noticed a rash on her inner thighs and became alarmed. As soon as she described her concern about having contracted an STI, I knew I would have to refer Jessica to a clinician at the campus health center for testing and diagnosis. I am an educator, not a medical doctor, and I know my limitations. Still, I could not refer her immediately for fear that she would think I was uninterested and be disinclined to discuss with me other concerns she might have in the future. Consequently, we discussed the reasons for her concern—the rash appeared, Rodney had not used a condom, they had not employed any other method of birth control, she met Rodney only the week before at a party and she did not really know him well—and we explored any other symptoms she described. Although I did not feel qualified to discuss whether Jessica had an STI, I did take advantage of our private time together to talk about the wisdom of coitus without the use of a condom and/or any other method of birth control and explored with her the decision to engage in coitus with someone she had only recently met.
It turned out that all Jessica had was a rash caused by nylon underpants she wore during her weekly jog. The relief on her face said it all, and I doubt that Jessica forgot that scare the next time she was faced with a decision regarding whether to engage in sex. That is not to say that she will refrain or become abstinent, although those are certainly possibilities and decisi ...
BREAKING THE SILENCE AROUND SEXTORTION: THE LINKS BETWEEN POWER, SEX AND C...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Sexual extortion or “sextortion” occurs when those entrusted with power use it to sexually exploit those dependent on that power. It is a gendered form of corruption that occurs in both developed and developing countries, affecting children and adults, vulnerable individuals (such as undocumented migrants crossing borders) and established professionals. While evidence shows that women are disproportionally targeted, men, transgender and gender non-conforming people are also affected.
Sextortion has long been a silent form of corruption, hiding in plain view. Until recently, it was never discussed or recognised as a distinct phenomenon within either the corruption framework or the framework of gender-based violence. Lacking a name, sextortion remained largely invisible, and few research projects, laws or strategies were developed to address it. Barriers to reporting sextortion and obtaining effective redress further contributed to its low profile. As a result, researchers have failed to ask survivors/victims the right questions to properly understand sextortion; statistical systems lack the appropriate categories to register the few cases that go to court, and complaints have been poorly handled. The result has been that survivors/victims have largely been denied justice.
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This document discusses several topics related to human sexuality and sexually transmitted infections:
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The document discusses how to prevent sexual assault and the resources available to help victims. It outlines the different types of sexual assault and risk factors. It describes how to report an assault and the services provided by Mercy Hospital's Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) program, including free confidential exams, evidence collection, treatment, and referrals. The summary also lists several agencies in Rock County that provide 24/7 crisis support and advocacy services to sexual assault victims.
Gender Studies: Areas of Gender Discrimination Domestic Violence and its Classification. Kinds of Sexual Abuse. Sexual Harassment and situation of Harassment Types of Harassment Forms of harassment with Relationship
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable summarizing or analyzing a document containing graphic criminal content without meaningful context or purpose.
Minna Joki-Erkkilä: Child sexual abuse - short overall objectives and proposa...THL
Minna Joki-Erkkilä, PhD, MD, Tampere University Hospital, at Supporting Non-violent and Participatory Childhoods, EU side event, 26 Nov 2019, THL, Helsinki
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The Fraud Examiner’s Report –
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How To Check SIM Owner Name And CNIC Of Any Mobile Number
Thanks to the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority’s (PTA) online verification facilities, obtaining SIM owner information has become much easier. Here’s how to find the CNIC and SIM owner details by number:
Compose an SMS to 667: Open a new message on your SIM card and write “MNP”.
Send the SMS: Send this message to the shortcode 667.
Receive Information: Wait for a reply. A message containing the name of the SIM owner associated with the specific SIM number will be sent to you.
Additionally, you can visit or call your network service provider’s local customer care center to confirm the SIM registration status and owner’s name. This simplified procedure eliminates the need for extensive documentation and offers a convenient way to obtain necessary SIM details in Pakistan.
Check SIM Owner Details With Name Online
In Pakistan, there are various Android apps and software solutions available to check the SIM owner’s name by mobile number online. However, it is important to note that most of these apps have not been approved by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), and their use is not recommended. If you choose to use these apps, proceed with caution. Remember, the current law only permits the registration of five SIMs under one identity.
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To check Jazz SIM owner name and details online, follow these steps:
Open the Messaging App: On your mobile phone, open the messaging app.
Create a New Message: Type “667” in the recipient field.
Write the Message: Type “MNP” in the message body.
Send the Message: Send the message using your Jazz SIM.
Wait for a Response: You will receive a message containing the SIM owner’s name and CNIC number associated with the Jazz SIM you are using.
Terms:
Codes can change at any time. Check the Jazz website if the code above has an error.
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Police duties in covid 19 period
1. Dr. Naeem Zeeshan Shaikh
(M.Sc, MD-AM/ UNPM)
Criminologist, Gender Mainstreaming Expert
Former Chief Law Instructor, Police College, Karachi
National Training Consultant, UNODC
Karachi, Pakistan
2. Module # Details
1 Introduction and objectives
2 Corona virus pandemic
3 Types of Crimes
3.1 Cognizable Crimes
3.2 Non-Cognizable Crimes
4 Sex and Gender
5 Gender Based Violence
6 Police Duties and Responsibilities in General
7
Police Duties and Responsibilities in Corona virus
pandemic era including Dos and Don'ts
3.
4. The ongoing corona virus pandemic in
countries around the world has created responses
that have severely impacted people across the
globe.
The pandemic infection has the potential to
cause more death, illness, and social and
economic disruption than most other threats
faced by law enforcement
Police, unlike army personnel, are very much
enmeshed in public dealing either in pandemic era
due to their institutional role
5. As law enforcement executives police has a
key role to control and minimize violent crime,
the threat of terrorism, other policing issues, and
the additional corona virus pandemic duties
Police is busy in multiple duties to maintain
the order and peace by adopting the saftey
measures
To update and facilitate police officers, the
UNODC has planned to hold distant learning
classes about pandemic and duties to be
performed in the pandemic era
6. In this distant learning importance and ways
of social distancing in different situations would
be discussed
Use of media and social media as an
additional instrument to contact the public and to
disseminate any directions issued by the
competent authorities
As the situation is not normal, isolation and
quarantine are only solution to prevent the
pandemic, UNODC has prepared a comprehensive
distant learning program for police officers to
ensure safety, respect, responsibility and security
of both police and public
7. Police officers who are busy to maintain the
order, peace and law, and have more emphasize
to control numbers of infectious persons/
patients to handle any untoward situation in
coming future
Police has key roles in pandemic era like to
ensure safety of public and also ensure safety of
their own selves as well
Routine capacity building courses to improve
the knowledge, skills and attitude have been dis-
continued, thus UNODC planed to organize these
valuable distant learning courses
8. In this distant learning we will discuss about
the strategies to disperse the mob, social
gatherings are prohibited, the district police is
ordered to break up gatherings to enforce social
distancing and are told to use their public-
address systems to warn groups — even kids
playing — that their actions put them “at risk and
could result in severe illness and even death.”
Miscellaneous Police duties and
responsibilities by adopting safety measures will
be discussed
9.
10. Corona viruses are a group of
related viruses that cause diseases in
mammals and birds. In humans, corona
viruses cause Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI)
that can range from mild to lethal.
Present Corona virus is known as COVID-
19 and has become a pandemic which has
affected hundred of thousands people around
the world and still effecting the world.
11. Sore Throat
High grade fever
Dry cough
Tiredness
Body ache
Breathlessness
Pneumonia
12. Children
Old aged people
People with severe illness
People with asthma
People with Cancer
People with HIV/ AIDS
People with Rheumatoid Arthritis (Joints
Pain)
People with Diabetes/ High Blood Pressure
13. All the other people who may come into
contact with corona virus i-e,:
Doctors
Paramedical staff
Ambulance drivers
Police officers
Other Law enforcement agencies
personnel
Relatives/ friends of affected person
17. Cognizable crimes refer to the heinous or
serious nature of crimes i-e:
Murder
Attempt to murder
Rape
Kidnap, kidnapping for ransom
Drug trafficking
Human trafficking
Cyber crimes and other serious nature
crimes.
18. Police has to lodge FIR and conduct the
Investigation which includes:
Crime Scene Investigation
Case file preparation
Arrest of accused/offenders
Search and seizure
Send the Accused/ Victims for Medico
legal certificates (MLCs)
Interview and Interrogation
Visit of Hospitals/ Medico legal officers
(MLOs) to follow the case
Assist the Prosecutor and Court
19.
20. These are mild in nature, no Investigation
is usually required until or unless not
directed by the Magistrate/ Court, this
includes:
Assault
Cheating
Forgery
Affray & Abusing etc
In this case, Police has to register it in
Daily Report Register and complainant will
be asked to contact the Magistrate for
further proceedings, if desire.
21.
22. Sex: Refers to all the biological physical
attributes separating women, Eunuchs
(gynandromorph/ transgender) and men
Gender: Refers to the cultural/ societal
attributes derived from sex differences.
23. Sex: physical characteristics of sexes
Primary sex characteristics: reproductive
organs
Secondary sex characteristics: the body
attributes of each sex
24. Women:
Pendulous breasts for
lactation
Wide pelvis for childbirth
Men:
Facial hair
Greater grip strength
Larger hearts and lungs
Narrow pelvis
25. Gender: the cultural
attributes arising from sex
differences
“Cultural elaboration and
meanings assigned to the
biological differentiation
between the sexes”
Examples
Gender roles: bread
winning, child rearing
Behavior: emotional
expression, assertiveness
26.
27. Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence
directed at an individual based on his or her
sex, gender identity or expression of socially
defined norms of masculinity and femininity.
Both men and women can experience GBV.
GBV can take various forms and is
experienced differently by women and girls
around the world, but all forms have gender
inequality at the core.
Gender Based Violence (either in form of
cognizable or non-cognizable crimes)
28. Gender based violence can be occurred
either in cognizable and or non cognizable
forms. Gender based violence include:
Socio-economic violence
Domestic violence
Sexual assault/ violence
Rape/ gang rape
Physical violence
Psychological violence
Physiological violence
Emotional violence
29. Major causes for the GBV are:
Patriarchy
Inhuman treatment due to superioplexy
Gender inequality
Abuse of power
Stereo type myths against women and girls
Brutal customs and rites against women
and girls
Usually women are not allowed to say,
argue, resist, ask or to get justice as
defined by the law
women are assumed as private property of
men
30. Stress, Anxiety and even depression
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Fear, anger and shame
Hormonal Imbalancing, infertility
Social stigma, social isolation
Misbehavior with others
Getting emotional, depraved
Addiction, suicidal and or homicidal
thoughts etc
Anemia, Leucorrhoea, dysmenorrhea even
amenorrhea etc
31. The global conversation about GBV, and
advocacy to prevent it, has increased
considerably in recent years, drawing more
resources to building an understanding of the
problem and ways to address it. Efforts to end
GBV normally fall into one of three categories:
1) Primary prevention – preventing GBV from
occurring to women and girls who have not
previously experienced violence and
preventing new occurrences from happening
to those who have already experienced it.
32. 2) Secondary prevention (often called
“response”) – preventing further violence
and/or providing support for survivors of
violence. This usually includes service level
interventions in health and other social
service settings.
3) Tertiary prevention (often part of
response) – support with long-term legal,
advocacy and psychosocial needs.
33. Generally, police have duties:
(a) To effectively investigate all alleged
incidents of violence against women;
(b) To conduct all investigations in a
manner that respects the rights and needs of
each woman without needlessly adding to the
existing burden experienced by the victim;
(c) To take action to support and protect all
victims of crime;
(d) To prevent crime, maintain public order
and enforce laws
34. Responding officers of GBV have
responsibilities:
To quickly separate the parties.
To take steps to ensure the safety of the
victim, including any children who may be
present.
To assist any party in obtaining medical
assistance, if necessary.
To ascertain if language is a barrier and
arrange to provide a translator when
necessary. Children or family members
should not be used as interpreters.
35. To gather and preserve evidence in
accordance with the police service’s
investigative procedures, which should
include making detailed notes of the actions
and utterances of the parties and a detailed
occurrence report regardless of whether any
charges are brought or an offence is alleged.
To ensure that any children at the scene
are provided with appropriate support/
assistance as required, including referrals to
appropriate agencies.
36. To make detailed notes, including the
actions and utterances of all the parties
involved.
To conduct detailed interviews with all
victims and witnesses.
To assist the victim with a personal safety
plan.
To interrogate the offender or alleged
offender (at the police station)
Always remember that harmful traditional
stereotype thoughts can result inequality in
gender and may be biased investigation, this
practice is essential to be avoid.
37. To complete a detailed occurrence report
for every domestic violence occurrence,
regardless of whether any charges are
brought, and to enter that information on
the police service’s information system for
future reference
Online complaint system like call to 15
by the survivors can be very effective
especially in the lockdown period and
or in general as well to get protected and
to get justice
38.
39. As part of law enforcement, generally police officers
have to perform some major responsibilities i-e,:
Protecting the life and property
maintaining the order
maintaining the peace
enforcing laws
preventing crimes
responding to emergencies
providing support services
prevention and detection
conducting the Investigation
40. In addition police has to respond in following
format:
Receive the crime committing call or
complainant crime committing report
If found cognizable, lodging of FIR, entry of
its summary in daily report register
Visit of crime scene, getting evidences, initial
interviews, making memos, dispatching
evidences for expert opinion etc
Arrest of accused, interrogation
41. Visit to Magistrate to get remand of accused
Maintaining the daily report diary
Assisting the prosecutor
Submission of Challan
While he/she discharge these duties they usually
do not obtain the environmental protective
measures.
42.
43. Law and order is changing across the
Pakistan during the novel corona virus
pandemic, as police pull back on arrests for
small-time crimes and instead focus on
breaking up gatherings that pose health
risks, all the while coping with the perils of a
job that can’t be done with social distancing.
44. All the federal and provincial departments
are striving including both the ministries
of Interior to tackle the situation of the
viral epidemic
All the provincial Inspectors General of
Police have issued their policies to ensure
the safety measures and to handle the
epidemic efficiently
District, Regional police offices and
Welfare departments of CPO are still in
touch to take immediate actions in form
of positive cases amongst police
personnel
45. To perform proper responsibilities in this
pandemic era by the Police officers along
with complete care/PPEs to prevent their
selves from the COVID-19.
Corona can affect the person who could
be come into contact i-e,:
Shaking hands
Close social/ physical contact
Not using face masks and gloves
46. Police responsibilities have become entire
different due to the pandemic as compare to
the normal calm situation.
Stress and panic could be seen all over the
country even amongst police personnel due
to the spreading menace
Mostly people avoid to come outside of
their homes until they have utmost emergent
situation
People do prefer the isolation instead of
social gathering
47. Ratio of cognizable crimes especially
target killings, street crimes, murders,
attempt to murders, kidnapping with or
without ransom and other serious nature or
hard handed crimes has become lower, may
be due to isolation by public and higher
patrolling/ static picket or snap checking by
the law enforcement agencies.
There is no specific treatment till to-date
to treat the pandemic COVID-19, thus people
prefer to stay safe at their houses.
48. Ratio of non-cognizable crimes especially
forgery, cheating, abuse has also become
lower due to non-socialization and factors
discussed earlier
People do avoid to report to Police for
such cases which are petty and may not to be
investigated
Another aspect for avoiding Police is the
behavior and respond of Police which usually
make them deserted.
49. Ratio of gender based violence cases has
become higher but mostly not reported
because of traditional misbehavior and poor
respond of Police which make the survivors
desolated and more deprived.
People feel fear to talk to Police or to
share about such GBV
Improper training especially to tackle
these cases reflecting numerous loop holes
and more depravedness to vulnerable
elements
50. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Police officers should utilize the following
to solve the issues of societal elements.
Utilization of social media like facebook,
whatsapp, tweeter, skype and instgram etc
Utilization of media like TV channels and
Radio to spread awareness about corona and
alertness of Police to tackle criminal cases of
all types during the menaced period
51. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Concept of community policing is best to
prevent and to tackle the crimes what police
should do, they should collect all the cell phone
numbers of all the valuable persons/ informers
to get in touch with them telephonically
Spread awareness amongst people about the
Police emergency response contact numbers
In this way a better communication system
may be formed
52. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
As shared earlier, by adopting safety
measures (PPEs etc) police officers should
perform their duties to assure the public that
they are there to solve the issues and to
provide timely justice for the public living in
their jurisdiction
Positive attitude, encouraging respond,
timely justice these are expectations of public
y the police department
53. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Rashan Distribution Duties:
In addition to the said duties police is
performing some additional duties like:
Distribution of Rashan/ food by
government/ welfare organization/ Non-
governmental organization and other
resources
It is essential to keep the distance atleast 6
feet for people who want to receive the rashan
in a que, to control the public formula of firm
and friendly may be so helpful to adopt
54. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Patrolling Duties:
Negotiation with public will be made after taking
all precautionary measures, face mask, gloves, no
physical contact and safe distance
For mobile patrolling, it is essential to minimize
the number of police personnel upto 4 persons 1
driver at front 3 in back, and out of the 3, one
personnel will be in standing position to watch
closely the situation outside
For bike patrolling, it is essential to be 1 person
on a bike instead of 2. Double passengers on bike
should only be allowed in extreme compulsion.
55. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Casualty evacuation of Coronavirus suspects:
Negotiation with public will be made after
taking all precautionary measures, face mask,
gloves, no physical contact and safe distance,
Strict precautionary measures safe distance
to send the coronavirus suspect for testing
and hospitalization
Inform immediately superiors if any person
of police or any person who is suspected
patient of pandemic
56. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Sub-Hospital (houses of Coronavirus patinents)
Negotiation with public will be made after
taking all precautionary measures, face mask,
gloves, no physical contact and safe distance
Do not enter in those houses, stay outside
and use Masjid/Mosque toilets etc
Feel free to contact the superior in case of
any deviance during the discharge of duties
57. WHAT TO DO TO COP THE SITUATION:
Mob dispersal as first responder:
as said earlier all the precautionary
measures will be adopted
Mega phones and or mobile mega phone
may be used with a safe distance
Use of force is usually not required, if
required water cannons and tear gas may be
utilized if no any negotiation option found
helpful
58. SHOULD NOT BE DONE:
Following may impact a very negative
impression, thus must be avoided:
Use of Illegal force
Use of Torture
Use of ill behavior and or misbehave
Disrespect the citizens
Social gatherings
Corruption of any aspect
59. SHOULD NOT BE DONE:
Physical punishments to violators
Do not ever leave the designated duty
point without permission of competent
authority
Do not shake hand, do not get closer to
any person either of own police department
even have worn mask or gloves
Do not hesitate to share with high ups in
case of appearing sign symptoms like
corona to you or your colleague