OpenStack Designate is a DNS as a Service (DNSaaS) solution that is part of the OpenStack cloud computing platform. It provides a scalable, reliable, and highly available DNS infrastructure for cloud-based applications and services.
Designate enables users to manage their domain names and DNS records through a RESTful API or a web-based dashboard. It supports various record types, including A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SRV, and TXT. Users can also create and manage zones, which are collections of DNS records that define a domain name's authoritative name servers.
Designate integrates with other OpenStack services such as Keystone, Nova, Neutron, and Horizon. It also supports integration with external DNS providers, allowing users to easily switch between providers or use multiple providers for redundancy.
Designate is designed to be highly scalable and fault-tolerant. It uses a distributed architecture that allows it to handle millions of DNS queries per second and ensures high availability even in the event of node failures.
Overall, OpenStack Designate provides a flexible and powerful DNSaaS solution that simplifies the management of domain names and DNS records in cloud-based environments.
MariaDB and MySQL are both popular open-source relational database management systems (RDBMS) that are used to store, organize, and manage data. They are both based on the same core software, which was originally developed by MySQL AB, but MariaDB is a fork of MySQL that was created in 2009 due to concerns about the acquisition of MySQL by Oracle Corporation.
MariaDB and MySQL have many similarities, including their architecture, syntax, and functionality. Both databases use SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage data and support a wide range of programming languages. They also offer features such as replication, clustering, and partitioning to improve performance and scalability.
However, there are also some differences between MariaDB and MySQL. MariaDB has some additional features and improvements over MySQL, such as better performance, improved security, and more storage engines. MariaDB also supports more data types than MySQL and has more built-in functions.
Overall, both MariaDB and MySQL are powerful and reliable RDBMS options for managing data, and the choice between them may depend on specific needs and preferences.
The Best Storage Solution For CloudStack: LINSTORShapeBlue
This session was an interactive session on extending Apache CloudStack with LINSTOR. LINSTOR is Open source Software Defined Storage designed to manage block storage devices for large clusters. The unique structure of LINSTOR helps you overcome countless roadblocks when you want to set up reliable storage. This demo covered; The steps to building a reliable and high-performance SDS for your CloudStack environment, The benefits of the stack Comparing LINSTOR with other SDS offerings – what you should know.
Yusuf Yıldız, Solutions Architect. After many years spending hands on experience for system and storage management, Yusuf started to work as a Solution Architect at LINBIT 3 years ago. His main focus is customer success and contributing to product development and testing. As part of the solution architects team, he is one of the backbone and supporters of the sales team.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Service Function Chaining in Openstack NeutronMichelle Holley
Service Function Chaining (SFC) uses software-defined networking (SDN) capabilities to create a service chain of connected network services (such as L4-7 like firewalls,
network address translation [NAT], intrusion protection) and connect them in a virtual chain. This capability can be used by network operators to set up suites or catalogs
of connected services that enable the use of a single network connection for many services, with different characteristics.
networking-sfc is a service plugin of Openstack neutron. The talk will go over the architecture, implementation, use-cases and latest enhancements to networking-sfc (the APIs and implementation to support service function chaining in neutron).
About the speaker: Farhad Sunavala is currently a principal architect/engineer working on Network Virtualization, Cloud service, and SDN technologies at Huawei Technology USA. He has led several wireless projects in Huawei including virtual EPC, service function chaining, etc. Prior to Huawei, he worked 17 years at Cisco. Farhad received his MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of New Hampshire. His expertise includes L2/L3/L4 networking, Network Virtualization, SDN, Cloud Computing, and
mobile wireless networks. He holds several patents in platforms, virtualization, wireless, service-chaining and cloud computing. Farhad was a core member of networking-sfc.
OpenStack Designate is a DNS as a Service (DNSaaS) solution that is part of the OpenStack cloud computing platform. It provides a scalable, reliable, and highly available DNS infrastructure for cloud-based applications and services.
Designate enables users to manage their domain names and DNS records through a RESTful API or a web-based dashboard. It supports various record types, including A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SRV, and TXT. Users can also create and manage zones, which are collections of DNS records that define a domain name's authoritative name servers.
Designate integrates with other OpenStack services such as Keystone, Nova, Neutron, and Horizon. It also supports integration with external DNS providers, allowing users to easily switch between providers or use multiple providers for redundancy.
Designate is designed to be highly scalable and fault-tolerant. It uses a distributed architecture that allows it to handle millions of DNS queries per second and ensures high availability even in the event of node failures.
Overall, OpenStack Designate provides a flexible and powerful DNSaaS solution that simplifies the management of domain names and DNS records in cloud-based environments.
MariaDB and MySQL are both popular open-source relational database management systems (RDBMS) that are used to store, organize, and manage data. They are both based on the same core software, which was originally developed by MySQL AB, but MariaDB is a fork of MySQL that was created in 2009 due to concerns about the acquisition of MySQL by Oracle Corporation.
MariaDB and MySQL have many similarities, including their architecture, syntax, and functionality. Both databases use SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage data and support a wide range of programming languages. They also offer features such as replication, clustering, and partitioning to improve performance and scalability.
However, there are also some differences between MariaDB and MySQL. MariaDB has some additional features and improvements over MySQL, such as better performance, improved security, and more storage engines. MariaDB also supports more data types than MySQL and has more built-in functions.
Overall, both MariaDB and MySQL are powerful and reliable RDBMS options for managing data, and the choice between them may depend on specific needs and preferences.
The Best Storage Solution For CloudStack: LINSTORShapeBlue
This session was an interactive session on extending Apache CloudStack with LINSTOR. LINSTOR is Open source Software Defined Storage designed to manage block storage devices for large clusters. The unique structure of LINSTOR helps you overcome countless roadblocks when you want to set up reliable storage. This demo covered; The steps to building a reliable and high-performance SDS for your CloudStack environment, The benefits of the stack Comparing LINSTOR with other SDS offerings – what you should know.
Yusuf Yıldız, Solutions Architect. After many years spending hands on experience for system and storage management, Yusuf started to work as a Solution Architect at LINBIT 3 years ago. His main focus is customer success and contributing to product development and testing. As part of the solution architects team, he is one of the backbone and supporters of the sales team.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Service Function Chaining in Openstack NeutronMichelle Holley
Service Function Chaining (SFC) uses software-defined networking (SDN) capabilities to create a service chain of connected network services (such as L4-7 like firewalls,
network address translation [NAT], intrusion protection) and connect them in a virtual chain. This capability can be used by network operators to set up suites or catalogs
of connected services that enable the use of a single network connection for many services, with different characteristics.
networking-sfc is a service plugin of Openstack neutron. The talk will go over the architecture, implementation, use-cases and latest enhancements to networking-sfc (the APIs and implementation to support service function chaining in neutron).
About the speaker: Farhad Sunavala is currently a principal architect/engineer working on Network Virtualization, Cloud service, and SDN technologies at Huawei Technology USA. He has led several wireless projects in Huawei including virtual EPC, service function chaining, etc. Prior to Huawei, he worked 17 years at Cisco. Farhad received his MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of New Hampshire. His expertise includes L2/L3/L4 networking, Network Virtualization, SDN, Cloud Computing, and
mobile wireless networks. He holds several patents in platforms, virtualization, wireless, service-chaining and cloud computing. Farhad was a core member of networking-sfc.
Comparing IaaS: VMware vs OpenStack vs Google’s GanetiGiuseppe Paterno'
No matter if you are a lonely system administrator or the CTO of the largest carrier in the World, getting to know what’s out there is a jungle. Is VMware still the lead? I’ve heard about OpenStack, how mature is that? And what this “Ganeti” I’ve never heard of?
Well, here I am. Guess what, you’re not the only one asking these questions. I traveled most of Europe hearing world’s most famous enterprises, banks and telcos and also in contact with many vendors’ labs, from San Francisco to Munich.
In this presentation I just wish to give a quick overview of the state-of-the-art in the IaaS and virtualization world. This is not a sales or marketing presentation: no vaporware, just pure and real experience from the field.
Enjoy the slides and stay tuned on my twitter channel on @gpaterno
View IT operations as a flow of data (Sources of Truth) thru work-cells (automation processes) to deliver value to the customer.
There should be only one source of truth for every piece of configuration data.
Device configurations are poor source of truth.
Linux offers an extensive selection of programmable and configurable networking components from traditional bridges, encryption, to container optimized layer 2/3 devices, link aggregation, tunneling, several classification and filtering languages all the way up to full SDN components. This talk will provide an overview of many Linux networking components covering the Linux bridge, IPVLAN, MACVLAN, MACVTAP, Bonding/Team, OVS, classification & queueing, tunnel types, hidden routing tricks, IPSec, VTI, VRF and many others.
Cloud Network Virtualization with Juniper Contrailbuildacloud
Description: Contrail Technology will be discussed covering architecture, capabilities and use cases. It will be followed by a demonstration on current Contrail implementation on CloudStack/Openstack.
Parantap works as a Sr. Director of Solutions Engineering for Contrail Product within Juniper. Before Juniper, Parantap led the network architecture team for Microsoft Online Services (Windows Azure, MS Bing). Prior to Microsoft, Parantap worked as a core engineering manager for UUNet Technologies building Internet backbones.
Kernel advantages for Istio realized with CiliumCynthia Thomas
Istio brings a myriad of options to provide routing rules, encryption, and monitoring for microservices, typically in container environments. Cilium provides accelerated network security using a modern kernel technology called BPF. Put the two together and what do you get? A distributed security solution enabling microservices traffic management, security, and monitoring while enforcing policy as close to the microservices as possible.
Cynthia Thomas and Romain Lenglet discuss the architectural and performance benefits of using Cilium with Istio and provide a demo of this BPF-based, Linux kernel technology. Cilium provides an API-aware security solution that can make a decision on every single microservice flow, with the ability to enforce protocols such as HTTP, Kafka, and gRPC. By addressing security policy at the API layer, you can enforce policy efficiently with kernel capabilities while reducing the attack surface in a microservices deployment.
SDN 101: Software Defined Networking Course - Sameh Zaghloul/IBM - 2014SAMeh Zaghloul
Sameh Zaghloul
Technology Manager @ IBM
+2 0100 6066012
zaghloul@eg.ibm.com
SDN: Technology that enables data center team to use software to efficiently control network resources
SDN Overview
SDN Standards
NFV – Network Function Virtualization
SDN Scenarios and Use Cases
SDN Sample Research Projects
SDN Technology Survey
SDN Case Study
SDN Online Courses
SDN Lab SW Tools
- OpenStack Framework
- OpenDayLighyt – SDN Controller
- FloodLight – SDN Controller
- Open vSwitch – Virtual Switch
- MiniNet – Virtual Network: OpenFlow Switches, SDN Controllers, and Servers/Hosts
- OMNet++ Network Simulator
- Avior – Sample FloodLight Java Application
- netem - Network Emulation
- NOX/POX - C++/ Python OpenFlow API for building network control applications
- Pyretic = Python + Frenetic - Enables network programmers and operators to write modular network applications by providing powerful abstractions
- Resonance - Event-Driven Control for Software-Defined Networks (written in Pyretic)
SDN Project
Session Description:
An early overview of the upcoming new and exciting features and improvements in the next major LTS release of CloudStack, 4.19. Abhishek Kumar, who will be acting as the release manager for the CloudStack 4.19, gives a quick recap of the major additions in the previous LTS release - 4.18.0, discusses the timeline for the 4.19.0 release and talks about the planned and expected new features in the upcoming release.
Speaker Bio:
Abhishek is a committer of the Apache CloudStack project and has worked on the notable features such as VM ingestion, CloudStack Kubernetes Service, IPv6 support, etc. He works as a Software Engineer at ShapeBlue.
---------------------------------------------
On Friday 18th August, the Apache CloudStack India User Group 2023 took place in Bangalore, seeing CloudStack enthusiasts, experts, and industry leaders from across the country, discuss the open-source project. The meetup served as a vibrant platform to delve into the depths of Apache CloudStack, share insights, and forge new connections.
Lots of small objects in a swift cluster can lead to performance issues on the object servers. We propose a backend change to improve performance for this workload.
Building a secure image pipeline with Ansible. Generating secure OS images for OpenShift Virtualization. Creating a immutable image pipeline with Ansible, OpenSCAP, Packer, Molecule and Vagrant. Packaging OS images for consumption to OpenShift Virtualization.
Comparing IaaS: VMware vs OpenStack vs Google’s GanetiGiuseppe Paterno'
No matter if you are a lonely system administrator or the CTO of the largest carrier in the World, getting to know what’s out there is a jungle. Is VMware still the lead? I’ve heard about OpenStack, how mature is that? And what this “Ganeti” I’ve never heard of?
Well, here I am. Guess what, you’re not the only one asking these questions. I traveled most of Europe hearing world’s most famous enterprises, banks and telcos and also in contact with many vendors’ labs, from San Francisco to Munich.
In this presentation I just wish to give a quick overview of the state-of-the-art in the IaaS and virtualization world. This is not a sales or marketing presentation: no vaporware, just pure and real experience from the field.
Enjoy the slides and stay tuned on my twitter channel on @gpaterno
View IT operations as a flow of data (Sources of Truth) thru work-cells (automation processes) to deliver value to the customer.
There should be only one source of truth for every piece of configuration data.
Device configurations are poor source of truth.
Linux offers an extensive selection of programmable and configurable networking components from traditional bridges, encryption, to container optimized layer 2/3 devices, link aggregation, tunneling, several classification and filtering languages all the way up to full SDN components. This talk will provide an overview of many Linux networking components covering the Linux bridge, IPVLAN, MACVLAN, MACVTAP, Bonding/Team, OVS, classification & queueing, tunnel types, hidden routing tricks, IPSec, VTI, VRF and many others.
Cloud Network Virtualization with Juniper Contrailbuildacloud
Description: Contrail Technology will be discussed covering architecture, capabilities and use cases. It will be followed by a demonstration on current Contrail implementation on CloudStack/Openstack.
Parantap works as a Sr. Director of Solutions Engineering for Contrail Product within Juniper. Before Juniper, Parantap led the network architecture team for Microsoft Online Services (Windows Azure, MS Bing). Prior to Microsoft, Parantap worked as a core engineering manager for UUNet Technologies building Internet backbones.
Kernel advantages for Istio realized with CiliumCynthia Thomas
Istio brings a myriad of options to provide routing rules, encryption, and monitoring for microservices, typically in container environments. Cilium provides accelerated network security using a modern kernel technology called BPF. Put the two together and what do you get? A distributed security solution enabling microservices traffic management, security, and monitoring while enforcing policy as close to the microservices as possible.
Cynthia Thomas and Romain Lenglet discuss the architectural and performance benefits of using Cilium with Istio and provide a demo of this BPF-based, Linux kernel technology. Cilium provides an API-aware security solution that can make a decision on every single microservice flow, with the ability to enforce protocols such as HTTP, Kafka, and gRPC. By addressing security policy at the API layer, you can enforce policy efficiently with kernel capabilities while reducing the attack surface in a microservices deployment.
SDN 101: Software Defined Networking Course - Sameh Zaghloul/IBM - 2014SAMeh Zaghloul
Sameh Zaghloul
Technology Manager @ IBM
+2 0100 6066012
zaghloul@eg.ibm.com
SDN: Technology that enables data center team to use software to efficiently control network resources
SDN Overview
SDN Standards
NFV – Network Function Virtualization
SDN Scenarios and Use Cases
SDN Sample Research Projects
SDN Technology Survey
SDN Case Study
SDN Online Courses
SDN Lab SW Tools
- OpenStack Framework
- OpenDayLighyt – SDN Controller
- FloodLight – SDN Controller
- Open vSwitch – Virtual Switch
- MiniNet – Virtual Network: OpenFlow Switches, SDN Controllers, and Servers/Hosts
- OMNet++ Network Simulator
- Avior – Sample FloodLight Java Application
- netem - Network Emulation
- NOX/POX - C++/ Python OpenFlow API for building network control applications
- Pyretic = Python + Frenetic - Enables network programmers and operators to write modular network applications by providing powerful abstractions
- Resonance - Event-Driven Control for Software-Defined Networks (written in Pyretic)
SDN Project
Session Description:
An early overview of the upcoming new and exciting features and improvements in the next major LTS release of CloudStack, 4.19. Abhishek Kumar, who will be acting as the release manager for the CloudStack 4.19, gives a quick recap of the major additions in the previous LTS release - 4.18.0, discusses the timeline for the 4.19.0 release and talks about the planned and expected new features in the upcoming release.
Speaker Bio:
Abhishek is a committer of the Apache CloudStack project and has worked on the notable features such as VM ingestion, CloudStack Kubernetes Service, IPv6 support, etc. He works as a Software Engineer at ShapeBlue.
---------------------------------------------
On Friday 18th August, the Apache CloudStack India User Group 2023 took place in Bangalore, seeing CloudStack enthusiasts, experts, and industry leaders from across the country, discuss the open-source project. The meetup served as a vibrant platform to delve into the depths of Apache CloudStack, share insights, and forge new connections.
Lots of small objects in a swift cluster can lead to performance issues on the object servers. We propose a backend change to improve performance for this workload.
Building a secure image pipeline with Ansible. Generating secure OS images for OpenShift Virtualization. Creating a immutable image pipeline with Ansible, OpenSCAP, Packer, Molecule and Vagrant. Packaging OS images for consumption to OpenShift Virtualization.
Rados Gateway (radosgw) is an object storage gateway that provides RESTful (Representational State Transfer) API interface to access Ceph Storage Cluster. It allows applications to store and retrieve objects in the cluster using popular S3 and Swift APIs, making it compatible with a wide range of existing applications and libraries. Radosgw also supports multi-site replication, lifecycle management, cross-origin resource sharing (CORS), and other advanced features that make it a versatile solution for building distributed object storage systems. Radosgw is a part of the Ceph distributed storage system and can be deployed as a standalone service or as part of a Ceph Storage Cluster.
In Linux, a process is an instance of a running computer program. It's the basic unit of execution where a program is executed. Every process in Linux is assigned a unique Process ID (PID) which is used to identify the process.
Processes in Linux can be either in the foreground or background. Foreground processes are those that interact with the user, while background processes run without user intervention.
Linux processes inherit attributes and resource limits from their parent processes, and new processes can be created using the fork() system call. Child processes can further replace their memory space with a new program using the exec() system call.
Processes can be managed using various commands like ps (to display information about processes), top (to show currently running processes), kill (to terminate processes), and many others.
Linux provides a robust set of process management features, allowing for efficient multitasking and resource utilization. The Linux scheduler handles process scheduling, ensuring that CPU time is allocated effectively among running processes.
Overall, processes in Linux form the backbone of the operating system, enabling it to manage various tasks and run multiple programs concurrently.
CacheFS is a filesystem caching technology developed for UNIX-like operating systems .It is designed to cache the contents of a remote filesystem onto the local disk to improve performance by reducing the number of network requests needed to access frequently used files. CacheFS works by intercepting requests to access remote files and serving them from the local disk cache, rather than accessing them over the network every time they are needed.
CacheFS is used primarily in situations where network bandwidth is limited or where the latency of remote access is high, such as in WAN or satellite link scenarios. It is often used to speed up access to file servers, such as Network File System (NFS) servers.
some of its features have been incorporated into other caching technologies, such as the Squid web proxy cache.
NBD (Network Block Device) and nbdkit are related technologies in the realm of virtualization and storage. They allow you to work with remote block devices and create flexible storage solutions. Here's an overview of each:
1. NBD (Network Block Device):
NBD is a protocol that allows you to access remote block devices over a network, as if they were local block devices. It provides a way to export disk images or block devices from a server to clients, enabling remote access and manipulation of these devices.
Key features of NBD include:
Block-Level Access: NBD operates at the block level, allowing you to read from and write to specific blocks on a remote device.
Flexibility: It's used in various scenarios such as diskless booting, live migration of virtual machines, and remote disk access for storage solutions.
Network Transport: NBD operates over the network and typically uses TCP/IP as the underlying transport.
Read-Only and Read-Write Modes: You can access remote devices in both read-only and read-write modes.
2. nbdkit:
nbdkit is a pluggable NBD server, providing a flexible and extensible way to serve remote block devices. It acts as an NBD server that can be extended using various plugins, allowing you to create custom storage solutions tailored to your needs.
Ceph: A Powerful, Scalable, and Flexible Storage SolutionYashar Esmaildokht
## Ceph: A Powerful, Scalable, and Flexible Storage Solution
Ceph is an open-source, distributed storage platform that offers a range of features, including object storage, block storage, and file systems. It provides a highly scalable, reliable, and flexible solution for managing your data.
Ceph's Key Components:
* RADOS (Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Storage): Ceph's core storage component. It provides object storage capabilities and forms the basis for other services.
* RBD (RADOS Block Device): Ceph's block storage service. Allows you to create and manage block devices that can be attached to virtual machines or containers.
* CephFS (Ceph File System): Ceph's distributed file system. Offers scalable and reliable shared file system access for applications and users.
Ceph Backfill:
Backfill is a process used to repopulate data onto newly added OSDs (Object Storage Devices) in a Ceph cluster. Here's how it works:
1. Data Imbalance: When new OSDs are added, the cluster may have an imbalance in data distribution. Some OSDs might have more data than others.
2. Backfill Process: Ceph identifies the underutilized OSDs and starts copying data from overloaded OSDs to these new OSDs.
3. Data Balancing: The backfill process aims to achieve an even distribution of data across all OSDs in the cluster.
Ceph Scrub:
Scrubbing is a data integrity check that Ceph performs to detect and repair errors in stored data. Here's the process:
1. Data Verification: Ceph compares the data stored on different OSDs that hold replicas of the same object.
2. Error Detection: Any discrepancies between the data replicas are flagged as errors.
3. Data Repair: Ceph attempts to repair the errors by copying the correct data from another OSD.
Ceph Erasure Coding (EC):
Erasure coding is a technique used to increase data resilience and reduce storage overhead in a Ceph cluster.
* Data Chunking: Data is divided into smaller chunks, and a parity chunk is generated.
* Data Distribution: These chunks and parity chunks are distributed across multiple OSDs in the cluster.
* Data Recovery: Even if some OSDs fail, the lost data can be recovered from the remaining chunks and parity chunks.
Benefits of EC:
* Increased Data Resilience: Can tolerate more OSD failures without losing data.
* Reduced Storage Overhead: Reduces the total storage capacity required for storing data replicas.
* Improved Performance: Can enhance performance by spreading the data load across more OSDs.
Understanding Ceph, backfill, scrub, and EC is crucial for efficient operation and maintenance of a Ceph cluster. These mechanisms ensure data integrity, availability, and scalability, making Ceph a robust and powerful solution for storage management.
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a novel approach to network management that separates the control plane and data plane in network devices, allowing for centralized planning and control of networks. In traditional networks, routing decisions and network settings are made on individual switches and routers. In SDN, however, these decisions are made through a centralized software controller.
One key aspect of SDN is its high programmability. This means that network administrators can dynamically adjust network settings and controls using programming interfaces (APIs). This programmability enhances network flexibility and adaptability to changing needs.
SDN enables increased network efficiency, cost savings, and improved reliability and security through centralized management and software-based planning. This new approach to network architecture provides organizations with solutions and opportunities to enhance network performance and management. It is considered a leading-edge solution in information technology, offering greater capabilities for network improvement and management.
Service registry and service discovery are two important concepts in the field of distributed systems and microservices architecture.
Service registry is a centralized database that contains information about available services in a distributed system. Each service instance registers itself with the service registry upon startup, providing metadata such as its network location, endpoint, and health status. This allows other services to discover and communicate with each other without hardcoding IP addresses or endpoints.
Service discovery is the process of dynamically locating and connecting to services in a distributed system. Instead of relying on static configurations or hardcoded endpoints, services use a service discovery mechanism to query the service registry and retrieve the necessary information to establish connections with other services. This allows for more flexible and resilient communication between services, as instances can be added or removed from the system without affecting the overall functionality.
Service registry and service discovery are essential components of modern microservices architectures, enabling services to be loosely coupled, scalable, and easily deployable. Popular tools for implementing service registry and service discovery include Consul, etcd, Zookeeper, and Kubernetes.
در این کتاب چه میخوانیم :
• ضرورت استفاده از Siem و بخش soc , noc
• بررسی عنوان IDS و IPS ها
• معماری ossec
• معماری wazuh
• نصب ossec
• نحوه مهاجرت از ossec به Wazuh
• نصب آفلاین wazuh
• ویژگیهای wazuh و امکانات آن
35. های ویژگیPODMAN:
کلی طور بهpodman. باشد می دارا را ها ساختار این
Overview and scope
At a high level, the scope of Podman and libpod is the following:
•Support for multiple container image formats, including OCI and Docker images.
•Full management of those images, including pulling from various sources (including trust
and verification), creating (built via Containerfile or Dockerfile or committed from a
container), and pushing to registries and other storage backends.
•Full management of container lifecycle, including creation (both from an image and from an
exploded root filesystem), running, checkpointing and restoring (via CRIU), and removal.
•Support for pods, groups of containers that share resources and are managed together.
•Support for running containers and pods without root or other elevated privileges.
•Resource isolation of containers and pods.
•Support for a Docker-compatible CLI interface.
•No manager daemon, for improved security and lower resource utilization at idle.
•Support for a REST API providing both a Docker-compatible interface and an improved
interface exposing advanced Podman functionality.
•In the future, integration with CRI-O to share containers and backend code.
Podman presently only supports running containers on Linux. However, we are building a remote
client which can run onWindows and OS X and manage Podman containers on a Linux system via
the REST API using SSH tunneling.
36. Out of scope
•Specialized signing and pushing of images to various storage backends. See Skopeo for those
tasks.
•Support for the Kubernetes CRI interface for container management.The CRI-O daemon
specializes in that.
•Supporting docker-compose.We believe that Kubernetes is the defacto standard for composing
Pods and for orchestrating containers, making KubernetesYAML a defacto standard file
format. Hence, Podman allows the creation and execution of Pods from a KubernetesYAML
file (see podman-play-kube). Podman can also generate KubernetesYAML based on a
container or Pod (see podman-generate-kube), which allows for an easy transition from a local
development environment to a production Kubernetes cluster. If Kubernetes does not fit your
requirements, there are other third-party tools that support the docker-compose format such
as kompose and podman-compose that might be appropriate for your environment.This
situation may change with the addition of the REST API.
OCI Projects Plans
The plan is to use OCI projects and best of breed libraries for different aspects:
•Runtime:We use the OCI runtime tools to generate OCI runtime configurations that can be
used with any OCI-compliant runtime, like crun and runc.
•Images: Image management uses the containers/image library.
•Storage: Container and image storage is managed by containers/storage.
•Networking: Networking support through use of CNI.
•Builds: Builds are supported via Buildah.
•Conmon: Conmon is a tool for monitoring OCI runtimes, used by both Podman and CRI-O.
•Seccomp: A unified Seccomp policy for Podman, Buildah, and CRI-O.
44. . میگیرد قرار استفاده مورد ایمیج ساختار نمایش برای دستور این
podman-inspect(1)() podman-inspect(1)()
NAME
podman-inspect - Display a container, image, volume, network, or pod's configuration
SYNOPSIS
podman inspect [options] name [...]
DESCRIPTION
This displays the low-level information on containers and images identified by name or ID. By
de‐
45. fault, this will render all results in a JSON array. If the inspect type is all, the order of in‐
spection is: containers, images, volumes, network, pods.
So, if a container has the same name as an image, then the container JSON will be returned,
and
so on.
If a format is specified, the given template will be executed for each result.
For more inspection options, see:
podman container inspect
podman image inspect
podman network inspect
podman pod inspect
podman volume inspect
OPTIONS
--type, -t=type
Return JSON for the specified type. Type can be 'container', 'image', 'volume', 'network',
'pod', or 'all' (default: all) (Only meaningful when invoked as podman inspect)
--format, -f=format
46. Format the output using the given Go template. The keys of the returned JSON can be used as
the
values for the --format flag (see examples below).
--latest, -l
Instead of providing the container name or ID, use the last created container. If you use methods
other than Podman to run containers such as CRI-O, the last started container could be from
ei‐
ther of those methods.
This option can be used to inspect the latest pod created when used with --type pod
The latest option is not supported on the remote client or when invoked as podman image
inspect.
--size, -s
In addition to normal output, display the total file size if the type is a container.
EXAMPLE
# podman inspect fedora
[
{
52. Remove an image and its associated containers.
$ podman rmi --force imageID
Remove multiple images by their shortened IDs.
$ podman rmi c4dfb1609ee2 93fd78260bd1 c0ed59d05ff7
Remove all images and containers.
$ podman rmi -a -f
59. دستورSTOP:
. میگیرد قرار استفاده مورد کانتینر کردن خاموش برای دستور این
Stop one or more containers
Description:
Stops one or more running containers. The container name or ID can be used.
A timeout to forcibly stop the container can also be set but defaults to 10 seconds otherwise.
Usage:
podman stop [options] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Examples:
podman stop ctrID
podman stop --latest
podman stop --time 2 mywebserver 6e534f14da9d
Options:
-a, --all Stop all running containers
--cidfile stringArray Read the container ID from the file
-i, --ignore Ignore errors when a specified container is missing
-l, --latest Act on the latest container podman is aware of
Not supported with the "--remote" flag
-t, --time uint Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10)
61. Description:
Retrieves logs for one or more containers.
This does not guarantee execution order when combined with podman run (i.e., your run may not have generated any
logs at the time you execute podman logs).
Usage:
podman logs [options] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Examples:
podman logs ctrID
podman logs --names ctrID1 ctrID2
podman logs --tail 2 mywebserver
podman logs --follow=true --since 10m ctrID
podman logs mywebserver mydbserver
Options:
62. -f, --follow Follow log output. The default is false
-l, --latest Act on the latest container podman is aware of
Not supported with the "--remote" flag
-n, --names Output the container name in the log
--since string Show logs since TIMESTAMP
--tail int Output the specified number of LINES at the end of the logs. Defaults to -1, which prints all lines
(default -1)
-t, --timestamps Output the timestamps in the log