some information about one of the lung disease complication

1. 1
AZERBAIJAN
MEDICAL
UNIVERSITY
 NAME: ZAKARYA KAMA SATTOUF
 GROUP; 180B
 SUBJECT;SPONTANEOUS
PNEUMOTHORAX
 DATE; 11/30/2019

2. 2Introduction:
 Definition
 Types
 Risk factor
 Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 References

3. 3DEFINITION:
 A spontaneous pneumothorax is when part of
your lung collapses. It happens if air collects in
the pleural space (the space between your lungs
and chest wall).
 The trapped air in the pleural space prevents
your lung from filling with air, and the lung
collapses.
 A spontaneous pneumothorax can happen in
one or both lungs.

4. 4Types: PNEUMOTHORAX
primary secondary

5. 5
PRIMARY PNEUMOTHORAX
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is an abnormal
accumulation of air in the space
between the lungs and the chest cavity (called the
pleural space) that can result in the partial or
complete collapse of a lung.
This type of pneumothorax is described as primary
because it occurs in the absence of lung disease such
as emphysema. Spontaneous means the
pneumothorax was not caused by an injury such as a
rib fracture.
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is likely due to
the formation of small sacs of air (blebs) in lung
tissue that rupture, causing air to leak into the pleural
space. Air in the pleural space creates pressure on the
lung and can lead to its collapse.

6. 6What increases my risk for a primary
spontaneous pneumothorax?
1. Being a tall, thin male
2. Having had a spontaneous
pneumothorax before
3. flying, or climbing to high altitudes
4. Smoking

7. Blebs seen more clearly after resuming
suction with improved pneumothorax
Initial chest x-ray showing pneumothorax
with blebs

8. Computed
tomography (CT)
showing blebs
7

9. • Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP)
occurs in people with a wide variety of
parenchymal lung diseases.
• These individuals have underlying pulmonary
pathology that alters normal lung structure.
Air enters the pleural space via distended,
damaged, or compromised alveoli.
Secondary pneumothorax
8

10. What increases my risk for a secondary
spontaneous pneumothorax?
Ask your healthcare provider for more information
about these and other risk factors for a secondary
spontaneous pneumothorax:
Lung diseases and conditions:
Conditions including chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and
severe asthma can cause a secondary
pneumothorax. Cystic fibrosis may also increase
your risk for a pneumothorax. Conditions that cause
abnormal tissue growth in your lungs can cause a
spontaneous pneumothorax. Pulmonary fibrosis
occurs with an overgrowth of tissue in the lungs and
may lead to a pneumothorax
9

11. Cancer: A tumor in your lung may lead to a
pneumothorax.
Infections: Lung infections, such as
pneumonia and tuberculosis, may increase your
risk for a pneumothorax.
Autoimmune disorders: Your immune
system protects your body against infection and
disease. When you have an autoimmune
disorder, your body attacks itself instead.
Autoimmune disorders that may lead to a
pneumothorax include ankylosing spondylitis,
rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and
sarcoidosis.
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13. 12

14. 13
symptoms
1) shortness of breath
2) chest pain, which may be more severe on one side
of the chest
3) sharp pain when inhaling
4) a pressure in the chest that gets worse over time
5) blue discoloration of the skin or lips
6) increased heart rate
7) rapid breathing
8) confusion or dizziness
9) loss of consciousness or coma

16. 14Chest x-ray: This is a picture of the bones, lungs,
and other tissues in your chest. Healthcare
providers use chest x-rays to see if you have
broken ribs. These x-rays may show your
healthcare provider how large your pneumothorax
is. Chest x-rays may also show fluid around the
heart and lungs.
CT scan: This test is also called a CAT scan. An x-
ray machine uses a computer to take pictures of
your chest and lungs. Healthcare providers check
for a pneumothorax that did not show up on a chest
x-ray. You may be given dye in your IV to help
your healthcare providers see the images better.
Tell the healthcare provider if you are allergic to
shellfish or iodine. You may also be allergic to the
dye.
DIAGNOSIS

17. 15
How is a spontaneous pneumothorax
treated?
Treatment will depend on the size of your
pneumothorax. If your pneumothorax is small, it may
resolve on its own. The goal of treatment is to
remove the air from your pleural space. Once your
lung is able to fill with air, you will be able to
breathe easier. You may need any of the following:
Medicines:
Antibiotics: This medicine is given to help treat
or prevent an infection caused by bacteria.
Pain medicine: You may be given a prescription
medicine to decrease severe pain if other pain
medicines do not work. Take the medicine as
directed. Do not wait until the pain is severe
before you take your medicine.

18. Procedures:
Needle aspiration: During needle aspiration, a
needle covered with a tube is put through your skin
and into your pleural space. Your healthcare provider
will use a syringe to pull the air out of your pleural
space.
Chest tube: A chest tube may be placed to remove
air, blood, or fluid from around your collapsed lung.
This allows your lung to fill up with air when you
breathe, and helps your heart beat normally. The
chest tube is attached to a container to remove air
and collect any blood or fluid.
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19. 17
REFERENCES
https://www.drugs.com/cg/spontaneous-pneumothorax.html
https://www.slideshare.net/mohdareef/spontaneous-
pneumothorax-an-update-presentation
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Initial-chest-x-ray-
showing-pneumothorax-with-blebs_fig1_306929333
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-symptoms-of-
pneumothorax