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Plz I need your Help With these Question on page 1, 2, 3 As soon As Possible How DNA Determines Traits A distant alien planet similar to earth has been discovered. The most popular species on the planet are called "uoieriffins".A, which are some hybrid of birds, lions, and unicorns. ScienFsts, have recently obtained DNA samples and have mapped out 10 genes so far. Your job as science students is to analyze the DN sequences of the yrieriffio samples to determine which features each sample codes for. Determine which traits each type of ynigriffin has by decoding the DNA. There are a total of 10 genes, which could be two possible versions.Before you can decode the ONA samples you must FiRST transcribe the DNA to its complimentary mRNA strand. Using the mRNA codons, you can configure the amino acids to determine the traits. AUG is a start codon, and it signals the beginning of each gene. UAA is a stop codon and signals the end of a gene. Though these start and stop codes would typically be seen at the start and end of each and every gene, to save time we can assume they have already been translated for us. Tip: Transcribe the all the mRNA first, then go back and translate the amino acids, and lastly determine traits. Ulla Unigrij DNA: I CAT AGG GAG I CAAGGG TGACTT TIT | AAT AAT GAC GGG I mRNA: LGUA UCC CUC I GUTI CCC ACU GAA.AAA UUA UUA CUG CCC aminoacids: I yalser leu I val pro thr Glu Jysi Leu Les Leu prol traits: Iround ears I short wings Bird like scaled front legs I DNA: ICAC CGT CGA I GTA GTA I AGA GGG CAT I TTG TAA GGA GGG GGGTGT I mRNA: IGUG GCA GCU CAU CAUIUCU COC GLAIAAC AUU CCU CCC CCC ACAL amino acids: IVAL ALA ela | His Hisi I Ser Pro Val I Asolle Pro Ecouece Thel traits. Llong curved beak gnay Igreen eyes (round pupils like a mammal DNA. I CAATTG TTA CGG I AAA AGA CCC I GCC ATA ACA TIT I mRNA: GUUAAC AAU GCCI IUUUCU GGG CGGUAUUGUAAAUnique Unigriffin DNA: I CAGTCG IIT | ATG GGG CTT CTT IIT | GAG AAT TCACGC | mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: | GGA CAACAC | GTA GTA | CAA AAA ATG | TTA TAG AAT GAC GGG TGG | mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: I TTA TIG TTACGG | AAA AGACCT | GCAGCCTTG TGT | mRNA: amino acids: traits: Unruly Unigriffin DNA: I CATAGA TII I CAAGGATGACTTTC I GAAGAGGAGGGG I mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: CAA CGC CGA | GTA TAG | CAT AAA ATA | TTG TAA GGA GGG GGG TGT | mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: CAG TTA TIACGT I AAG AAA CCA | GCT ATG ACA TIT | MRNA: amino acids: traits:Ulla Yoigriffia Unique Unigriffir: Unruly Unigris1. Where are genes found? What does a gene do? 2. Distinguish between transcription and translation, include where they occur. 3. List the detailed steps of protein synthesis (hint: the answer is not initiation, elogation, and termination) a) b) c) 4. How does a ribosome know which protein to make an dhow to make them? 5. Random mutations may occur that cause a change in the order of nitrogen bases in a codon. One type of mutation involves the substitution of one of the nitrogen bases in a codon. a) What amino aci.
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Name: Date: Parlod: Monster Synthesis Activity Eurpase To examine how an organism's DNA
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This process is known as translation. In thit ectiliv, woe will simulate protefn synthesis by
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins
The document outlines the process of how genetic information in DNA is used to produce proteins. It discusses how DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell nucleus, and then how mRNA is translated into proteins with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The mRNA code uses three-letter combinations called codons to specify which of 20 amino acids should be included in the protein chain.
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The document outlines the process by which DNA is translated into proteins. It begins with DNA in the nucleus containing genes which provide instructions. During transcription, mRNA is produced from DNA and transports the genetic code to the cytoplasm. Translation then occurs as the mRNA code is read by ribosomes to produce proteins according to the three-letter mRNA codons that correspond to specific amino acids. Proteins are essential to cells and carry out functions specified by the genes in DNA.
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This document discusses DNA sequencing and bioinformatics. It explains that DNA sequencing has become much cheaper and faster, allowing entire genomes to be sequenced. Sequencing the human genome originally cost billions and took years, but can now be done for under $100,000. Understanding DNA sequences allows for preventing and curing diseases. The document goes on to describe what genes look like, where they are found, how they encode proteins, and how bioinformaticians can identify genes by finding open reading frames in DNA sequences.
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The document discusses gene regulation and structure. It provides information on how genes are regulated through transcription factors binding to DNA and responding to environmental conditions. It also describes where gene regulation occurs, such as during transcription, translation and protein modifications. Additionally, it contrasts differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes and gene structure, such as the presence of introns and exons in eukaryotes. Common methods for finding genes like the use of consensus splice sites and coding bias are also summarized.
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- Transcription must occur before translation. Transcription involves copying DNA into mRNA, which is then used as a template for translation.
- The LAC operon is activated under conditions where glucose is low/lactose is high. It is inactivated when glucose is high/lactose is low.
- The DNA sequence provided would be transcribed into an RNA sequence where all Ts would be replaced with Us: 3'-UAC GGC AUU GCA CAU UUU AGG GGC AAU AUU-5'
Recommended
Name- Date- Parlod- Monster Synthesis Activity Eurpase To examine how.pdf
Name: Date: Parlod: Monster Synthesis Activity Eurpase To examine how an organism's DNA
determines their phenotypes. Backerouni. Information: Your unique body tharacteristics (tralts),
such as hair color or blood typo, are deternined by the proteins your body producex. Protrins are
the building block of life - in fact, about 45% of the human body is made of preterin. These
orkanic macremelecules perform a wide range of functions including body repatr, regulaten, and
protection. Proteins are created by bonding groups of amino aclds that are coded for by the
nucleotide base sequences ( A , T , G , and C ) in your DNA DNA is trapped in the nucleus
because it is too wide to escape through the small nuclear pores in the nuclear niemtrane This is a
big isnue for the cell, since proteins are made outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. For dis
reason, a yrocess called transeription occurs. DNA passes on its nucleotide base sequences, or
code, to a singlestranded molecule called mRNA (messenger). mRNA then carries the code ouf
to the cyaplasin to the ribosomes, the site where proteins are made. When the miNA reaches the
ribosome, the code in the mRNA nucisotides are read in groups of three basos, or codons. It
takes three bases to code for a single amino acid. Each codon signals another type of RNA,
called thWA (transfee), to carry a specific amino acld into the ribosome. As amino acids
continue to bond to one another it forms a polypeptide chain that eventually results in a protein.
This process is known as translation. In thit ectiliv, woe will simulate protefn synthesis by
transerlbing the DNA and translating the mRNA of the imagiy ry UID Ol. monster You will
decode each gene to determinc the phenotgple expression of the cinvil? inaticic'a ONA, and then
draw the monster based on your resulte 1. Pick a, DNA anand fir MAIH: COMaE. Alele It TAC
ATA CGC GEC NTT Alieke 1 s. Tac HAT cod tea NTE Allele 7: taC ARA CEC GIA Nit.
Aleierlintuc tat cece areate Allele 3. TAC GCG CCC ANA ATt Mirir ia tive pur cie Gesta Arce.
Allele d- Fhe bCC Cif TTH Ats Alleie 13 TNe filt cors of ktes 2. Pick a DNA strand for EiY
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Write dowa the DNA strand and allele number on your "Monster Synthesis Data Sheet" b.
Transcribe each DNA strand into mRNA. c. Trenslate the mRNA strand into an ainino acld
sequence using the grnetic codan chart d. Write down the physiaial appearance (phenotype)
based on the amino ac.
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12.3 dna, rna, and protein
The document outlines the process by which DNA is translated into proteins. It begins with DNA in the nucleus containing genes which provide instructions. During transcription, mRNA is produced from DNA and transports the genetic code to the cytoplasm. Translation then occurs as the mRNA code is read by ribosomes to produce proteins according to the three-letter mRNA codons that correspond to specific amino acids. Proteins are essential to cells and carry out functions specified by the genes in DNA.
Bioinformatics
This document discusses DNA sequencing and bioinformatics. It explains that DNA sequencing has become much cheaper and faster, allowing entire genomes to be sequenced. Sequencing the human genome originally cost billions and took years, but can now be done for under $100,000. Understanding DNA sequences allows for preventing and curing diseases. The document goes on to describe what genes look like, where they are found, how they encode proteins, and how bioinformaticians can identify genes by finding open reading frames in DNA sequences.
Gene prediction and expression
The document discusses several key aspects of gene prediction including:
1. Gene prediction algorithms use signals like start/stop codons, splice sites, and open reading frames to identify genes computationally with near 100% accuracy.
2. There are ab initio, homology-based, and probabilistic models like Hidden Markov Models that can predict prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes.
3. Eukaryotic gene prediction is more challenging due to larger genomes, fewer genes, and intron-exon structures. Programs must consider splicing, polyadenylation, and other post-transcriptional modifications.
3.wall.transcription
The document discusses several key concepts in molecular biology including DNA, RNA, transcription, translation, and protein synthesis. It explains that DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into proteins. It describes the central dogma of molecular biology and provides more details on processes like transcription, splicing, and translation. It also discusses topics like alternative splicing, RNA editing, and RNA interference.
Genes
The document discusses gene regulation and structure. It provides information on how genes are regulated through transcription factors binding to DNA and responding to environmental conditions. It also describes where gene regulation occurs, such as during transcription, translation and protein modifications. Additionally, it contrasts differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes and gene structure, such as the presence of introns and exons in eukaryotes. Common methods for finding genes like the use of consensus splice sites and coding bias are also summarized.
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- Transcription must occur before translation. Transcription involves copying DNA into mRNA, which is then used as a template for translation.
- The LAC operon is activated under conditions where glucose is low/lactose is high. It is inactivated when glucose is high/lactose is low.
- The DNA sequence provided would be transcribed into an RNA sequence where all Ts would be replaced with Us: 3'-UAC GGC AUU GCA CAU UUU AGG GGC AAU AUU-5'
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DNA contains the master code for proteins. During transcription, mRNA is created by copying sections of DNA, which carry the code for proteins. Translation then uses the mRNA code to assemble amino acids brought by tRNA molecules. The amino acids bond together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, also known as proteins, according to the mRNA instructions. This allows DNA to direct the synthesis of proteins through intermediate RNA molecules.
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The document discusses the process by which genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated on ribosomes into amino acid chains that fold into functional proteins. The genetic code is explained, where triplets of nucleotides in mRNA (codons) encode for specific amino acids. The nearly universal nature of the genetic code is also covered.
Hoofdstuk 17 2008 deel 1
The document discusses the process by which genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated on ribosomes into proteins based on the genetic code of triplets in the mRNA that encode for specific amino acids. The central dogma of molecular biology is described as DNA -> RNA -> Protein. Key roles of different RNA molecules like mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in the translation process are also highlighted.
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Genetic code - Charateristics
The genetic code is the sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA that contains the information for protein synthesis. A codon is three nitrogen bases that code for a single amino acid. Nirenberg and Mathaei experimentally proved that codons determine amino acids. The genetic code is universal, uses non-overlapping triplets to specify amino acids in a linear, commaless fashion, and employs initiation and termination codons.
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The document summarizes key aspects of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It describes:
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Mutation, evolution, and natural selection were discussed. DNA sometimes makes mistakes during copying called mutations, which can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral. Beneficial mutations may lead to adaptations over generations through natural selection, where organisms better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes. Over time, this process can result in evolution, as populations change inherited traits to become better adapted to their environments.
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1. Substitution mutations replace one nucleotide base with another, which may result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein and alter its function.
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Translation
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Pls provide details steps as reference much appreciated Do.pdf
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Thanks!!!!
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Pathema Burkholderia Annotation Jamboree: Prokaryotic Annotation Overview
Conference: Sept 24 - 26, 2008 at the JCVI Rockville, MD Campus
Presenters: Ramana Madupu, Lauren Brinkac, Derek Harkins
Bell ringers
Here are 4 sentences using 1 vocabulary word from Evolution Part 2 in context in each sentence:
1. Directional selection occurs when a trait at one extreme of a range is favored, gradually shifting the population away from intermediate forms.
2. Stabilizing selection maintains genetic equilibrium in a population by favoring intermediate traits and eliminating extreme variants.
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The document discusses the process by which genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated on ribosomes into proteins based on the genetic code of triplets in the mRNA that encode for specific amino acids. The central dogma of molecular biology is described as DNA -> RNA -> Protein. Key roles of different RNA molecules like mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in the translation process are also highlighted.
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This document provides an overview of DNA structure and function. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the components of nucleic acids, the two types of nucleic acids, and the function of DNA. It then discusses early experiments by Griffith and others that discovered DNA's role in heredity and traits. The document explains the double helix structure of DNA and the roles of genes, chromosomes, and DNA replication in passing traits from parents to offspring. It also addresses DNA transcription and translation into proteins, as well as the causes and effects of mutations in DNA.
Genetic code - Charateristics
The genetic code is the sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA that contains the information for protein synthesis. A codon is three nitrogen bases that code for a single amino acid. Nirenberg and Mathaei experimentally proved that codons determine amino acids. The genetic code is universal, uses non-overlapping triplets to specify amino acids in a linear, commaless fashion, and employs initiation and termination codons.
Central dogma of molecular genetics valerio
The document summarizes key aspects of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It describes:
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3) The processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation and how they contribute to storing and expressing genetic information.
Mutation, evolution, and natural selection cook
Mutation, evolution, and natural selection were discussed. DNA sometimes makes mistakes during copying called mutations, which can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral. Beneficial mutations may lead to adaptations over generations through natural selection, where organisms better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes. Over time, this process can result in evolution, as populations change inherited traits to become better adapted to their environments.
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This document provides information on the molecular basis of inheritance. It discusses DNA and RNA, describing their structure and components. It explains DNA replication and how DNA acts as the genetic material. Some key models and experiments are summarized, like the DNA double helix model, DNA transcription and translation, operons, and the lac operon. It also covers topics like meiosis, mutations, and genetic engineering techniques like DNA fingerprinting. The human genome project is described, along with its goals and methodologies. Salient features of the human genome are highlighted.
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The genetic code serves as nature's instruction manual, dictating how genetic information is translated into proteins essential for life. Comprised of codons which code for specific amino acid or signaling the start or end of protein synthesis. This code exhibits redundancy and universality across organisms, In essence, the genetic code is the foundation of biological diversity and functionality, shaping the characteristics and functions of all living beings.
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1. The document outlines the process of translation, which involves mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes working together to produce proteins from genetic instructions.
2. Translation occurs in three stages - initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the ribosome and first tRNA bind to the mRNA start codon. Elongation adds additional amino acids one by one. Termination releases the finished protein.
3. Point mutations like substitutions, insertions, or deletions can potentially alter the genetic code and change the resulting protein sequence, but some changes may have no effect depending on redundancy in the genetic code.
DNA Connection
1. Substitution mutations replace one nucleotide base with another, which may result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein and alter its function.
2. Deletion mutations remove one or more nucleotide bases, which may cause a frameshift in protein translation and result in a nonfunctional protein.
3. Insertion mutations add one or more extra nucleotide bases, which also often causes a frameshift and the production of a truncated, nonfunctional protein.
Central dogma
This document provides an overview of fundamentals in sequence analysis, including basic biology concepts and database searching. It discusses the central dogma of molecular biology, gene and protein structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, genetic code, RNA, tRNA, open reading frames, repeats, pseudogenes, and protein processing and localization. Key concepts covered include transcription, translation, exons, introns, promoters, operons, and the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Translation
The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology and the process of translation. It explains that mRNA is translated to a polypeptide or protein via the genetic code. The genetic code uses triplet codons consisting of 3 nucleotide bases to specify each amino acid. It notes some key aspects of the genetic code including that it is universal, redundant, and contains start and stop signals. The document also provides an overview of the stages of translation: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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Verdadero
FALSO
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a
T3
b
T5
C
T4
d
T2
mi
T1
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Verdadero
FALSO
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Verdadero
FALSO
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Verdadero
FALSO
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a
Los empleados se consideran una de las partes interesadas ms obvias y, quizs, ms importantes.
b
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C
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d
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mi
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b
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C
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d
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mi
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a
Clientes
b
acreedores
C
Competidores
d
sindicatos
mi
Comunidades
Este es uno solo, ya que es parte de mi tarea, no necesito ninguna explicacin. por favor necesito
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a T3
b T5
C T4
d T2
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Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Plz I need your Help With these Question on page 1 2 3 As.pdf
- 1. Plz I need your Help With these Question on page 1, 2, 3 As soon As Possible How DNA Determines Traits A distant alien planet similar to earth has been discovered. The most popular species on the planet are called "uoieriffins".A, which are some hybrid of birds, lions, and unicorns. ScienFsts, have recently obtained DNA samples and have mapped out 10 genes so far. Your job as science students is to analyze the DN sequences of the yrieriffio samples to determine which features each sample codes for. Determine which traits each type of ynigriffin has by decoding the DNA. There are a total of 10 genes, which could be two possible versions.Before you can decode the ONA samples you must FiRST transcribe the DNA to its complimentary mRNA strand. Using the mRNA codons, you can configure the amino acids to determine the traits. AUG is a start codon, and it signals the beginning of each gene. UAA is a stop codon and signals the end of a gene. Though these start and stop codes would typically be seen at the start and end of each and every gene, to save time we can assume they have already been translated for us. Tip: Transcribe the all the mRNA first, then go back and translate the amino acids, and lastly determine traits. Ulla Unigrij DNA: I CAT AGG GAG I CAAGGG TGACTT TIT | AAT AAT GAC GGG I mRNA: LGUA UCC CUC I GUTI CCC ACU GAA.AAA UUA UUA CUG CCC aminoacids: I yalser leu I val pro thr Glu Jysi Leu Les Leu prol traits: Iround ears I short wings Bird like scaled front legs I DNA: ICAC CGT CGA I GTA GTA I AGA GGG CAT I TTG TAA GGA GGG GGGTGT I mRNA: IGUG GCA GCU CAU CAUIUCU COC GLAIAAC AUU CCU CCC CCC ACAL amino acids: IVAL ALA ela | His Hisi I Ser Pro Val I Asolle Pro Ecouece Thel traits. Llong curved beak gnay Igreen eyes (round pupils like a mammal DNA. I CAATTG TTA CGG I AAA AGA CCC I GCC ATA ACA TIT I mRNA: GUUAAC AAU GCCI IUUUCU GGG CGGUAUUGUAAAUnique Unigriffin DNA: I CAGTCG IIT | ATG GGG CTT CTT IIT | GAG AAT TCACGC | mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: | GGA CAACAC | GTA GTA | CAA AAA ATG | TTA TAG AAT GAC GGG TGG | mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: I TTA TIG TTACGG | AAA AGACCT | GCAGCCTTG TGT | mRNA: amino acids: traits: Unruly Unigriffin DNA: I CATAGA TII I CAAGGATGACTTTC I GAAGAGGAGGGG I mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: CAA CGC CGA | GTA TAG | CAT AAA ATA | TTG TAA GGA GGG GGG TGT | mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: CAG TTA TIACGT I AAG AAA CCA | GCT ATG ACA TIT | MRNA: amino acids: traits:Ulla Yoigriffia Unique Unigriffir: Unruly Unigris1. Where are genes found? What does a gene do? 2. Distinguish between transcription and translation, include where they occur. 3. List the detailed steps of protein synthesis (hint: the answer is not initiation, elogation, and termination) a) b) c) 4. How does a ribosome know which protein to make an dhow to make them? 5. Random mutations may occur that cause a change in the order of nitrogen bases in a codon. One type of mutation involves the substitution of one of the nitrogen bases in a codon. a) What amino acid is called for by the GCG codon? b) A random mutation occurs and the GCG eender is changed to GCA. What effect does this substitution have on the amino acid being called for? Explain your answer. c) A radon mutation occurs and the GCG codon is changed to CCG. What effect does this substitution have on the amino acid being called for? Explain your answer. d) Based on your above answers, do all substitutions cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein? Explain. 6. A trame-shift mutation involves the addition or deletion of a base in the nitrogen base sequence. Do vou think a addition or deletion at the beginning of the sequence or at the end of the sequence would have a greater effect? Explain.