The document outlines objectives and processes for purchases and cash disbursements in both manual and computer-based accounting systems. Key points include: manual systems require segregation of duties between inventory, purchasing, receiving, and accounts payable; authorization and documentation provide audit trails; computerization automates tasks but requires controls over access, supervision, and verification of automated processes.
The document outlines objectives and processes for purchases and cash disbursement systems. It describes manual systems including document flows, roles, and controls. It then discusses how computer-based accounting systems automate tasks and impact segregation of duties, authorization, records, and verification controls. Automation can consolidate tasks but requires greater supervision, access controls, and verification of computer programs and data.
This document outlines the objectives and key concepts around coding schemes, general ledger systems, financial reporting systems, and management reporting systems from Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition by James A. Hall. It discusses various types of coding schemes (sequential, block, group, alphabetic, mnemonic), the functions and components of a general ledger system, controls over the general ledger/financial reporting system, and factors that influence the design of management reporting systems such as management principles, functions/levels/decision types, problem structure, types of reports, responsibility accounting, and behavioral considerations.
The document outlines the current and proposed systems for the revenue and expenditure cycles of USA Cycle Company. It includes data flow diagrams and flowcharts showing the current and proposed processes for sales orders, sales returns, cash receipts, purchases, and cash disbursements. The proposed systems aim to improve upon the current systems for managing transactions within each cycle.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 4 from the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 8e" by James A. Hall. The chapter discusses the revenue cycle, including the conceptual revenue cycle processes of sales order processing, sales returns, and cash receipts. It then describes the physical revenue cycle for basic and advanced technology systems. For basic systems, the revenue cycle processes are described step-by-step and controls are outlined. For advanced systems, integrated processes and additional IT controls are discussed.
Lecture 23 expenditure cycle part ii -fixed assets accounting information sy...Habib Ullah Qamar
The document discusses fixed asset systems and their differences from inventory systems. Fixed asset systems process transactions for acquiring, maintaining, and disposing of long-term assets like land, buildings, and equipment. They record asset costs, depreciation, and location. Fixed asset transactions require approval since assets are long-term investments, unlike routine inventory purchases. Additionally, fixed assets are capitalized and depreciated over multiple periods, unlike inventories which are expensed immediately. The document also describes the acquisition, maintenance, and disposal processes in a computerized fixed asset system and the authorization and verification controls used.
Lecture 21 expenditure cycle part i - accounting information systesm james ...Habib Ullah Qamar
the expenditure cycle, the physical phase, financial phase, the purchases system, the cash disbursement system, conceptual revenue cycle, manual revenue cycle and computer based accounting information systems
This document provides objectives and content for Chapter 3 of an accounting information systems textbook. It covers broad topics like business ethics, fraud, and internal controls. Regarding business ethics, it discusses how managers determine right conduct and achieve ethical goals. It defines fraud and common schemes, and internal controls aim to safeguard assets, ensure accurate records, promote efficiency, and ensure compliance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act addressed auditor independence, corporate governance, and disclosure in response to scandals.
The document discusses traditional batch production processes and cost accounting systems, as well as lean manufacturing principles. Specifically, it describes:
1) The key elements and procedures of traditional batch production, including production planning and control, inventory control, and cost accounting.
2) How lean manufacturing aims to minimize waste and inventory through principles like pull processing and perfect quality.
3) How world-class companies pursue continuous improvements and often adopt lean manufacturing models using advanced technologies and accounting methods.
The document outlines objectives and processes for purchases and cash disbursement systems. It describes manual systems including document flows, roles, and controls. It then discusses how computer-based accounting systems automate tasks and impact segregation of duties, authorization, records, and verification controls. Automation can consolidate tasks but requires greater supervision, access controls, and verification of computer programs and data.
This document outlines the objectives and key concepts around coding schemes, general ledger systems, financial reporting systems, and management reporting systems from Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition by James A. Hall. It discusses various types of coding schemes (sequential, block, group, alphabetic, mnemonic), the functions and components of a general ledger system, controls over the general ledger/financial reporting system, and factors that influence the design of management reporting systems such as management principles, functions/levels/decision types, problem structure, types of reports, responsibility accounting, and behavioral considerations.
The document outlines the current and proposed systems for the revenue and expenditure cycles of USA Cycle Company. It includes data flow diagrams and flowcharts showing the current and proposed processes for sales orders, sales returns, cash receipts, purchases, and cash disbursements. The proposed systems aim to improve upon the current systems for managing transactions within each cycle.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 4 from the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 8e" by James A. Hall. The chapter discusses the revenue cycle, including the conceptual revenue cycle processes of sales order processing, sales returns, and cash receipts. It then describes the physical revenue cycle for basic and advanced technology systems. For basic systems, the revenue cycle processes are described step-by-step and controls are outlined. For advanced systems, integrated processes and additional IT controls are discussed.
Lecture 23 expenditure cycle part ii -fixed assets accounting information sy...Habib Ullah Qamar
The document discusses fixed asset systems and their differences from inventory systems. Fixed asset systems process transactions for acquiring, maintaining, and disposing of long-term assets like land, buildings, and equipment. They record asset costs, depreciation, and location. Fixed asset transactions require approval since assets are long-term investments, unlike routine inventory purchases. Additionally, fixed assets are capitalized and depreciated over multiple periods, unlike inventories which are expensed immediately. The document also describes the acquisition, maintenance, and disposal processes in a computerized fixed asset system and the authorization and verification controls used.
Lecture 21 expenditure cycle part i - accounting information systesm james ...Habib Ullah Qamar
the expenditure cycle, the physical phase, financial phase, the purchases system, the cash disbursement system, conceptual revenue cycle, manual revenue cycle and computer based accounting information systems
This document provides objectives and content for Chapter 3 of an accounting information systems textbook. It covers broad topics like business ethics, fraud, and internal controls. Regarding business ethics, it discusses how managers determine right conduct and achieve ethical goals. It defines fraud and common schemes, and internal controls aim to safeguard assets, ensure accurate records, promote efficiency, and ensure compliance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act addressed auditor independence, corporate governance, and disclosure in response to scandals.
The document discusses traditional batch production processes and cost accounting systems, as well as lean manufacturing principles. Specifically, it describes:
1) The key elements and procedures of traditional batch production, including production planning and control, inventory control, and cost accounting.
2) How lean manufacturing aims to minimize waste and inventory through principles like pull processing and perfect quality.
3) How world-class companies pursue continuous improvements and often adopt lean manufacturing models using advanced technologies and accounting methods.
The document provides objectives and content for Chapter 4 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It covers the revenue cycle, including key processes like sales orders, billing, cash receipts, and collections. It describes the flow of transactions, necessary documents and journals, risks and controls at each step. It also discusses how technology can automate or reengineer the revenue cycle through systems like real-time processing, EDI, point-of-sale, and the implications for internal controls.
This document outlines the objectives and key topics to be covered in Chapter 15 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It will discuss the key provisions of Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including management responsibilities for internal controls over financial reporting. It will also cover IT controls related to financial reporting, risks of incompatible functions in IT organizational structures, controls over computer facilities, and elements of an effective disaster recovery plan.
This document outlines the objectives and key concepts discussed in Chapter 2 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It discusses the three transaction cycles of expenditures, conversions, and revenues. It describes the traditional manual accounting records and their computer-based equivalents. It also explains documentation techniques for computerized accounting systems such as entity relationship diagrams, data flow diagrams, document flowcharts, system flowcharts, and program flowcharts. Finally, it compares batch processing versus real-time processing approaches.
Lecture 18 revenue cycle - accounting information systesm james a. hall boo...Habib Ullah Qamar
Chapter 4 Accounting information system, the revenue cycle, overview, three key processes, physical system, Sales order processing, sales return processing, cash receipts and controls over revenue cycle
This document outlines objectives and procedures for manual and computerized payroll and fixed asset accounting systems. For payroll, it describes processing steps from timekeeping and payroll preparation to general ledger posting. Key controls are transaction authorization, segregation of duties, and independent verification. For fixed assets, it outlines the asset lifecycle from acquisition to disposal and depreciation calculation. Computerized systems automate many tasks but still require authorization and verification controls.
Awara Purchase Manager is an electronic invoice processing system that enables companies to efficiently control purchases from initiation to payment. It brings order to the invoice process and helps ensure compliance with laws like FCPA. The system allows companies to set controls like restricting purchases to approved suppliers and initiators. It also facilitates detecting irregularities by monitoring the history of each purchase. Awara Purchase Manager integrates with other financial software to enhance the accuracy of reports and optimize tax deductions.
Lecture 17 sas framework internal control - james a. hall book chapter 3Habib Ullah Qamar
SAS Framework,Chapter 3 Of Accounting Information System. Frauds ,ethics and Internal Control, Levels of SAS-78/COSO Framework. The Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Monitoring, Supervision and in the end Control Acvities
The document discusses key considerations for accounting systems on projects and annual financial reporting requirements. It addresses questions to consider like stakeholders' information needs, what to account for, required records, and accounting guidelines. Revenue-earning and non-revenue entities have different financial statement requirements. Projects need consolidated reporting if multiple agencies are involved. Applying international standards helps ensure comparability.
The document discusses accounting systems and control. It covers the development of accounting systems, including factors influencing systems, procedures, principles and outputs. It also discusses control in accounting, including purposes, characteristics, internal audit and external audit.
U5 c49 c60 - accounting in computerized environment ver 7.0prasannakmp05
This document discusses key aspects of accounting in a computerized environment:
1) It describes the significance of computerized accounting systems for benefits like speed, accuracy, flexibility and lower costs. Prepackaged accounting software is also discussed.
2) The importance of codifying and grouping accounts is explained to facilitate reporting. Accounts are classified into major heads, sub-heads and detailed objects.
3) Maintaining the hierarchy of ledgers like the general, debtors and creditors ledgers is automated in computerized systems through proper account coding.
4) Features of prepackaged accounting software include data entry screens, automatic updating and calculations, integration with databases and payroll processing capabilities. Both advantages and limitations are outlined
Accounting information systems overview of business processesRatnadeep Gautam
The document discusses the key functions and components of an accounting information system (AIS). The three main functions of an AIS are to: 1) collect and process transaction data efficiently, 2) provide useful financial and managerial reports, and 3) ensure reliable information and safeguard assets through adequate internal controls. It describes the transaction cycles, documents, ledgers, and reports used in an AIS, emphasizing the importance of proper documentation, segregation of duties, and other controls.
Learn more about the accounts payable process & its related procedures. Find out the importance & challenges involved in accounts payable processing.
https://nanonets.com/blog/accounts-payable-process/
The document describes the order to cash (OTC) process, including taking customer orders, fulfilling orders, shipping, generating invoices, and collecting payments. It discusses the key sub-processes, purpose, process flow, and how improving OTC is a strategic priority for companies. The OTC process touches many departments and applications within a company.
Sandy Wahyu Utomo_1202144068_Business Processes in Financial Accountingsandywahyuutomo
This document provides summaries of key SAP concepts:
- Business areas segment reporting within a company group, controlling areas define cost accounting units, and reconciliation accounts connect subsidiary ledgers to the general ledger.
- Document types distinguish accounting documents, procurement involves determining needs, selecting suppliers, and monitoring purchase orders.
- Foreign currency valuation translates open items into the local currency, while regrouping accounts payable reclassifies vendors with debit balances.
- Dunning involves automatic monitoring and notification of overdue invoices according to configured procedures. Account receivable analysis provides metrics like payment history and days sales outstanding.
- Assets are assigned to company codes and business areas, and their balances can be valued differently
Sandy Wahyu Utomo_1202144068_Business Processes in Financial Accountingsandywahyuutomo
This document provides summaries of key SAP finance and accounting concepts:
1) Business areas, controlling areas, reconciliation accounts, and document types are organizational structures and tools for segment reporting, cost management, connecting subsidiary ledgers to the general ledger, and distinguishing accounting documents.
2) The procurement cycle describes the process for demand determination, supplier selection, purchase order handling, goods receipt, invoice verification, and payment processing.
3) Foreign currency valuation, regrouping accounts payable, incoming payments, dunning functions and procedures, and the account receivable information system are processes for handling multi-currency transactions, credit balances, cash receipts, overdue payments, and analyzing receivables data.
The document discusses accounting information systems and manual vs computerized accounting systems. It provides details on the basic features and principles of an efficient accounting information system. It then describes the processes involved in manual accounting systems and key components and functions of computerized accounting systems like hardware, software, and personnel. It also summarizes the use of special journals like sales, purchases, cash receipts and payments journals in the recording and posting process.
This document discusses accounting systems and controls. It defines an accounting system as an organized set of methods and procedures to gather, record, and report accurate financial data for management decision making. Key components of an accounting system include people, procedures, data, software, IT infrastructure, and internal controls. The document also outlines principles for developing, implementing, and evaluating an effective accounting system, as well as principles of accounting controls like segregation of duties, documentation, and internal verification.
This document describes the new features and enhancements in the 2007 version of SAP Business One. It covers updates to installation, internal reconciliation, financials, logistics, add-ons, and miscellaneous areas. Key changes include enhancements to internal reconciliation processes, cost accounting distribution rules, tax calculation, serial/batch handling, credit memos, and landed costs. The document also provides instructions for exercises to test some of the new features.
TRANSACTION LIFE CYCLES;PURCHASE AND CASH DISBURSEMENTSTopic 5.pptPascalOtieno
This document discusses the expenditure cycle and related accounting processes. It covers the key departments and documents involved in purchasing, receiving, and cash disbursements. The goals of the expenditure cycle are to purchase needed items from reliable vendors at the best price while ensuring proper authorization and timely payment. The document also examines how technology impacts these processes, including the use of computer-based accounting systems, electronic data interchange, and internal controls in automated environments.
The document provides objectives and content for Chapter 4 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It covers the revenue cycle, including key processes like sales orders, billing, cash receipts, and collections. It describes the flow of transactions, necessary documents and journals, risks and controls at each step. It also discusses how technology can automate or reengineer the revenue cycle through systems like real-time processing, EDI, point-of-sale, and the implications for internal controls in computer-based environments.
The document provides objectives and content for Chapter 4 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It covers the revenue cycle, including key processes like sales orders, billing, cash receipts, and collections. It describes the flow of transactions, necessary documents and journals, risks and controls at each step. It also discusses how technology can automate or reengineer the revenue cycle through systems like real-time processing, EDI, point-of-sale, and the implications for internal controls.
This document outlines the objectives and key topics to be covered in Chapter 15 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It will discuss the key provisions of Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including management responsibilities for internal controls over financial reporting. It will also cover IT controls related to financial reporting, risks of incompatible functions in IT organizational structures, controls over computer facilities, and elements of an effective disaster recovery plan.
This document outlines the objectives and key concepts discussed in Chapter 2 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It discusses the three transaction cycles of expenditures, conversions, and revenues. It describes the traditional manual accounting records and their computer-based equivalents. It also explains documentation techniques for computerized accounting systems such as entity relationship diagrams, data flow diagrams, document flowcharts, system flowcharts, and program flowcharts. Finally, it compares batch processing versus real-time processing approaches.
Lecture 18 revenue cycle - accounting information systesm james a. hall boo...Habib Ullah Qamar
Chapter 4 Accounting information system, the revenue cycle, overview, three key processes, physical system, Sales order processing, sales return processing, cash receipts and controls over revenue cycle
This document outlines objectives and procedures for manual and computerized payroll and fixed asset accounting systems. For payroll, it describes processing steps from timekeeping and payroll preparation to general ledger posting. Key controls are transaction authorization, segregation of duties, and independent verification. For fixed assets, it outlines the asset lifecycle from acquisition to disposal and depreciation calculation. Computerized systems automate many tasks but still require authorization and verification controls.
Awara Purchase Manager is an electronic invoice processing system that enables companies to efficiently control purchases from initiation to payment. It brings order to the invoice process and helps ensure compliance with laws like FCPA. The system allows companies to set controls like restricting purchases to approved suppliers and initiators. It also facilitates detecting irregularities by monitoring the history of each purchase. Awara Purchase Manager integrates with other financial software to enhance the accuracy of reports and optimize tax deductions.
Lecture 17 sas framework internal control - james a. hall book chapter 3Habib Ullah Qamar
SAS Framework,Chapter 3 Of Accounting Information System. Frauds ,ethics and Internal Control, Levels of SAS-78/COSO Framework. The Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Monitoring, Supervision and in the end Control Acvities
The document discusses key considerations for accounting systems on projects and annual financial reporting requirements. It addresses questions to consider like stakeholders' information needs, what to account for, required records, and accounting guidelines. Revenue-earning and non-revenue entities have different financial statement requirements. Projects need consolidated reporting if multiple agencies are involved. Applying international standards helps ensure comparability.
The document discusses accounting systems and control. It covers the development of accounting systems, including factors influencing systems, procedures, principles and outputs. It also discusses control in accounting, including purposes, characteristics, internal audit and external audit.
U5 c49 c60 - accounting in computerized environment ver 7.0prasannakmp05
This document discusses key aspects of accounting in a computerized environment:
1) It describes the significance of computerized accounting systems for benefits like speed, accuracy, flexibility and lower costs. Prepackaged accounting software is also discussed.
2) The importance of codifying and grouping accounts is explained to facilitate reporting. Accounts are classified into major heads, sub-heads and detailed objects.
3) Maintaining the hierarchy of ledgers like the general, debtors and creditors ledgers is automated in computerized systems through proper account coding.
4) Features of prepackaged accounting software include data entry screens, automatic updating and calculations, integration with databases and payroll processing capabilities. Both advantages and limitations are outlined
Accounting information systems overview of business processesRatnadeep Gautam
The document discusses the key functions and components of an accounting information system (AIS). The three main functions of an AIS are to: 1) collect and process transaction data efficiently, 2) provide useful financial and managerial reports, and 3) ensure reliable information and safeguard assets through adequate internal controls. It describes the transaction cycles, documents, ledgers, and reports used in an AIS, emphasizing the importance of proper documentation, segregation of duties, and other controls.
Learn more about the accounts payable process & its related procedures. Find out the importance & challenges involved in accounts payable processing.
https://nanonets.com/blog/accounts-payable-process/
The document describes the order to cash (OTC) process, including taking customer orders, fulfilling orders, shipping, generating invoices, and collecting payments. It discusses the key sub-processes, purpose, process flow, and how improving OTC is a strategic priority for companies. The OTC process touches many departments and applications within a company.
Sandy Wahyu Utomo_1202144068_Business Processes in Financial Accountingsandywahyuutomo
This document provides summaries of key SAP concepts:
- Business areas segment reporting within a company group, controlling areas define cost accounting units, and reconciliation accounts connect subsidiary ledgers to the general ledger.
- Document types distinguish accounting documents, procurement involves determining needs, selecting suppliers, and monitoring purchase orders.
- Foreign currency valuation translates open items into the local currency, while regrouping accounts payable reclassifies vendors with debit balances.
- Dunning involves automatic monitoring and notification of overdue invoices according to configured procedures. Account receivable analysis provides metrics like payment history and days sales outstanding.
- Assets are assigned to company codes and business areas, and their balances can be valued differently
Sandy Wahyu Utomo_1202144068_Business Processes in Financial Accountingsandywahyuutomo
This document provides summaries of key SAP finance and accounting concepts:
1) Business areas, controlling areas, reconciliation accounts, and document types are organizational structures and tools for segment reporting, cost management, connecting subsidiary ledgers to the general ledger, and distinguishing accounting documents.
2) The procurement cycle describes the process for demand determination, supplier selection, purchase order handling, goods receipt, invoice verification, and payment processing.
3) Foreign currency valuation, regrouping accounts payable, incoming payments, dunning functions and procedures, and the account receivable information system are processes for handling multi-currency transactions, credit balances, cash receipts, overdue payments, and analyzing receivables data.
The document discusses accounting information systems and manual vs computerized accounting systems. It provides details on the basic features and principles of an efficient accounting information system. It then describes the processes involved in manual accounting systems and key components and functions of computerized accounting systems like hardware, software, and personnel. It also summarizes the use of special journals like sales, purchases, cash receipts and payments journals in the recording and posting process.
This document discusses accounting systems and controls. It defines an accounting system as an organized set of methods and procedures to gather, record, and report accurate financial data for management decision making. Key components of an accounting system include people, procedures, data, software, IT infrastructure, and internal controls. The document also outlines principles for developing, implementing, and evaluating an effective accounting system, as well as principles of accounting controls like segregation of duties, documentation, and internal verification.
This document describes the new features and enhancements in the 2007 version of SAP Business One. It covers updates to installation, internal reconciliation, financials, logistics, add-ons, and miscellaneous areas. Key changes include enhancements to internal reconciliation processes, cost accounting distribution rules, tax calculation, serial/batch handling, credit memos, and landed costs. The document also provides instructions for exercises to test some of the new features.
TRANSACTION LIFE CYCLES;PURCHASE AND CASH DISBURSEMENTSTopic 5.pptPascalOtieno
This document discusses the expenditure cycle and related accounting processes. It covers the key departments and documents involved in purchasing, receiving, and cash disbursements. The goals of the expenditure cycle are to purchase needed items from reliable vendors at the best price while ensuring proper authorization and timely payment. The document also examines how technology impacts these processes, including the use of computer-based accounting systems, electronic data interchange, and internal controls in automated environments.
The document provides objectives and content for Chapter 4 of the textbook "Accounting Information Systems, 6th edition". It covers the revenue cycle, including key processes like sales orders, billing, cash receipts, and collections. It describes the flow of transactions, necessary documents and journals, risks and controls at each step. It also discusses how technology can automate or reengineer the revenue cycle through systems like real-time processing, EDI, point-of-sale, and the implications for internal controls in computer-based environments.
The document discusses the revenue cycle in accounting information systems. It describes the key tasks and functional departments involved in the revenue cycle, including generating journal vouchers for billing, inventory control, and cash receipts. It also outlines the typical documents, files, and flow of transactions for manual and computerized revenue cycle processes like sales order processing, sales returns, and cash receipts. Finally, it discusses how technology can automate or reengineer different parts of the revenue cycle through real-time processing, point of sale systems, and electronic data interchange.
The document outlines objectives for Chapter 4 which include understanding the revenue cycle process, functional departments involved and flow of transactions, documentation needed for auditing and reporting, risks and controls, and implications of technology automation. It then provides details on the typical revenue cycle processes including sales orders, returns, and cash receipts. It describes manual and automated approaches and how technology such as real-time processing, point-of-sale systems, and EDI can reengineer the revenue cycle.
09.2 audit siklus pembelian dan pembayaranMulyadi Yusuf
The document describes a manual purchases and cash disbursement system and how it could be automated using a computer-based accounting system (CBAS). In a manual system, purchase requisitions and orders are prepared on paper and routed between departments, while cash disbursements involves manually preparing checks. A CBAS allows routing of documents and authorizations electronically and automating processes like check printing. However, it also concentrates duties, so internal controls must focus on areas like access restrictions, supervision, and independent verification to prevent fraud.
The document outlines best practices for accounts payable processes. It discusses objectives like ensuring efficient invoice processing and timely payments. Key aspects covered include centralizing AP, maintaining accurate supplier details, processing vouchers and payments, performing period end closing activities, and using IT systems to support automation. Controls, performance metrics, trends toward greater automation, and critical success factors are also summarized.
The document discusses the accounts payable (AP) process. It describes the basic AP workflow, which includes receiving bills/invoices from vendors, verifying the data, updating records, making payments by the due date, and closing accounts. Automating the AP process can streamline workflow, eliminate errors, integrate payments, and prevent fraud. Modern AP automation uses optical character recognition and artificial intelligence to capture invoice data and automate accounting tasks.
The Accounts Payment Cycle represents the sequence of all essential steps that must be followed by the production, purchasing/procurement, and accounting departments to complete all activities required for the procurement of goods and services comprising three major phases.
Here are the answers to the practice questions:
1. The three transaction cycles that exist in all businesses are:
- Expenditure cycle
- Conversion cycle
- Revenue cycle
2. The major subsystems of the expenditure cycle are:
- Purchases/accounts payable system
- Cash disbursements system
- Payroll system
- Fixed asset system
3. The physical component of the expenditure cycle is the acquisition of goods or services. The financial component is the cash disbursement to the supplier, which occurs at a later point after the physical receipt of goods/services.
4. A general journal is used to record non-recurring or infrequent transactions. Journal vouchers
Best practices for automating invoice Approval Process for PO vs. Non Po Invo...Aavenir
From invoices collection and entering invoice data to approvals and payments – each step in the accounts payable has its own challenges. Take a peek at how AI-powered invoice data capture and processing can optimize AP processes. https://aavenir.com/best-practices-automating-invoice-approval-process-for-po-vs-non-po-invoices/
Accounting systems are developed based on factors like business size and transactions. They produce financial statements and must be relevant, reliable, understandable and timely. Control in accounting ensures objectives are met through internal controls like segregation of duties and documentation. Internal and external audits provide independent verification of controls and financial reporting.
09.1 audit siklus penjualan dan penerimaanMulyadi Yusuf
The document discusses audit procedures for testing controls and performing substantive tests in the revenue cycle. It describes testing input controls like credit authorization and validation controls. It also discusses testing process controls such as file update controls and access controls. The document outlines testing output controls and understanding the client's data files and structures. It provides examples of substantive tests like reviewing sales invoices for unusual trends, confirming accounts receivable, and assessing valuation of accounts receivable.
The document outlines the objectives and key concepts of transaction cycles and accounting information systems. It discusses the three transaction cycles - expenditure, conversion, and revenue - and the basic accounting records used in traditional and computer-based systems. It also describes documentation techniques like entity relationship diagrams and data/document flowcharts. Finally, it compares batch and real-time processing approaches and the characteristics of modern versus legacy computerized accounting systems.
Introduction to Transaction Processing Chapter No. 2Qamar Farooq
The document outlines the objectives and key concepts of transaction cycles and accounting information systems. It discusses the three transaction cycles - expenditure, conversion, and revenue - and the basic accounting records used in traditional and computer-based systems, including source documents, journals, ledgers, and documentation techniques like entity relationship diagrams and flowcharts. It also explains the differences between batch processing and real-time systems.
Budgeting is a constant in any business environment. How do you ensure you're purchasing goods and services of sufficient quality to keep your manufacturing and internal operations growing while keeping costs in check? We're all accustomed to making purchase decisions in our daily lives, but the way businesses do it is a whole field.
This document discusses integrated financial supply chain management for a coal mining company. It covers the physical and financial supply chains involved in coal production and sales. The financial supply chain management of a coal company consists of three main components: the procure-to-pay cycle, working capital management, and the order-to-cash cycle. It describes the key processes involved in each component, such as vendor selection, purchase orders, receiving, invoicing, and accounts receivable/payable. The goal is to efficiently manage cash flow, inventory, and relationships with suppliers/customers.
Pertemuan membahas pengenalan struktur data dan paradigma rekayasa perangkat lunak. Topik utama meliputi pengenalan komputer, algoritma, struktur data, dan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak seperti daur hidup klasik, prototipe, dan model spiral."
1. Modul ini membahas pengenalan Adobe Photoshop CS3 dan komponen-komponennya seperti menu bar, tool box, dan pallete. Modul ini juga membahas tentang cara membuat dan memodifikasi lembar kerja/kanvas.
2. Modul ini juga membahas tentang layer dan duplikat layer yang berguna untuk mengedit gambar tanpa mengubah layer lain. Juga dibahas tentang channel dan path.
3. Modul menjelaskan berbagai macam koreksi warna sepert
Modul ini memberikan petunjuk penggunaan program Adobe Photoshop Cs3 untuk mahasiswa agar dapat mengerjakan berbagai desain seperti iklan. Modul ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk menyusun karya seni menggunakan fitur Photoshop.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang mata kuliah Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) Komputer. Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang pengertian SIM, peranan SIM dalam perusahaan, perancangan dan penerapan SIM berbasis komputer, serta daftar referensi buku yang relevan.
Interaksi manusia dengan komputer membahas prinsip dasar perancangan sistem interaksi yang mempertimbangkan kaidah interaksi dan komunikasi antara manusia dan komputer. Materi yang dibahas meliputi saluran input-output manusia, memori manusia, penalaran dan pemecahan masalah, serta desain interaksi dan gaya berinteraksi antara manusia dan komputer. Tujuannya agar mahasiswa dapat merancang sistem interaksi yang mendukung kemampuan
Makalah ini membahas tentang jaringan komputer dengan menjelaskan definisi jaringan komputer, manfaatnya untuk perusahaan, umum, dan masalah sosialnya, serta menjelaskan tiga jenis jaringan berdasarkan jaraknya yaitu LAN, MAN, dan WAN."
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) yang merupakan model representasi data menggunakan entity dan hubungan antar entity. ERD digunakan untuk merancang basis data relasional dengan mendefinisikan entity, atribut, hubungan, dan constraint. Dokumen ini menjelaskan komponen-komponen ERD seperti entity, atribut, hubungan, cardinality ratio, dan transformasi ERD menjadi skema basis data relasional.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang jenis-jenis dan konsep sistem penunjang keputusan serta tingkat teknologi dan pihak-pihak yang berperan dalam pengembangannya. Kemudian diberikan contoh kasus rancangan global SPK untuk pemilihan komoditas dan produk unggulan nanas menggunakan metode perbandingan eksponensial dan matriks keputusan. Proyek selanjutnya adalah membuat rancangan SPK untuk masalah l
Teks tersebut membahas beberapa pendekatan pengembangan sistem aplikasi, yaitu pendekatan berorientasi proses, pendekatan berorientasi objek, dan pendekatan SADT. Pendekatan berorientasi proses berfokus pada proses sistem, pendekatan berorientasi objek berfokus pada data, sedangkan pendekatan SADT menggunakan diagram aktivitas dan data.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang sistem database, termasuk hierarki data, sumber data, diagram entity relationship (E-R), dan sistem manajemen basis data. Secara ringkas, dokumen ini menjelaskan struktur organisasi data dari tingkat terkecil hingga terbesar, komponen penting dalam sumber data seperti entitas dan atribut, jenis hubungan antar entitas dalam diagram E-R, serta model-model data yang umum digunakan dalam sistem basis data.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
2. Objectives for Chapter 5
Fundamental tasks performed during purchases and cash
disbursement processes
Functional areas involved in purchases and cash
disbursements and the flow of these transactions through
the organization
Documents, journals, and accounts that provide audit
trails, promote the maintenance of records, and support
decision making and financial reporting
Risks associated with purchase and cash disbursements
activities and the controls that reduce these risks
Operational features and the control implications of
technology used in purchases and cash disbursement
systems
14. Manual Cash Disbursements System
Cash Disbursements:
prepares the check
records the information in a check register (cash
disbursements journal)
returns paid vouchers to accounts payable, mails the
check to the supplier
sends a journal voucher to G/L:
Accounts Payable DR
Cash CR
15. Manual Cash Disbursements System
G/L department receives:
the journal voucher from cash disbursements
a summary of the accounts payable subsidiary ledger
from A/P
The journal voucher is used to update the
general ledger.
The accounts payable control account is
reconciled with the subsidiary summary.
18. Levels of Automating and Reengineering
Ordering
Computer generates PR
Purchases manually generates PO
Computer generates PO (no PR needed)
PO not sent until manually reviewed
Computer‐generated PO is automatically sent without
manual review
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Computer‐to‐computer communication without PO
19. Expenditure Cycle Database
Master Files • Other Files
supplier (vendor) master file – supplier reference and
accounts payable master file history file
merchandise inventory master – buyer file
file – accounts payable detail file
Transaction and Open
Document Files
purchase order file
open purchase order file
supplier’s invoice file
open vouchers file
cash disbursements file
20. Computer‐Based Purchases
A Data Processing dept. performs routine
accounting tasks.
Purchasing ‐ a computer program identifies
inventory requirements
The following methods are used for authorizing
and ordering inventories:
the system prepares POs and sends them to
Purchases for review, signing, and distributing
the system distributes POs directly to the vendors
and internal users, bypassing Purchases
the system uses electronic data interchange (EDI)
and electronically places the order without POs
22. Computer‐Based Cash Disbursements
Tasks performed automatically by
the computer:
the system scans for vouchers currently
due
prints checks for these vouchers
records these checks in the check register
batch totals are prepared for the general
ledger update procedure
34. Manual
Supervision
Within the expenditure cycle, supervision is of
highest importance in the Receiving department,
where the inventory arrives and is logged in by a
receiving clerk. Need to minimize:
failures to properly inspect the assets
theft of the assets
How do these controls change in a CBAS?
37. Computer‐Based
Accounting Records
Accounting records rest on the reliability and
security of stored digitalized data.
Accountants should be skeptical about the accuracy of
hard‐copy printouts.
Backups ‐ the system needs to ensure that backups of
all files are continuously kept
Most automated systems still have a lot of paper
documents.
This is good for audit trail purposes but is often
inefficient.
As the system becomes increasing paperless,
maintaining an audit trail becomes more difficult.
38. Manual
Access Controls
Access to:
inventories (direct)
cash (direct)
accounting records (indirect)
How do these controls change in a CBAS?