Please answer the following questions as fully as possible, in at least two paragraphs. You are to cite the sources you use. You may work in groups of three or less. You are to collaborate (i.e. work together on each question), not delegate questions to each member. Please upload this assignment to Blackboard (if you are physically unable to provide a physical copy due to travel). Please do not submit this exam through email. No late exams will be accepted. 1) For W.E.B. Du Bois (“Conservation of Races”) and Vincent Harding (“The Vocation of the Black Scholar”) what is the role of intellectual work in the pursuit of freedom? How do their positions compare? In what ways does Cedric Robinson’s (Black Movements in America excerpt) understanding of “two alternative political cultures” align with Du Bois’s and Harding’s perspective? How might we use this work to frame issues that continue to persist? 2) Which of the five methods for approaching Black intellectual genealogy outlined by Carr, singularly, or in combination with others, provides the most salient means for studying the Black Power Movement? How would you use these same methods to categorize the work of Peniel Joseph (Waiting ‘til the Midnight Hour) and Joshua Bloom and Waldo Martin (Black Against Empire)? Why? 3) In what ways did Black Power exist as a concept or orientation before June 1966? How does Peniel Joseph develop this history? Who are the key actors and organizations involved in these movements in the 1950s and early 1960s? How does this Black Power “pre-history” contribute to our understanding of what occurred after June 1966? 4) What were the principal motivations around the conception of organizations like the Group on Advanced Leadership and the Freedom Now Party? Who were the key figures involved and what did they contribute? How did they energize political movements in northern and urban settings? What was the relationship of the organizing efforts like the Grassroots Leadership Conference to the Southern freedom struggle? Why did prominent figures in the North develop critiques of the Southern freedom struggle? 5) What was the context surrounding the June 1966 call for “Black Power”? How did the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee engage other civil rights organizations during this particular moment? What were the implications for the evolution of Black Power and/or Black nationalist consciousness in the years to come? How did figures like Stokely Carmichael conceptualize and justify the need or desire for Black Power? 6) How did the Black Power movement approach the question of internationalism or transnationalism? In what ways did the concept extend beyond the borders of the United States? How did the Cold War influence these developments? How did the Pan-Africanist movement connect to the Black Power movement? What were the critical developments that extended these convergences of struggle into the early 1970s? 7) How d.

1. Please answer the following questions as fully as possible, in at
least two paragraphs. You
are to cite the sources you use. You may work in groups of
three or less. You are
to collaborate (i.e. work together on each question), not
delegate questions
to each member. Please upload this assignment to Blackboard
(if you are
physically unable to provide a physical copy due to travel).
Please do not
submit this exam through email. No late exams will be accepted.
1) For W.E.B. Du Bois (“Conservation of Races”) and Vincent
Harding (“The
Vocation of the Black Scholar”) what is the role of intellectual
work in the pursuit of
freedom? How do their positions compare? In what ways does
Cedric Robinson’s
(Black Movements in America excerpt) understanding of “two
alternative political
cultures” align with Du Bois’s and Harding’s perspective? How
might we use this
work to frame issues that continue to persist?

2. 2) Which of the five methods for approaching Black intellectual
genealogy outlined by
Carr, singularly, or in combination with others, provides the
most salient means for
studying the Black Power Movement? How would you use these
same methods to
categorize the work of Peniel Joseph (Waiting ‘til the Midnight
Hour) and Joshua
Bloom and Waldo Martin (Black Against Empire)? Why?
3) In what ways did Black Power exist as a concept or
orientation before June 1966?
How does Peniel Joseph develop this history? Who are the key
actors and
organizations involved in these movements in the 1950s and
early 1960s? How does
this Black Power “pre-history” contribute to our understanding
of what occurred
after June 1966?
4) What were the principal motivations around the conception
of organizations like the
Group on Advanced Leadership and the Freedom Now Party?
Who were the key
figures involved and what did they contribute? How did they
energize political

3. movements in northern and urban settings? What was the
relationship of the
organizing efforts like the Grassroots Leadership Conference to
the Southern
freedom struggle? Why did prominent figures in the North
develop critiques of the
Southern freedom struggle?
5) What was the context surrounding the June 1966 call for
“Black Power”? How did
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee engage other
civil rights
organizations during this particular moment? What were the
implications for the
evolution of Black Power and/or Black nationalist
consciousness in the years to
come? How did figures like Stokely Carmichael conceptualize
and justify the need or
desire for Black Power?
6) How did the Black Power movement approach the question of
internationalism or
transnationalism? In what ways did the concept extend beyond
the borders of the
United States? How did the Cold War influence these

4. developments? How did the
Pan-Africanist movement connect to the Black Power
movement? What were the
critical developments that extended these convergences of
struggle into the early
1970s?
7) How do Joshua Bloom and Waldo Martin frame the
intellectual genealogy of the
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense? What were the precursor
organizations and
influential figures that helped set the context for the rise of the
Party? What were the
conditions in Oakland that called for a unique formation to
address the question of
Black self-preservation and self-determination? Why are the
familial origins of the
founders of the Black Panther Party significant?
8) Why did the Panthers have to shift their organizational
purposes during its first year?
What were some of the features of their early revolutionary
politics? How did they
conceive of police brutality, capitalism, self-determination, and
imperialism? What

5. was the Ten Point Platform? How did the survival programs
influence the ways in
which the Panthers were perceived by both the Black
community and law
enforcement? How did police repression, political education,
and international
development influence and change their ideological
development over time? What
changes in perspective and approach do we notice over the life
of the Party?
9) In what ways did the Black Panther Party relate to the New
Left? How did resistance
to the Vietnam War influence and direct this relationship? How
did the Left frame
the question of the revolutionary vanguard? How did these
collaborations produce
various episodes of resistance? What might we learn from such
coalitions? How did
the Panthers come to embrace anti-imperialist, anti-fascist,
women’s liberation, gay
liberation, and other political movements of the 1970s?
10) What is the relationship between the repression of the
Panthers and their anti-
imperialist politics? How did they conceive of the police? How
was this influenced

6. by the Panthers’ understanding of anti-colonial thought? How
was this influenced by
their engagement of revolutionaries from around the world?
How did they develop
political responses based upon these viewpoints? What are the
ultimate lessons that
Bloom and Martin draw from these political responses? How
might they be relevant
today? How do Bloom and Martin understand the decline of the
Panthers’ support?
What implications does it have for how we think about their
legacy?
Bonus: Explore the nature of political struggle of the women
discussed in both Waiting ‘til the
Midnight Hour and Black Against Empire. How did they
conceive of liberation? What
organizations did they create or support? What do their lives
tells us about the nature of
gender in Western society and about the ways forward in the
contemporary moment?