The document introduces the CGIAR-Dryland Agriculture & Livelihood System Research Program in South Asia. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences: The program aims to research dryland agricultural systems across over 3 billion hectares of land and help over 2.5 billion people. It focuses on mixed rain-fed and dryland areas, as well as pastoral and agro-pastoral systems, in South Asia. The program seeks to develop more resilient livelihoods, stable incomes, food security, and sustainable resource management through improved intensification options, ecosystem management practices, and policy reforms.

1. Introduction to the CGIAR-
Dryland Agriculture & Livelihood
System Research Program in
South Asia
Amare Haileslassie
/Platform/Jodhpur/14/06/13)
Photo : Amare Haileslassie ICRISAT/ILRI

2. Outline

3. What is new?
Dryland System Research: A new approach

4. Global and regional focus areas
>3 billion ha; 41% of
land surface, 2.5
billion people
LGP: <90; 90_180
days
Major systems are:
—Mixed rain fed
—Mixed dryland and
Irrigated areas
—Pastoral, Agro-
pastoral
Global importance

5. Global and regional focus areas
Regional CGIAR_PROGRAM focus areas

6. Global and regional focus areas
CGIAR_PROGRAM focus areas in South Asia

7. Challenges and opportunities
Structure of agricultural systems in vulnerable areas
Feed
Food , services, +
Grasslands
HouseholdsLivestock
Crop land
External
inputs
Feed
Manure
Food,+

8. Challenges and opportunities
Biomass demand supply relations

9. Challenges and opportunities
Change in demand side and its consequences

10. Challenges and opportunities
The supply side is constrained by resources scarcity
Examples of trend in number of operational land holding
( Jodhpur, Barmer)

11. Challenges and opportunities
Yield instability as indicated by CV
Examples of trend in yield ( Jodhpur)

12. Challenges and opportunities
Nutrient and water mining
Water and nutrient stock
mining are major
environmental problems;
Micro nutrient become
issues of concern;
The impact in mixed crop
livestock system is
beyond grain yield;
This may feedback to the
enabling resources and
limits options for
intensification.

13. Challenges and opportunities
Good news!
Huge yield gap in many
parts [milk and grain (e.g.
ICRISAT work)]
Drylands are mainly under
mixed crop livestock:
future major supply of
grain and livestock
products
How can we reap these
sustainably and where
should our focus ?

14. Impacts, outcome, outputs and activities
Dryland System Program want to impact on food
security and sustainable agro-ecosystems
1) More resilient livelihoods for vulnerable households in
marginal areas.
2) More stable and higher per capita income for intensifiable
households.
3) Women and children in vulnerable households have year
round access to greater quantity and diversity of food sources.
4) More sustainable and equitable management of land and
water resources in pastoral, agro-pastoral and agricultural
areas.
5) Better functioning markets underpinning intensification of
rural livelihoods.
6) More integrated, effective and connected service delivery
institutions underpinning resilience and system intensification.
7) Policy reform removing constraints and creating incentives for
rural households

15. Impacts, outcome, outputs and activities
Impact
More stable and higher per capita income for
intensifiable households
Outputs
• Improved intensifica on op ons (components, interac ons and their management;
informa on on investment costs, returns and risk; risk mi ga on)
• Tools, methods, processes and capacity of NARES1 to create and customise
improved intensifica on op ons to local circumstances across scaling domains
Outcome
NARES1 use tools, methods and processes to
generate and customise improved
intensifica on op ons for targeted groups of
intesifiable households
Indicators
Increase: i)absolute increase, ii)%
increase, iii) % of hh above poverty
threshold
Stability: iv)variance in per capita annual
income (nine year rolling); v)trend in iii
Use of outputs: number and size of
organisa ons using them and their areal
and popula on domains; propor on of
sector in targeted areas this represents
Customisedop ons: number of op ons
and number of hh targeted
Examples of from IDO-2

16. Impacts, outcome, outputs and activities
Examples of from IDO-4
Impact
More sustainable and equitable management
of land and water resources in pastoral and
agropastoral areas
Outputs
• Technologies, tools, methods, processes and approaches developed and tested for
evidence based ecosystem management
• Focus on nego a on support (amongst stakeholders) and governance models
Outcome
Mul ple stakeholders in pastoral / agropastoral
areas, use evidence based ecosystem
management, at community level in the
governance of common and privately managed
land and water resources
Indicators
Area:i)ha and propor on of target area
under governance arrangements
mee ng equity standards set a priori
People: ii)number of people and
propor on of target popula on
encompassed by land area in i)
Useof outputs:number and size of
communi es adop ng evidence based
governance models developed by DS
Effect:trends in NVDI over me for areas
under and outside new governance
models

17. Impacts, outcome, outputs and activities
Examples of from IDO-7
Impact
Removal of constraints and incen ves lead to
rural households engaging in more sustainable
prac ces that increase resilience and intensify
produc on
Outputs
– Analysis of policy and ins tu onal barriers to adop on of sustainable
intensifica on op ons
– Quan fied impact of effec veness of policy alterna ves
– Policy briefs providing evidence targe ng key fora for policy change
Outcome
Policy makers reform and ins tu ons
implement policies that remove constraints to,
and improve incen ves for, ra onal
management of natural resources
Indicators
Effect: numbers and propor ons (within
target areas) of rural households
adop ng more sustainable prac ces
Policy: documented change in policies
and the number and propor ons of
people and area poten ally affected
Implementa on: assessment of policy
implementa on

18. Impacts, outcome, outputs and activities
How we want to do it?
Initial matrix of
intensification and
resilience options and
the context in which
they work
Influence development
projects so that sufficient
intensification options
are offered
Participatory monitoring
and evaluation of
systems for
performances of options
Interpretation of
performances to refine
matrixes of option and
characterization
Characterize
variation in context
across scale
Simple to use tools to
match options to sites
and circumstances
across scale of domain

19. Thanks for your
attention