Day 1 Session 2 TRIPS Meeting in WASDS Site Selection - This presentation sets out the criteria for the action sites selected for the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Systems
ERC MIDLAND Developing middle-range theories linking land use displacement, i...Private
Developing middle-range theories linking land use displacement, intensification and transitions
Step 4: Transformative co-production of future land systems in frontier regions
The document outlines the process for selecting two new target regions for climate change research in 2012 and three additional regions in 2013. It discusses criteria for selection, including complementarity to current regions, vulnerability, adaptation challenges, agricultural potential, and institutional support. An evaluation process is proposed using vulnerability assessments and expert judgment to rate candidate regions according to the criteria.
Humidtropics presentation describing how the Program organizes its regional research, and which principles and procedures it applies for site selection - Meeting of CGIAR’s Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC), September 2014.
Key territories of the Mesoamerican Agroenvironmental Program (MAP): concepts...CIFOR-ICRAF
The Mesoamerican Agroenvironmental Program (MAP) is a regional development programme that incorporates a lot of applied research. In this presentation, experiences with MAP that are relevant to planning for CRP6 Sentinel Landscapes are outlined.
This presentation formed part of the CRP6 Sentinel Landscape planning workshop held on 30 September – 1 October 2011 at CIFOR’s headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia. Further information on CRP6 and Sentinel Landscapes can be accessed from http://www.cifor.org/crp6/ and http://www.cifor.org/fileadmin/subsites/crp/CRP6-Sentinel-Landscape-workplan_2011-2014.pdf respectively.
Day 1 Session 2 TRIPS WASDS Presentation by Bill Payne - This presentation gives an overview of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Systems, setting out the conceptual research framework, CGIAR Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs), and cross-cutting themes
This document outlines plans for a global research partnership to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods in dryland areas. It discusses seven proposed intermediate development outcomes (IDOs) focused on increasing resilience, income, food security, and sustainable natural resource management. Activities are clustered under the IDOs and use a standardized logframe template with specifics on sites, outputs, outcomes, deliverables, leaders, partnerships, and timelines. The plans aim to meet expectations by setting better impact targets and following budget principles.
Presented by Veronique (Niki) De Sy at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable carbon and non-carbon results' from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Item 9: Global Assessment of Soil PollutionSoils FAO-GSP
The document summarizes the process of creating the Global Assessment of Soil Pollution (GASP) report. It involved distributing a questionnaire to countries, reviewing literature on soil pollution, and drafting chapters on soil contaminants, pollution sources, impacts, and regional statuses. The report's conclusions are that soil pollution is a global problem without borders, and that coordinated international action is needed to address issues like lack of data and monitoring, risks to food and health, and emerging contaminants. The GASP report aims to strengthen mechanisms to control pollution and increase investment in preventing, remediating, and raising awareness about soil pollution worldwide.
ERC MIDLAND Developing middle-range theories linking land use displacement, i...Private
Developing middle-range theories linking land use displacement, intensification and transitions
Step 4: Transformative co-production of future land systems in frontier regions
The document outlines the process for selecting two new target regions for climate change research in 2012 and three additional regions in 2013. It discusses criteria for selection, including complementarity to current regions, vulnerability, adaptation challenges, agricultural potential, and institutional support. An evaluation process is proposed using vulnerability assessments and expert judgment to rate candidate regions according to the criteria.
Humidtropics presentation describing how the Program organizes its regional research, and which principles and procedures it applies for site selection - Meeting of CGIAR’s Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC), September 2014.
Key territories of the Mesoamerican Agroenvironmental Program (MAP): concepts...CIFOR-ICRAF
The Mesoamerican Agroenvironmental Program (MAP) is a regional development programme that incorporates a lot of applied research. In this presentation, experiences with MAP that are relevant to planning for CRP6 Sentinel Landscapes are outlined.
This presentation formed part of the CRP6 Sentinel Landscape planning workshop held on 30 September – 1 October 2011 at CIFOR’s headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia. Further information on CRP6 and Sentinel Landscapes can be accessed from http://www.cifor.org/crp6/ and http://www.cifor.org/fileadmin/subsites/crp/CRP6-Sentinel-Landscape-workplan_2011-2014.pdf respectively.
Day 1 Session 2 TRIPS WASDS Presentation by Bill Payne - This presentation gives an overview of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Systems, setting out the conceptual research framework, CGIAR Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs), and cross-cutting themes
This document outlines plans for a global research partnership to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods in dryland areas. It discusses seven proposed intermediate development outcomes (IDOs) focused on increasing resilience, income, food security, and sustainable natural resource management. Activities are clustered under the IDOs and use a standardized logframe template with specifics on sites, outputs, outcomes, deliverables, leaders, partnerships, and timelines. The plans aim to meet expectations by setting better impact targets and following budget principles.
Presented by Veronique (Niki) De Sy at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable carbon and non-carbon results' from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Item 9: Global Assessment of Soil PollutionSoils FAO-GSP
The document summarizes the process of creating the Global Assessment of Soil Pollution (GASP) report. It involved distributing a questionnaire to countries, reviewing literature on soil pollution, and drafting chapters on soil contaminants, pollution sources, impacts, and regional statuses. The report's conclusions are that soil pollution is a global problem without borders, and that coordinated international action is needed to address issues like lack of data and monitoring, risks to food and health, and emerging contaminants. The GASP report aims to strengthen mechanisms to control pollution and increase investment in preventing, remediating, and raising awareness about soil pollution worldwide.
The project aims to benefit marginal and small farmers in the Plateau Region of India by developing a farmer-based potato seed production system in non-traditional areas. Specifically, the project seeks to: 1) identify low aphid and bacterial sites for quality potato seed production through a baseline survey; 2) study seed degeneration for policymakers; and 3) increase farmers' incomes by over 40% by reducing seed costs and boosting productivity through improved technologies and capacity building. The project expects to meet 30-40% of the seed requirements of 10,000 farm families locally by 2017 and expand potato cultivation to non-traditional areas.
The document outlines the governance and management structure of the Dryland Systems CRP. It is led by ICARDA and overseen by a Steering Committee. A Research Management Committee, headed by the CRP Director, coordinates the research agenda. Regional coordinators lead interdisciplinary research teams in different regions. Advisory committees provide stakeholder input. The structure aims to ensure strategic oversight and coordination across research partners.
Day1_Session4_TRIPS_WASDS_Antoine Kalinganire_Planned Activities and IDOs - This presentation outlines planned activities of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems in the West African Sahel and Dry Savannas.
The document summarizes partnerships for the Dryland Systems NA&WA Group, noting over 5,000 farmers and 100 scientists involved through national agricultural research systems, along with national decision makers, development agencies, and advanced research institutes from countries in North Africa and West Asia. While partnerships with FAO, IFAD, and IUCN along with some NGOs have been successful, there is room for improvement by engaging more centers from the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and large international/regional NGOs. Maintaining current partnerships while promoting new collaborations could improve program efficiency and science quality with more relevant outcomes.
The document summarizes a two-day planning workshop to develop a three-year gender work plan and budget for the Dryland Systems research partnership. The objectives were to agree on specific gender mainstreaming and research activities within each of the partnership's five areas of focus, and two to three cross-cutting strategic gender research programs. On day one, each area of focus presented priority gender areas and expected outputs for 2014-2016. Participants discussed linkages and themes across areas. On day two, the group worked in sub-groups on anticipated outcomes and discussed strategic research topics and budgets. Presentations addressed communicating outcomes, linking research to development partners, implementing the gender strategy through training and meetings, and establishing a young women's scholarship program within
The document outlines various stakeholders in agricultural research for development including farmers and farmers' associations, water consumer organizations, local governments, universities, research institutes, development agencies, and international research institutions. It shows how different stakeholders can function as facilitators, supporters, contributors, and beneficiaries in the research process. It emphasizes taking an inclusive, participatory, and multi-stakeholder approach using an innovation systems method to achieve better impact and sustainability.
This document summarizes discussions from an ESA (Everisto, Jojo, Silim, Desta, Karuturi, Fred, Jan) portfolio meeting. Key points included:
- Developing a strategy and properly resourcing partners and activities is needed to achieve IDO goals.
- IDO 1 and 2 should address resilience and intensification across different agroecological zones.
- Activities broadly make sense but could be strengthened through increased synergies across regions.
- Cross-cutting issues like youth, gender, capacity building need proper attention to ensure inclusive interventions.
- Taking a long term, systems approach to assessing innovations' impacts aligns with CGIAR's foresight theme.
The document introduces the CGIAR-Dryland Agriculture & Livelihood System Research Program in South Asia. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The program aims to research dryland agricultural systems across over 3 billion hectares of land and help over 2.5 billion people. It focuses on mixed rain-fed and dryland areas, as well as pastoral and agro-pastoral systems, in South Asia. The program seeks to develop more resilient livelihoods, stable incomes, food security, and sustainable resource management through improved intensification options, ecosystem management practices, and policy reforms.
Dr. William Payne delivered a presentation on the highlights of the CRO on Dryland Systems at the Launch meeting in Amman in mid-May.
The Dry Areas of the world represent fragile ecosystems, which is to say areas with physical water scarcity, rapid natural resource degradation, groundwater depletion and drought. The prominent features of these, “dryland systems” are that they cover 41% of the earths surface, are home to 2.5 billion people – and the majority of the world’s poor, they have a youth skewed age distribution and 93% of the malnourished people in the world live in them. Consequently, the Dryland Systems CRP will target the poor and highly vulnerable populations of dry areas in developing countries and the agricultural systems on which they depend.
System level outcomes to be addressed by the CG system through CRP1.1 include reduced rural poverty, improved food security, better nutrition and health and the sustainable management of natural resources. Specific outputs have been set for each of the strategic research themes.
Target area selection criteria for SRT2 and SRT3 were chosen during the inception phase. They include the length of the growing period, distribution of poverty, malnutrition, aridity index, environmental risk, land degradation, market access and population density. The CRP will operate at multiple scales and in multiple disciplines from the microbial level to the watershed with 5 crosscutting themes; youth, gender, biodiversity, nutrition and capacity building.
Partnership is a crucial part of he conceptual framework, it is critical to outscaling and impact, it sets research priorities and action sites and partners are an explicit part of overall governance.
The document discusses systems research in the context of the CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework and second cycle of CRPs. It outlines that systems research should be integrated at all levels of CGIAR research from site-specific to regional scales. It presents options for aggregating the three systems CRPs, including keeping them separate, partially merging some, or fully merging them. It also discusses opportunities for mixed clustering between systems and other CRPs like commodities, climate change, and nutrition. Moving forward, it recommends developing indices to measure systems performance and providing support to other CRPs to test interventions within systems. Partnership platforms between CRPs are also proposed.
Interaction collaboration and aggregation systems crops with other crops by K...Oyewale Abioye
The document discusses the importance of systems research within the context of the new CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework (SRF) and second cycle of CRPs. It outlines that systems research should be integrated at all levels of CGIAR research from site-specific to regional levels. It evaluates options for aggregating the three systems CRPs, ranging from keeping them separate to fully merging them. Mixed clustering with other CRPs is also discussed. Developing common indices to measure systems performance and partnering across CRPs through research platforms are recommended to strengthen systems research across CGIAR.
43 % of Earth’s terrestrial vegetated surface is degraded with limited capacity to supply benefits to humans.
Degraded landscapes often result in lower Soil Organic Carbon and overall poor soil health.
Understanding drivers of Land Degradation and processes of Soil Organic Carbon loss are key for informing effective interventions .
Sumetee Pahwa Gajjar - Uncertainty from withinSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Data Intelligence and Governance: Earth Observation, Open Data, and Machine L...Leo Kris Palao
Integrated modelling combining earth observation/remote sensing, species distribution modelling, and machine learning. A good case of using open data to aid natural resources management and governance.
Presented by Julia Naime (Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)) at "Identifying effective policy interventions for different deforestation dynamics" on 4 May 2023
Community-based rangeland management in light of recent developmentsin Comm...ILRI
Presented by Lance W. Robinson and Irene N. Nganga at the 17th Global Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons, Lima, Peru, 1-5 July 2019
This document discusses the Dryland Systems Research Program, which takes an integrated systems approach to address challenges in dryland agricultural systems. It focuses on developing effective partnerships between research and development organizations. The program establishes research sites in different dryland regions globally to set priorities and conduct research on innovative technologies and risk management. An example is provided of a long-term partnership that developed a successful biological control program for a major pest in West Africa. The program emphasizes national research leadership, capacity building, and partnerships to ensure solutions are adopted by farmers.
Deliverables per system Land Use Strategic Master PlansCarlos Jimenez
This document outlines the deliverables for an environmental system and human settlements system as part of developing a land use and development master plan. For the environmental system, it describes diagnostic assessments of components like weather, ecosystems, water, soil and air quality. It also outlines maps to be created and proposals for territorial ordering, development objectives, and suggested action lines. For the human settlements system, it describes assessing factors like access to services, urban development policies, mobility, risks, and land use classifications to diagnose the current situation. Both systems require analyzing trends, projecting future scenarios, and identifying roles and responsibilities to address deficiencies over short, medium and long terms.
Prevailing Theories of Change(ToC) on ASB Partnership timeline:
ToC -1: Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation, modernizing agriculture saves forests.- before 1993. Intensifying agriculture to obtain higher yields per ha reduces land pressure on forest & deforestation (‘Borlaug hypothesis’) 1993-1995
ToC 2A: Tradeoffs between private and public benefits of land use can be quantified; knowing opportunity costs of environmental services frames policy;
ToC 2B: Landscape mosaics (varying on segregated versus integrated axis) shape multi-scale outcomes; require Negotiation Support for change
ToC 2C: Landscape mosaics require fair + efficient reward mechanisms and/or coinvestment in ES
TOC 3A: Landscape-scale coinvestment in ES supports Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU as REDD++ alternative)
ToC 3B: Multi-scale, multi-paradigm combi-nation of national com-modification and local coinvestment for land-based NAMA’s/LAAMA’s
ToC 3C:
Idem for Sustainable Development Goals;
The document analyzes the adaptive capacity to climate variability in Tharaka district, Kenya. It finds that the main livelihoods of crop farming and pastoralism are highly dependent on rainfall and vulnerable to drought. While households employ strategies like crop diversification and multiple livelihood activities, adaptive capacity is weakened by poor infrastructure like roads, low education levels, and underutilized resources. The study concludes that addressing underlying social and economic vulnerabilities through investments in literacy, infrastructure, and water management could help strengthen household resilience to climate impacts in the region.
Regional Perspective - Central and South America - Feasibility assessment: mi...ipcc-media
The document discusses mitigation and adaptation options to limit global warming to 1.5°C. It assesses the feasibility of options across six dimensions: economic, technological, institutional, socio-cultural, environmental, and geophysical. Adaptation needs will be lower in a 1.5°C world compared to 2°C. Both incremental and transformational adaptation are discussed. Case studies from Latin America and the Caribbean highlight indigenous knowledge, watershed management, disaster preparedness, and forests/food security. Limiting warming will require systemic changes across sectors through mitigation and complementary adaptation actions. A mix of options can enable transitions when aligned with development and supported by governments.
Integrating bottom up and top down research pathways for biodiversity assess...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses integrating bottom-up and top-down research approaches for biodiversity assessments in Integrated Landscape Approaches. It addresses how landscape structure and scale affect biodiversity management and species distribution modeling. The document presents results on remote sensing of habitat degradation and fires, ecosystem services modeling challenges due to spatial scale mismatches, and the scale-dependence of landscape influences on species richness. It concludes that spatial scale is important for biodiversity studies and management, and that district level is best for matching bottom-up and top-down approaches while advocating more local-scale investigations and co-knowledge development.
The project aims to benefit marginal and small farmers in the Plateau Region of India by developing a farmer-based potato seed production system in non-traditional areas. Specifically, the project seeks to: 1) identify low aphid and bacterial sites for quality potato seed production through a baseline survey; 2) study seed degeneration for policymakers; and 3) increase farmers' incomes by over 40% by reducing seed costs and boosting productivity through improved technologies and capacity building. The project expects to meet 30-40% of the seed requirements of 10,000 farm families locally by 2017 and expand potato cultivation to non-traditional areas.
The document outlines the governance and management structure of the Dryland Systems CRP. It is led by ICARDA and overseen by a Steering Committee. A Research Management Committee, headed by the CRP Director, coordinates the research agenda. Regional coordinators lead interdisciplinary research teams in different regions. Advisory committees provide stakeholder input. The structure aims to ensure strategic oversight and coordination across research partners.
Day1_Session4_TRIPS_WASDS_Antoine Kalinganire_Planned Activities and IDOs - This presentation outlines planned activities of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems in the West African Sahel and Dry Savannas.
The document summarizes partnerships for the Dryland Systems NA&WA Group, noting over 5,000 farmers and 100 scientists involved through national agricultural research systems, along with national decision makers, development agencies, and advanced research institutes from countries in North Africa and West Asia. While partnerships with FAO, IFAD, and IUCN along with some NGOs have been successful, there is room for improvement by engaging more centers from the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and large international/regional NGOs. Maintaining current partnerships while promoting new collaborations could improve program efficiency and science quality with more relevant outcomes.
The document summarizes a two-day planning workshop to develop a three-year gender work plan and budget for the Dryland Systems research partnership. The objectives were to agree on specific gender mainstreaming and research activities within each of the partnership's five areas of focus, and two to three cross-cutting strategic gender research programs. On day one, each area of focus presented priority gender areas and expected outputs for 2014-2016. Participants discussed linkages and themes across areas. On day two, the group worked in sub-groups on anticipated outcomes and discussed strategic research topics and budgets. Presentations addressed communicating outcomes, linking research to development partners, implementing the gender strategy through training and meetings, and establishing a young women's scholarship program within
The document outlines various stakeholders in agricultural research for development including farmers and farmers' associations, water consumer organizations, local governments, universities, research institutes, development agencies, and international research institutions. It shows how different stakeholders can function as facilitators, supporters, contributors, and beneficiaries in the research process. It emphasizes taking an inclusive, participatory, and multi-stakeholder approach using an innovation systems method to achieve better impact and sustainability.
This document summarizes discussions from an ESA (Everisto, Jojo, Silim, Desta, Karuturi, Fred, Jan) portfolio meeting. Key points included:
- Developing a strategy and properly resourcing partners and activities is needed to achieve IDO goals.
- IDO 1 and 2 should address resilience and intensification across different agroecological zones.
- Activities broadly make sense but could be strengthened through increased synergies across regions.
- Cross-cutting issues like youth, gender, capacity building need proper attention to ensure inclusive interventions.
- Taking a long term, systems approach to assessing innovations' impacts aligns with CGIAR's foresight theme.
The document introduces the CGIAR-Dryland Agriculture & Livelihood System Research Program in South Asia. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The program aims to research dryland agricultural systems across over 3 billion hectares of land and help over 2.5 billion people. It focuses on mixed rain-fed and dryland areas, as well as pastoral and agro-pastoral systems, in South Asia. The program seeks to develop more resilient livelihoods, stable incomes, food security, and sustainable resource management through improved intensification options, ecosystem management practices, and policy reforms.
Dr. William Payne delivered a presentation on the highlights of the CRO on Dryland Systems at the Launch meeting in Amman in mid-May.
The Dry Areas of the world represent fragile ecosystems, which is to say areas with physical water scarcity, rapid natural resource degradation, groundwater depletion and drought. The prominent features of these, “dryland systems” are that they cover 41% of the earths surface, are home to 2.5 billion people – and the majority of the world’s poor, they have a youth skewed age distribution and 93% of the malnourished people in the world live in them. Consequently, the Dryland Systems CRP will target the poor and highly vulnerable populations of dry areas in developing countries and the agricultural systems on which they depend.
System level outcomes to be addressed by the CG system through CRP1.1 include reduced rural poverty, improved food security, better nutrition and health and the sustainable management of natural resources. Specific outputs have been set for each of the strategic research themes.
Target area selection criteria for SRT2 and SRT3 were chosen during the inception phase. They include the length of the growing period, distribution of poverty, malnutrition, aridity index, environmental risk, land degradation, market access and population density. The CRP will operate at multiple scales and in multiple disciplines from the microbial level to the watershed with 5 crosscutting themes; youth, gender, biodiversity, nutrition and capacity building.
Partnership is a crucial part of he conceptual framework, it is critical to outscaling and impact, it sets research priorities and action sites and partners are an explicit part of overall governance.
The document discusses systems research in the context of the CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework and second cycle of CRPs. It outlines that systems research should be integrated at all levels of CGIAR research from site-specific to regional scales. It presents options for aggregating the three systems CRPs, including keeping them separate, partially merging some, or fully merging them. It also discusses opportunities for mixed clustering between systems and other CRPs like commodities, climate change, and nutrition. Moving forward, it recommends developing indices to measure systems performance and providing support to other CRPs to test interventions within systems. Partnership platforms between CRPs are also proposed.
Interaction collaboration and aggregation systems crops with other crops by K...Oyewale Abioye
The document discusses the importance of systems research within the context of the new CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework (SRF) and second cycle of CRPs. It outlines that systems research should be integrated at all levels of CGIAR research from site-specific to regional levels. It evaluates options for aggregating the three systems CRPs, ranging from keeping them separate to fully merging them. Mixed clustering with other CRPs is also discussed. Developing common indices to measure systems performance and partnering across CRPs through research platforms are recommended to strengthen systems research across CGIAR.
43 % of Earth’s terrestrial vegetated surface is degraded with limited capacity to supply benefits to humans.
Degraded landscapes often result in lower Soil Organic Carbon and overall poor soil health.
Understanding drivers of Land Degradation and processes of Soil Organic Carbon loss are key for informing effective interventions .
Sumetee Pahwa Gajjar - Uncertainty from withinSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Data Intelligence and Governance: Earth Observation, Open Data, and Machine L...Leo Kris Palao
Integrated modelling combining earth observation/remote sensing, species distribution modelling, and machine learning. A good case of using open data to aid natural resources management and governance.
Presented by Julia Naime (Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)) at "Identifying effective policy interventions for different deforestation dynamics" on 4 May 2023
Community-based rangeland management in light of recent developmentsin Comm...ILRI
Presented by Lance W. Robinson and Irene N. Nganga at the 17th Global Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons, Lima, Peru, 1-5 July 2019
This document discusses the Dryland Systems Research Program, which takes an integrated systems approach to address challenges in dryland agricultural systems. It focuses on developing effective partnerships between research and development organizations. The program establishes research sites in different dryland regions globally to set priorities and conduct research on innovative technologies and risk management. An example is provided of a long-term partnership that developed a successful biological control program for a major pest in West Africa. The program emphasizes national research leadership, capacity building, and partnerships to ensure solutions are adopted by farmers.
Deliverables per system Land Use Strategic Master PlansCarlos Jimenez
This document outlines the deliverables for an environmental system and human settlements system as part of developing a land use and development master plan. For the environmental system, it describes diagnostic assessments of components like weather, ecosystems, water, soil and air quality. It also outlines maps to be created and proposals for territorial ordering, development objectives, and suggested action lines. For the human settlements system, it describes assessing factors like access to services, urban development policies, mobility, risks, and land use classifications to diagnose the current situation. Both systems require analyzing trends, projecting future scenarios, and identifying roles and responsibilities to address deficiencies over short, medium and long terms.
Prevailing Theories of Change(ToC) on ASB Partnership timeline:
ToC -1: Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation, modernizing agriculture saves forests.- before 1993. Intensifying agriculture to obtain higher yields per ha reduces land pressure on forest & deforestation (‘Borlaug hypothesis’) 1993-1995
ToC 2A: Tradeoffs between private and public benefits of land use can be quantified; knowing opportunity costs of environmental services frames policy;
ToC 2B: Landscape mosaics (varying on segregated versus integrated axis) shape multi-scale outcomes; require Negotiation Support for change
ToC 2C: Landscape mosaics require fair + efficient reward mechanisms and/or coinvestment in ES
TOC 3A: Landscape-scale coinvestment in ES supports Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU as REDD++ alternative)
ToC 3B: Multi-scale, multi-paradigm combi-nation of national com-modification and local coinvestment for land-based NAMA’s/LAAMA’s
ToC 3C:
Idem for Sustainable Development Goals;
The document analyzes the adaptive capacity to climate variability in Tharaka district, Kenya. It finds that the main livelihoods of crop farming and pastoralism are highly dependent on rainfall and vulnerable to drought. While households employ strategies like crop diversification and multiple livelihood activities, adaptive capacity is weakened by poor infrastructure like roads, low education levels, and underutilized resources. The study concludes that addressing underlying social and economic vulnerabilities through investments in literacy, infrastructure, and water management could help strengthen household resilience to climate impacts in the region.
Regional Perspective - Central and South America - Feasibility assessment: mi...ipcc-media
The document discusses mitigation and adaptation options to limit global warming to 1.5°C. It assesses the feasibility of options across six dimensions: economic, technological, institutional, socio-cultural, environmental, and geophysical. Adaptation needs will be lower in a 1.5°C world compared to 2°C. Both incremental and transformational adaptation are discussed. Case studies from Latin America and the Caribbean highlight indigenous knowledge, watershed management, disaster preparedness, and forests/food security. Limiting warming will require systemic changes across sectors through mitigation and complementary adaptation actions. A mix of options can enable transitions when aligned with development and supported by governments.
Integrating bottom up and top down research pathways for biodiversity assess...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses integrating bottom-up and top-down research approaches for biodiversity assessments in Integrated Landscape Approaches. It addresses how landscape structure and scale affect biodiversity management and species distribution modeling. The document presents results on remote sensing of habitat degradation and fires, ecosystem services modeling challenges due to spatial scale mismatches, and the scale-dependence of landscape influences on species richness. It concludes that spatial scale is important for biodiversity studies and management, and that district level is best for matching bottom-up and top-down approaches while advocating more local-scale investigations and co-knowledge development.
The document outlines plans for a CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Production Systems. It discusses four system-level outcomes around reducing poverty, improving food security, nutrition, and sustainable management of natural resources. It also discusses seven intermediate development outcomes focused on more resilient livelihoods, stable incomes, access to food, sustainable land and water management, functioning markets, service delivery institutions, and policy reform. The document includes funding amounts and timelines for activities aligned with these outcomes across different regions and countries.
Climate change and forests: assessing local governanceCIFOR-ICRAF
The skills of anthropologists in local-level social analysis have great potential for contributing to the global discussion on climate change. Their skills and findings could be used toward reducing the risks related to REDD+, and working constructively with communities to adapt to the changes that cannot be prevented. CIFOR scientist Carol Colfer gave this presentation at the Society for Applied Anthropology’s annual meeting, in Seattle, Washington in April 2011. The aim was to interest anthropologists in addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation more actively.
The document discusses the Dryland Systems Program which aims to improve agricultural productivity and incomes in dry areas through a global research partnership. It outlines the program's strategic and results framework, including developing core competencies in production systems research to test inter-center collaboration and integrate research across commodities, natural resources, and policy to improve sustainability and livelihoods. The meeting in Amman, Jordan will discuss the program's strategic and results framework further.
Key baseline findings for USAID's Community-Based Forest Management Program (CFP) impact evaluation in Zambia. Presented at the American Evaluation Association's Evaluation 2015 Conference. Credit:
- Heather Huntington, PhD, The Cloudburst Group
- M. Mercedes Stickler, USAID
- Stephanie Fenner, The Cloudburst Group
- Aleta Haflett, The Cloudburst Group
Learn more: http://bit.ly/TCGcbfp
This document outlines plans for a global research partnership to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods in dryland areas. It discusses establishing integrated production systems through strategic innovation platforms, commodity clusters, and other initiatives across multiple countries. The goal is to achieve more resilient livelihoods and sustainable management of natural resources through outputs like improved risk management options and tools developed by the national agricultural research systems. Key outcomes include more stable incomes, food security, and equitable land/water management. The plan clusters activities under seven intermediate development outcomes and uses a logframe approach to specify deliverables, timelines, locations, leaders, and partnerships for achieving the goals.
Dr. William Payne delivered a presentation on the highlights of the CRO on Dryland Systems at the Launch meeting in Amman in mid-May.
The Dry Areas of the world represent fragile ecosystems, which is to say areas with physical water scarcity, rapid natural resource degradation, groundwater depletion and drought. The prominent features of these, “dryland systems” are that they cover 41% of the earths surface, are home to 2.5 billion people – and the majority of the world’s poor, they have a youth skewed age distribution and 93% of the malnourished people in the world live in them. Consequently, the Dryland Systems CRP will target the poor and highly vulnerable populations of dry areas in developing countries and the agricultural systems on which they depend.
System level outcomes to be addressed by the CG system through CRP1.1 include reduced rural poverty, improved food security, better nutrition and health and the sustainable management of natural resources. Specific outputs have been set for each of the strategic research themes.
Target area selection criteria for SRT2 and SRT3 were chosen during the inception phase. They include the length of the growing period, distribution of poverty, malnutrition, aridity index, environmental risk, land degradation, market access and population density. The CRP will operate at multiple scales and in multiple disciplines from the microbial level to the watershed with 5 crosscutting themes; youth, gender, biodiversity, nutrition and capacity building.
Partnership is a crucial part of he conceptual framework, it is critical to outscaling and impact, it sets research priorities and action sites and partners are an explicit part of overall governance.
This document discusses using knowledge about human behavior and agricultural extension to scale the impact of development interventions. It addresses four critical issues: 1) Understanding the potential adoption domain of innovations to set realistic targets and timeframes. 2) Recognizing that human adoption of new practices follows predictable diffusion curves and varies between individuals. 3) Tailoring interventions to the inherent characteristics of different innovations. 4) Appreciating that behavioral change and adoption of innovations takes time to diffuse widely. The document argues that properly addressing these issues based on existing diffusion research can help extension programs better facilitate the widespread adoption of agricultural innovations over appropriate geographic areas and timeframes.
Similar to Day 1_Session 2_TRIPS_ WASDS_Traore_Site_Selection_Paradigm (20)
This study evaluated the impact of different levels of supplemental irrigation on olive productivity in Syria. The objectives were to enhance yields, minimize fluctuations, and increase water productivity. Treatments included rainfed (control), irrigating at 100% of crop water requirements (CWR), and 50% CWR. Results from 2012 showed that irrigation increased yields by 33-96% compared to rainfed. Applying 50% CWR increased yields over rainfed, with further gains from 100% CWR. Irrigation also improved water productivity and oil yields. Cost-benefit analysis found net profits were higher under irrigation. The conclusions were that applying small amounts of irrigation in addition to rainfall can increase and stabilize yields and income.
This study assessed the impact of switching from conventional flood irrigation to drip irrigation on fruit quality, oil yield, and oil composition of 36-year-old olive trees in Morocco. Five treatments were tested: flood irrigation, minimum or deep tillage with drip irrigation at 100% or 70% of crop water requirements. Results showed that highest yields and fruit weights were from deep tillage with deficit drip irrigation. Oil quality was generally improved with drip irrigation, shown by increased viscosity and stability. Sensory evaluation indicated oils from deficit drip irrigation expressed positive attributes more intensely. In conclusion, deficit drip irrigation improved olive fruit and oil quality over conventional flood irrigation.
This document summarizes the findings of a project on sustainable irrigation management for olive growing in Syria from 2010-2014. Key findings include:
1) Applying supplemental irrigation at 50% of crop water requirement increased olive yields by 78-85% compared to rainfed yields.
2) Applying full irrigation at 100% of crop water requirement provided further yield increases of 20-21% over 50% supplemental irrigation.
3) Switching from rainfed to 50% supplemental irrigation increased farmer profits by over 100% according to a cost-benefit analysis.
4) If 25% of Syria's olive growing area adopted supplemental irrigation, it could result in additional annual olive production worth over $600 million.
This document summarizes research on land policies and fragmentation in the Béni Khédache site in Tunisia. It finds that land privatization led to fragmentation that hinders development. While Tunisia aims to consolidate land to boost productivity and livelihoods, the impacts are unclear. The research aims to assess how fragmentation and consolidation influence agriculture, resources, heritage and incomes. Preliminary findings show medium farms are most productive and generate the most income, indicating consolidation may be beneficial if it emulates medium land holdings. Future work will further analyze impacts and Tunisia's land consolidation experiences to inform policies.
This document summarizes activities related to improving value chains for cash crops in the Béni Khédache site in Tunisia. It discusses:
1) The objectives of selecting relevant crops and stakeholders in the value chain, mapping challenges for smallholder market access, and improving post-harvest handling.
2) The tasks completed in 2014, including selecting key crops and stakeholders in the olive oil value chain, and reporting results.
3) Key achievements including identifying olive oil as a relevant crop and mapping the olive oil value chain stakeholders and structure in Medenine, Tunisia.
4) Plans for 2015 include further analyzing the olive oil value chain operations, financial flows, and issues through surveys and workshops
- The document outlines the methodology for analyzing the vulnerability of farming systems in Béni Khédache-Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. It describes data collection from 127 household surveys (BS), additional thematic surveys (TS), and collaboration with local actors.
- Data collection included a basic survey of households to understand characteristics, production systems, and vulnerabilities. Additional thematic surveys gathered seasonal data on crop systems, coping strategies, and natural resource usage.
- Previous research in the area was also leveraged to understand the history, systems, resource management, adaptation, and more. Local workshops involved actors to map resource usage. Collected data was entered into statistical software for analysis.
The document discusses the use of geoinformatics and remote sensing to understand land use changes in Jordan over several decades. Multi-scale and multi-sensor observations are being used to map and characterize agro-ecosystems and land use types at various sites. This includes delineating crop types, vegetation, and quantifying land use changes over time. The goal is to help improve livelihoods and understand the impact of interventions through better landscape information.
This document discusses data management strategies at CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems. It notes that data from experiments is often stored in files but not shared, resulting in low usage. The strategy presented involves curating data and making it accessible online through an open source dataverse network. This allows data to be shared, accessed by all as a public good, and ensures high standards for data quality, curation and access. Examples shown include agricultural data from various projects displayed and available for download through interactive tables, maps and charts.
This document discusses the role of geospatial science, technology, and applications (GeSTA) in agro-ecosystems and dryland systems. It addresses how GeSTA can be used to map land use/cover, characterize vulnerable areas, delineate suitable agricultural areas, and assess risks like drought. The document also outlines plans for a centralized data warehouse and geospatial data portals to store, process, and disseminate spatial data for use in research projects and by stakeholders.
The document discusses open data policies and the value of data. It outlines risks and challenges of open data like re-valuing data, ensuring data standards, and maintaining confidentiality. The document proposes initial training resources on topics like data quality, data collection methods, metadata, and archiving. It asks what capacities and skills researchers need to comply with open data policies and take advantage of them. Feedback on the training topics is requested.
This document discusses progress towards implementing open access for publications from Dryland Systems and ICARDA. It identifies three main workflows for information management: peer-reviewed publications, ICARDA publications, and unpublished research materials. Focal points within each program and center will be responsible for collecting, organizing, and uploading these information products to a central repository. The next steps are to develop the repository, define metadata standards, clarify roles and responsibilities, strengthen capacity, and submit a report on the action plan in December. Potential challenges include resistance to change, additional workload for researchers, and limited capacity, but these can be addressed through incentives, proven strategies, and avoiding past mistakes.
This document discusses open access to research data. It states that open access can produce higher quality data, publications, and usage of data. It also notes that open access can lead to higher recognition for researchers and more transparency. While some scientists view data as proprietary, open access is meant to have a positive impact by allowing other researchers to reproduce and build upon published work. The document advocates for establishing institutional policies and providing support for open access in order to improve scientific quality and maximize the benefits of research.
This document discusses data management for the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems. It provides an overview of ICARDA's current status on data management, key sources of data under the CRP Dryland Systems, and issues related to research and data quality. The document proposes a workflow for improving data management and sharing that involves validating data, archiving it, and establishing permissions and approvals for sharing. It emphasizes training partners, identifying risks, and monitoring impact to enhance data quality and open access for CRP Dryland Systems research.
1) The document discusses a framework for innovation platforms in the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems to promote multi-stakeholder engagement between agricultural research and development efforts.
2) An innovation platform aims to identify community needs through participatory diagnosis and find solutions to improve livelihoods and quality of life. The entry point is defined by community priorities rather than predetermined models.
3) Initial platform activities in Karak, Jordan focused on improving olive production, disease management, and linking farmers' associations to universities and NGOs to diversify income sources. Research evaluates development outcomes in economic empowerment, social norms, policies, institutions, and well-being.
The document summarizes an assessment of agrobiodiversity in Jordan conducted by ICARDA and NCARE. The assessment involved botanical surveys at multiple sites to document plant species diversity. Objectives included monitoring agrobiodiversity trends over time using surveys and remote sensing, developing conservation management plans, and evaluating effects of management options on dryland agrobiodiversity. Survey results from one site, Erak, are presented as an example.
This document summarizes a study on gender roles and livestock in Khreisha villages in Jordan. The study aims to understand the dynamics of ownership and control over livestock between men and women, as well as decision making and labor divisions. It involves literature reviews, focus groups, and surveys. The reviews found that while women contribute greatly to livestock work, men control marketing and profits. The study seeks to identify ways to increase women's control over income from their labor, make youth and women's roles visible, and inform services to support gender equality in livestock systems.
This document summarizes discussions from a technical meeting on small ruminant production in Jordan. Climate change and drought are threatening sheep breeders by exposing animals to disease. Sheep products are important to the local diet and economy. Population growth is increasing demand for sheep milk and meat. Farmers are working to intensify production but face challenges of degraded rangeland, high feed costs, and lack of knowledge in milk handling and processing. Several research goals and methodologies were presented to address issues like nutritional deficiencies, disease prevalence and vaccination strategies, abortion causes, and improving reproduction rates.
1) The document discusses progress in implementing soil conservation and water harvesting practices in Jordan to combat land degradation and improve agricultural productivity.
2) Projects have focused on soil conservation, water harvesting, grazing management, and supplemental irrigation through techniques like hill lakes.
3) Results indicate these practices have reduced soil and water losses while increasing biomass and productivity, encouraging farmers to adopt water harvesting.
This document summarizes activities and achievements from 2013-2014 related to managing rangelands in Jordan. Key activities included introducing spineless cactus and alley cropping practices, evaluating the effects of water harvesting techniques, and restoring salt-affected lands. Over 150 varieties of cactus were introduced and 25 farmers had already planted cactus. Alley cropping increased forage by 15% and water harvesting increased rangeland productivity and reduced erosion. Assessments of salt-tolerant plants identified species suitable for restoring degraded soils. Training programs built capacity around agro-ecological monitoring, alley cropping, and other practices.
This document summarizes a meeting between ICARDA and NCARE to discuss the CRP Dryland Systems program. It outlines the program objectives of improving livelihoods in marginal and intensifiable dryland areas. It evaluates the first phase and identifies challenges like lack of integration. It discusses the major agricultural livelihood systems in North Africa and West Asia and challenges they face. It introduces the interdisciplinary research team and their roles. It also includes questions from ISAC about achieving integrated systems approaches across sites and regions through innovative science.
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2. The Dryland Systems CRP
• is targeted at the poor and highly vulnerable
populations of the dry areas, and aims to develop
technology, policy and institutional innovations to
improve food security and livelihoods using an
integrated systems approach
• takes ‘systems thinking’ to a new level, by
delivering interventions within context: it relies
on holistic approaches that aim to understand
complex smallholder systems, drivers of change,
and key factors for productivity growth
3. Targeted categories of dryland
production systems
• systems with the deepest endemic poverty and
most vulnerable people (SRT2: Strategic Research
Theme 2)
– emphasis: increasing resilience and mitigating risk
from biophysical and socioeconomic shocks despite
marginal conditions
• systems with the greatest potential to contribute
to food security and grow out of poverty in the
short to medium term (SRT3: Strategic Research
Theme 3)
– emphasis: sustainable intensification of production
systems to improve livelihoods
4. WAS&DS: SRTs?
• SRT2 / SRT3 not only function of aridity index,
because the strategic research framework
(SRF) target regions are “*…+ systems
characterized by major constraints, such as
drought or other agro-climatic challenges,
poor infrastructure and underdeveloped
markets, or weak institutions and governance
*…+” (ICARDA, 2012)
5. Selection criteria for identifying Dryland
Systems CRP target areas
Biophysical (n=25) Socioeconomic (n=16)
Accessibility: closeness to partners
headquarters, proximity to research facilities
Demography: population, poverty, employment
(e.g. women/men differential aspects), nutrition
status
Climate: rainfall patterns, temperature profile,
drought and heat indices, length of growing
period, elevation
Access to markets: distance, size,
competitiveness
Soils: nutrient-supply capacity, water-holding
capacity, morphology, soil erodability,
degradation / desertification
Access to water and land: communal/private
ownership, pricing, access
Biotic stresses: diseases, pests, weeds (e.g.
Striga spp.)
Gender and disadvantaged groups’
responsiveness: differential aspects, absolute
aspects
Farming systems: crops, vegetables, livestock,
trees, mixed systems, gap between actual
economic and potential yields
Governance, institutions, and policy:
inclusiveness of stakeholders, equity,
accountability, transparency
Sensitivity to global change: climate (variation
and change parameters), globalization
Land degradation: physical, chemical
6. How do these criteria vary over space
and time?
• SRT2 and SRT3 not mutually exclusive: many dryland
agricultural systems will contain areas or elements of both
• socio-economic criteria vary on shorter distances than
biophysical (over space AND time), therefore site selection is
scale-dependent, could follow a nested design:
– global to continental: mostly biophysical (e.g. AI)
– regional to district: increasingly socio-economic (e.g.
population density, market access)
– district to community: essentially infrastructural (e.g.
partnerships, accessibility)
• as we aim to influence processes of systems change, the time
dimension should receive particular attention
7. Additionally, which practical constraints
do we face for site selection in WAS&DS?
• Maximum 2 action sites with 2 satellites each
• Accommodate main representative production
systems (& policies) of the West African Drylands – if
possible 5 countries
• Keep the dimension of action sites logistically
tractable & operationally efficient
• Take into account existing / past research
investments & infrastructure
• Security issues
8. Approach to site selection
• Study domain: West African drylands defined by [0.03-0.65[ aridity
index range
• GIS data: aridity index (Zomer & al. 2008), population density
(ORNL, 2001), poverty levels (Wood & al., 2010)
• 1: Initial country ranking by area & population
• 2: Explore relationship between poverty, aridity and population
density
• 3: Identify & map natural break points in aridity, population density
distributions
• 4: Map high spatial rates of change in aridity, population density
gradients (assumed proxies for temporal change along the SRT2-
SRT3 continuum)
• 5: Choose action transects and satellites along and across gradients
and assess regional representativeness
9. • Drylands: half of West Africa’s landmass, half of its population
• “ share by area: 1. Mali, 2. Chad, 3. Niger, 4. Nigeria, 5. Burkina Faso
• “ share by population: 1. Nigeria, 2. Burkina Faso, 3. Mali, 4. Niger, 5. Senegal
10. 1. poor populations concentrate in the drylands (e.g. drylands host 35.7% of Ghana’s total
population, but 46.2% of Ghana’s poor). 2. spatial distribution of poverty independent from
latitude (& hence from aridity index), but also from population density
11. 1. Option 1: SRTs based on mostly latitudinal, static, monotonic aridity gradient; somewhat
arbitrary AI threshold. 2. numerous counter-examples of SRT2 conditions within SRT3 zone &
vice-versa (e.g. poorer nutritional status in Sikasso region; Maradi region net agric. exporter)
13. 1. Option 2: SRTs based on mostly longitudinal, dynamic, non-monotonic population
gradient; documented intensification thresholds exist for PD breakpoint of ca. 70 hab.km2. 2.
dynamic gradients > opportunities to trade space for time.
14. 3. Two SRT strata with PD=70 hab.km2 as threshold
16. 1. Combination of options 1 and 2 yields 4 strata. 2. Of these the low-low case is agro-
pastoral, often extensive, and was earlier deemed lower priority. 3. The vertical (horizontal)
KKM (WBS) action transect samples compressed AI (PD) gradients in high PD (AI) conditions.
17. 4. Average conditions orthogonally contrasted: mean AI (KKM lo, WBS hi), mean PD (KKM hi,
WBS lo) but parallel variabilities: var AI (KKM hi, WBS lo), var PD (KKM hi, WBS lo). 5. Area
representativeness KKM = 2 WBS, but (agri)-cultural coverage WBS = 10 KKM.
18. 6. Four satellite sites expand action transect ranges biophysically (WBS) and socio-
economically (KKM). Of these, three are CCAFS sites allowing for CRP cross-fertilization
without system saturation. Likewise for FTA CRP: overlapping transects but distinct districts.
19. Learnings
• Sub-national BAD on poverty is neither correlated with (higher
granularity of) AI nor PD – a priori there is no more (less)
justification for use of AI than PD for SRT2/SRT3 identification and
mapping
• Over space AI, PD follow power law distributions and uncorrelated
– no strong statistical backing for stratification of SRT2 vs SRT3,
rather a ‘systemic’ justification. Both drivers useful to understand
geographical expression of proposed SRT2-SRT3 continuum
• Action transects along compressed AI, PD gradients (with high
spatial rate of change) advantageous to sample proposed
continuum, representative of wider regional domain than any
‘homogeneous’ compact shapes of equal area (aridity-wise or
other)
20. Learnings (contd)
• They may express biophysically and do intertwine with biophysical
factors, but drivers of change are mostly socio-economic (with
steep longitudinal gradients in the region): e.g. rainfall perceptions
& myths, rural/urban ecotones, hydrological basins
• Site selection will impact R4D outcomes: with socio-economic
drivers at the core of Dryland Systems (research) design… need to
target our (research) investments accordingly
• 5 countries selected: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Ghana
based on share of total region, national importance of drylands
area, population and poverty-wise
• 2 complementary action transects selected: KKM (along aridity
gradient), WBS (along population gradient) with satellites that trade
space for time. Not only trans-boundary at the political level, also
hydrological