The document discusses a goal to enhance rainfall by managing bioprecipitation cycle processes. This goal will be achieved through three key steps: 1) Building field kits to facilitate in situ data collection about ice nucleation microorganisms on vegetation, 2) Using an international team to collect data with the field kits in various geographical regions, and 3) Modeling the ice nucleation of microorganisms to provide data to understand which plants release the most active microorganisms, whether their release is predictable, and the optimal landscape conditions for their release and effect on rainfall.

1. PLANTS AND RAINFALL
Clarify processes in the bioprecipitation cycle that
can be managed to enhance rainfall where needed

2. The long term goal will
be to elucidate
processes in the
bioprecipitation cycle
that can be managed to
enhance rainfall where
needed.
This goal will be
achieved as part of the
scientific programs of the
collaborating research
teams working through
three key steps.
PLANTS AND RAINFALL
Clarify processes in the bioprecipitation cycle that
can be managed to enhance rainfall where needed

3. 1) Build ten field kits
This device is a field kit that will facilitate the collection,
mapping and sharing of data collected in situ. It is based on an
existing prototype created by the project leader. We aim to
perfect the energy efficiency of the prototype and then to build
it and assemble the basic kit at a cost of about $500.
2) Collect data with international team
We will create and distribute an essential device for scientists
to map the abundance, on vegetation, of ice nucleation active
microorganisms and assure a research dynamic to elucidate
the requisite and optimal conditions for microbial-mediated
rainfall.

4. 3) Model the ice nucleation of microorganisms
With the field kit and the data that is obtained via its extensive
use in a wide range of geographical regions, this research will
then be able to provide data for modelers and atmosphere
physicists to address questions that are currently out of our
reach because of technical limitations:
• What plants release the most ice nucleation active
microorganisms into the atmosphere?
• Is the release of these microorganisms predictable?
• What are the optimal landscape conditions for these
microorganisms to be taken up into the atmosphere so that
they can have beneficial effects on rainfall?
The insights gained in answering these questions will then be
applicable for decision-making about land use management,
property value, and responsibilities of land managers.