This document discusses the different types of plant tissues. It explains that there are two main types: meristematic tissue and permanent tissue. Meristematic tissue includes apical, lateral and intercalary meristems which allow for growth. Permanent tissues are fully developed and include two types - simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, and complex tissues such as xylem and phloem which transport water and nutrients. Each tissue is then defined and their functions described.

1. TISSUES
I S H A N S I N H A
I X ‘ G ’

2. 1792
Bichat coined the term
‘Tissue’.
1819
Mayer coins the term
‘Histology’, meaning the
study of tissues.
1651
Marcello Malpighi is declared
the founder of Histology
HISTORY OF
TISSUES

3. CONTENTS
o W H AT A R E T I S S U E S
o P L A N T T I S S U E S
o T Y P E S O F P L A N T T I S S U E S
• Meristematic Tissues
 Apical Meristem
 Lateral Meristem
 Intercalary Meristem
• Permanent Tissues
 Xylem
 Phloem

4. WHAT ARE TISSUES?
Tissue is a group of cells that
have similar structure and that
function together as a unit. A
nonliving material, called the
intercellular matrix, fills the
spaces between the cells. This
may be abundant in some tissues
and minimal in others.

5. PLANT TISSUES
A N D T H E I R C L A S S I F I C AT I O N .

6. TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES
•There are two types of
plant tissues:
–Meristematic Tissue
–Permanent Tissue

7. TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES
Meristematic Tissue
• Meristematic tissues are the
tissues in which the cells divide
continuously and help in
increasing the length and girth
of the plant.
• They are further classified into 3
classes.
Permanent Tissues
• The tissues that are completely
grown and have lost the ability
of division are known as
permanent tissues. The
meristematic tissues divide and
differentiate to form the
permanent tissues.
• They are further divided into 2
classes.

8. MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
• They can be further categorised into 3 classes:
– Apical Meristem: It brings about the
elongation of the root and stem. It results
in an increase in the height of the plant,
which is called primary growth
– Lateral Meristem: It causes the organ
(stem or root) to increase in diameter and
girth. This is called secondary growth.
– Intercalary Meristem: It produces an
increase in the length of an organ such as
leaves and internodes

9. PERMANENT TISSUES
• They can be further categorised into 2 classes:
– Simple Permanent Tissues: Simple
permanent tissues are those which
perform the same function and have
similar shape. They can be classified into
three types; Parenchyma, Collenchyma and
Sclerenchyma.
– Complex Permanent Tissues: It
transports water and nutrients from the
roots to the leaves of the plant. It provides
support to the plants. It is divided into-
tracheids, vessels, xylem fiber, and xylem
parenchyma.

10. SIMPLE
PERMANENT
TISSUES
A N D T H E I R T Y P E S .

11. PARENCHYMA
Parenchyma is a type of simple
permanent tissue that makes a
major part of ground tissues in
plants, where other tissues like
vascular tissues are embedded.
They are non-vascular and
composed of simple, living and
undifferentiated cells, which are
modified to perform various
functions.

12. COLLENCHYMA
Collenchyma tissue is composed of
elongated cells with irregularly
thickened walls. They provide structural
support, particularly in
growing shoots and leaves. Collenchyma
tissue makes up things such as the
resilient strands in stalks of celery.
Collenchyma cells are usually living, and
have only a thick primary cell wall made
up of cellulose and pectin. Cell wall
thickness is strongly affected by
mechanical stress upon the plant. The
walls of collenchyma in shaken plants (to
mimic the effects of wind etc.), may be
40–100% thicker than those not shaken.

13. SCLERENCHYMA
Sclerenchyma is the tissue which
makes the plant hard and stiff.
Sclerenchyma is the supporting tissue
in plants. Two types of sclerenchyma
cells exist: fibers cellular and sclereids.
Their cell walls consist
of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
Sclerenchyma cells are the principal
supporting cells in plant tissues that
have ceased elongation. Sclerenchyma
fibers are of great economic
importance, since they constitute the
source material for many fabrics
(e.g. flax, hemp, jute, and ramie).

14. COMPLEX
PERMANENT
TISSUES
A N D T H E I R T Y P E S .

15. XYLEM
Xylem is one of the two types of
transport tissue in vascular plants,
the other being phloem. The basic
function of xylem is to
transport water from roots to
stems and leaves, but it also
transports nutrients. The
word xylem is derived from
the Ancient
Greek word ξύλον (xylon), meaning
"wood"; the best-known xylem
tissue is wood, though it is found

16. PHLOEM
Phloem is the living tissue in vascular
plants that transports the
soluble organic compounds made
during photosynthesis and known
as photosynthates, in particular
the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the
plant. This transport process is called
translocation. In trees, the phloem is the
innermost layer of the bark, hence the
name, derived from the Ancient
Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning
"bark".