Plant hormones play an important role in plant tissue culture. Abscisic acid helps with somatic embryogenesis during maturation and germination. Cytokinins like zeatin stimulate cell division and shoot bud formation, while inhibiting embryogenesis and root induction. Auxins like IAA induce callus formation from explants and cause root and shoot morphogenesis. Gibberellins like GA3 and GA4+7 induce organogenesis and adventitious root formation. Together, the precise balance and combination of these hormones allows plant tissue culture to generate plants from single cells under the right conditions.

1. PLANT HORMONES
AND
TISSUE CULTURE
Abscisic Acid
Abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is a
terpenoid involved primarily in
regulating seed germination,
inducing storage protein synthesis
and modulating water stress. In
plant tissue culture, it is used to
help somatic embryogenesis,
particularly during maturation and
germination.
The example
(A) AFTER 15 DAYS, UNTREATED ‘CARRIZO’ CITRANGE
EXPLANTS SHOOT DEVELOPMENT AT THE BASAL END
. (B) AFTER 15 DAYS LEMON EXPLANTS (LEFT) EXPERIENCED
REDUCED SHOOT DEVELOPMENT COMPARED TO EXPLANTS
(C) SHOOTS PRODUCED FROM FIVE UNTREATED ‘CARRIZO’
CITRANGE EXPLANTS WERE FEWER IN NUMBER AND SMALLER
IN SIZE COMPARED TO SHOOTS FROM FIVE EXPLANTS
(D) FIVE OF THE NPA-TREATED ‘EUREKA’ LEMON EXPLANTS
PRODUCED MORE AND LARGER-SIZED SHOOTSTHAN THE
UNTREATED CONTROLS
(AUXIN UESD IN CITRUS STEM SEGMENTS)
HTTPS://WWW.NATURE.COM/ARTICLES/HORTRES201771
(USAGE OF AUXIN AND CYTOKININ IN
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE)
HTTPS://3.BP.BLOGSPOT.COM/-8G8UUAAZA_Q/TXZVISW42PI/AAAAAAAAAFU/3DK
9UXP_5FC/S1600/CYTOKININ-AUXIN+RATIO.PNG
(USAGE OF GIBBERELLIN IN PLANT
TISSUE CULTURE)
HTTP://WWW.AVOCADOSOURCE.COM/WAC8/SECTION_02/HITIBANDARALAGEJCA2
015.PDF
จัดทําโดย
นาย สิรวิชญ์ กิจนพ
ม.6 ห้อง 155 เลขที 42
SOURCES
http://www.avocadosource.com/WAC8/Section
_02/HitiBandaralageJCA2015.pdf
https://www.biologyexams4u.com/2012/01/cyt
okinins.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/hortres20177
1
https://passel2.unl.edu/view/lesson/a2f44b5b9
a27/10
https://www.plantcelltechnology.com/pct-
blog/plant-growth-regulators-in-tissue-
culture/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Steps-in-
Tissue-Culture-Protocol-1-a-Initial-cut-on-4-
day-old-seedling-b-Bisected-
shoot_fig3_331410970
https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp
/plant-tissue-culture-61581/

2. CYTOKININ
Cytokinins are able to stimulate cell division
and induce shoot bud formation in tissue
culture. They usually act as antagonists to
auxins. (Cytokinins are N6 substituted
derivatives of the nitrogenous purine base
adenine.) Cytokinins most used in tissue
culture include zeatin, adenine, 6-(g,g-
dimethylallylamino)purine (2 iP) and kinetin.
Cytoknins often inhibit embryogenesis and
root induction.
GIBBERELLINS
The main effect of gibberellins in plants is to
cause stem elongation and flowering. They
are also prominently involved in mobilization
of endosperm reserves during early embryo
growth and seed germination. Gibberellins are
an extensive chemical family based on the
ent-gibberellane structure. There exit over 80
different gibberellin compounds in plants but
only giberrellic acid (GA3) and GA4+7 are
often used in plant tissue culture. In tissue
culture, gibberellins are used to induce
organogenesis, particularly adventitious root
formation.
AUXINS
Auxins stimulate cell elongation and
influence a host of other developmental
responses, such as root initiation, vascular
differentiation, tropic responses, apical
dominance and the development of
auxiliary buds, flowers and fruits. Auxins
are synthesized in the stem and root
apices and transported through the plant
axis. The principal auxin in plants is indole-
3-acetic acid (IAA). Several other indole
derivatives, all as precursors to IAA, are
known to express auxin activity, probably
by converting to IAA in the tissue. Auxins
in plant tissue culture are used to induce
callus from explants , and cause root and
shoot morphogenesis . Auxins are often
most effective in eliciting their effects
when combined with cytokinins.
Tissue culture (TC) is the cultivation
of plant cells, tissues, or organs on
specially formulated nutrient media.
Under the right conditions, an entire
plant can be regenerated from a
single cell. Plant tissue culture is a
technique that has been around for
more than 30 years, The first
sciencetist that start this concept is
Gottlieb Harberlandt(1902) and then in
1939 White, Gautheret&Nobecourt
independently succeeded in raising
the callus.
This Tissue culture is seen as an
important technology for developing
countries for the production of
disease-free, high quality planting
material and the rapid production of
many uniform plants.
This process use various plant
hormone to generate and aceelerate
plant development.
What is the plant tissue
culture?
NOTE:ETHYLENE IS NOT USED IN
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE.
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE