Experiment No.01
To study the different parts of Lathe machine, milling machine, grinding machine, drilling machine, their functions & types.
Experiment No.02
To Study the Lathe Machine Tools, Accessories, their uses & Limitations while working on lathe machine.
Experiment No.03.
To Study and perform Various Lathe machine operations using lathe machine tools on a given Work piece
Experiment No.04
To Study and perform various milling machine operations using different milling machine tools on a given Work piece
Experiment No.05
To Study and perform drilling/tapping/reaming machine operations using different drilling machine tools on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.06
To study and perform grinding machine operations using different grinding machine tools on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.07
To Study and perform shaper/planner machine operations on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.08
To study the different parts of CNC machining centre, CNC turning centre, their functions & types.
Experiment No.09
To Study and perform various machining operations of CNC machines on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.10
To Study an overview of CNC programming, CNC tools, work holding devices of CNC machines and control panel of CNC machines.
Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperatures while keeping them from mixing with each other.
The primary purpose of a heat exchanger is to either cool down or heat up a fluid, depending on the specific application.
Two fluids, a hot fluid and a cold fluid, flow through the heat exchanger in separate channels.
The hot fluid transfers heat to the cold fluid through the walls of the heat exchanger channels.
The hot fluid exits the heat exchanger at a lower temperature, and the cold fluid exits the heat exchanger at a higher temperature.
Parts :
Shell: The shell is the outer housing or casing of the heat exchanger.
Tubes: The tubes are the inner passages through which one of the fluids flows.
Tube sheet: The tube sheet is a flat plate that holds the tubes in place within the shell.
Baffles: Baffles are used to direct the flow of fluid through the tubes and to increase the heat transfer surface area.
Nozzles: Nozzles are the openings that allow the fluids to enter and exit the heat exchanger.
Experiment No.01
To study the different parts of Lathe machine, milling machine, grinding machine, drilling machine, their functions & types.
Experiment No.02
To Study the Lathe Machine Tools, Accessories, their uses & Limitations while working on lathe machine.
Experiment No.03.
To Study and perform Various Lathe machine operations using lathe machine tools on a given Work piece
Experiment No.04
To Study and perform various milling machine operations using different milling machine tools on a given Work piece
Experiment No.05
To Study and perform drilling/tapping/reaming machine operations using different drilling machine tools on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.06
To study and perform grinding machine operations using different grinding machine tools on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.07
To Study and perform shaper/planner machine operations on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.08
To study the different parts of CNC machining centre, CNC turning centre, their functions & types.
Experiment No.09
To Study and perform various machining operations of CNC machines on a given Work piece.
Experiment No.10
To Study an overview of CNC programming, CNC tools, work holding devices of CNC machines and control panel of CNC machines.
Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperatures while keeping them from mixing with each other.
The primary purpose of a heat exchanger is to either cool down or heat up a fluid, depending on the specific application.
Two fluids, a hot fluid and a cold fluid, flow through the heat exchanger in separate channels.
The hot fluid transfers heat to the cold fluid through the walls of the heat exchanger channels.
The hot fluid exits the heat exchanger at a lower temperature, and the cold fluid exits the heat exchanger at a higher temperature.
Parts :
Shell: The shell is the outer housing or casing of the heat exchanger.
Tubes: The tubes are the inner passages through which one of the fluids flows.
Tube sheet: The tube sheet is a flat plate that holds the tubes in place within the shell.
Baffles: Baffles are used to direct the flow of fluid through the tubes and to increase the heat transfer surface area.
Nozzles: Nozzles are the openings that allow the fluids to enter and exit the heat exchanger.
Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish.Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with expert operators. In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting. It is thus obvious that automated motion control would replace manual “handwheel” control in modern manufacturing. Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to medium batch of parts. In the 1940s when the U.S. Air Force perceived the need to manufacture complex parts for highspeed aircraft. This led to the development of computer-based automatic machine tool controls also known as the Numerical Control (NC) systems. Commercial production of NC machine tools started around the fifties and sixties around the world. Note that at this time the microprocessor has not yet been invented. Initially, the CNC technology was applied on lathes, milling machines, etc. which could perform a single type of metal cutting operation. Later, attempt was made to handle a variety of workpieces that may require several different types machining operations and to finish them in a single set-up. Thus CNC machining Centres capable of performing multiple operations were developed. To start with, CNC machining centres were developed for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and tapping. Gradually machines for manufacturing cylindrical components, called turning centers were developed.
Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
of operations needed for producing a mechanical component. The punched tape used to be read one block at a time. Each block contained, in a particular syntax, information needed for processing a particular machining instruction such as, the segment length, its cutting speed, feed, etc. These pieces of information were related to the final dimensions of the workpiece (length, width, and radii of circles) and the contour forms (linear, circular, or other) as per the drawing. Based on these dimensions, motion commands were given separately for each axis of motion. Other instructions and related machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, as well as auxiliary functions related to coolant flow, spindle speed, part clamping, are also provided in part programs depending on manufacturing specifications such as tolerance and surface finish. Punched tapes are mostly obsolete.
This Presentation is about working principle of Pumps.Basic Presentation regarding pumps , will definitely help beginners to learn pump types , their working , their parts etc.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
This is a 6 week Training report on the topic CNC and Autocad + Delcam + FeatureCam.
This training Report is Submitted by me after completion my 6 week training training in "Krishna Automation Industrial Training Center, Gurgaon".
All the information (Some Standard Values) given in this Training Report is Provided by the KITC , from where i got 6 week training
Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish.Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with expert operators. In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting. It is thus obvious that automated motion control would replace manual “handwheel” control in modern manufacturing. Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to medium batch of parts. In the 1940s when the U.S. Air Force perceived the need to manufacture complex parts for highspeed aircraft. This led to the development of computer-based automatic machine tool controls also known as the Numerical Control (NC) systems. Commercial production of NC machine tools started around the fifties and sixties around the world. Note that at this time the microprocessor has not yet been invented. Initially, the CNC technology was applied on lathes, milling machines, etc. which could perform a single type of metal cutting operation. Later, attempt was made to handle a variety of workpieces that may require several different types machining operations and to finish them in a single set-up. Thus CNC machining Centres capable of performing multiple operations were developed. To start with, CNC machining centres were developed for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and tapping. Gradually machines for manufacturing cylindrical components, called turning centers were developed.
Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
of operations needed for producing a mechanical component. The punched tape used to be read one block at a time. Each block contained, in a particular syntax, information needed for processing a particular machining instruction such as, the segment length, its cutting speed, feed, etc. These pieces of information were related to the final dimensions of the workpiece (length, width, and radii of circles) and the contour forms (linear, circular, or other) as per the drawing. Based on these dimensions, motion commands were given separately for each axis of motion. Other instructions and related machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, as well as auxiliary functions related to coolant flow, spindle speed, part clamping, are also provided in part programs depending on manufacturing specifications such as tolerance and surface finish. Punched tapes are mostly obsolete.
This Presentation is about working principle of Pumps.Basic Presentation regarding pumps , will definitely help beginners to learn pump types , their working , their parts etc.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
This is a 6 week Training report on the topic CNC and Autocad + Delcam + FeatureCam.
This training Report is Submitted by me after completion my 6 week training training in "Krishna Automation Industrial Training Center, Gurgaon".
All the information (Some Standard Values) given in this Training Report is Provided by the KITC , from where i got 6 week training
Applications 3D provides resourceful solutions to your most demanding problems. We provide expert services in reverse engineering, non contact digitizing, Inspection/ Quality control, FEA and CAD.
Pipeline Isometric Drawings Software: A Complete GuideManaswiMumbarkar
Pipeline design software has redefined standards for efficiency, and innovation. AutoCAD and CADWorx are a few Pipeline Isometric Drawing Software. Read More!
Installation and pipeline planning in the 3D model are in the competence of the 3D Designer. Normally this module is used for access to data from Basic Engineering or P&ID. Efficient assistants are available for installation planning: For instance, isometrics can be automatically generated from the planned pipeline systems.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. 3D Plant Design Management System
Introduction
It is a computer-aided design which is used in the Process and Power generation industries for
detail engineering.
It reduces the engineering and construction cost.
It shortens design, construction and commissioning schedules.
It improves operating efficiency, safety, environmental impact and regulatory compliance and
all quality factors.
The deployment of 3D Plant Design Management systems may be seen as differentiating firms
that seek to leverage computer technology for competitive advantage from firms with more
traditional engineering approaches.
Now-a-days 3D Plant design technology becoming as a cornerstone of plant lifecycle
information management.
4. Conceptual Design / Proposal phase :
Process and power generation project costs are sensitive to conceptual design decisions.
Plant design software facilitates the economic analysis of design alternatives before project
costs are committed. For example, 3D modeling enables design engineers to perform
cost/benefit analysis for alternate plot plans.
Accuracy and consistency of the documentation for conceptual design tasks, including process
design and simulation, plant layout, cost estimation, process control specification and
equipment specification are critical determinants of project cost.
Computer-aided conceptual design in general, and 3D design modeling in particular, can
enable design intent to be communicated more efficiently and accurately among engineering
personnel, which improves both quality and timeliness of project design.
Additionally firms can report a favorable reception by senior management to animated 3D
walkthroughs and photo realistic slide presentations at client companies.
Plant life cycle management
Benefits of 3D Plant Design System
5. Engineering and detail design phase:
For engineering and detail design of process and power generation facilitates, 3D technology
promises the following benefits.
Improved quality through data integrity.
Consistency and standardization of design.
Constructability analysis.
Elimination of expensive plastic models.
Design and design segment re-use on future projects.
Input from operations at the design phase.
Automated interference checking.
Input data for engineering analysis and simulation.
Improved overall efficiency through automation of production of engineering drawings and
reports.
Better project control and coordination.
Plant life cycle management
Benefits of 3D Plant Design System
6. Engineering and detail design phase:
The integration of piping specifications and code requirements as well as ANSI and DIN
standards in a consistent database allows engineers to avoid costly mistakes by trapping errors
and out-of-specification design.
A related benefit is that 3D models can be automatically exported to analysis applications to
test the designs for mechanical stress, hydraulic analysis, thermal stress and other factors, which
can both improve design quality and reduce project cost.
Interference checking between disciplines such as piping, equipments, HVAC, structural steel
and electrical.
3D Plant design system provides the automated production of engineering drawings and reports.
Plant life cycle management
Benefits of 3D Plant Design System
7. Construction phase:
Plant construction costs, including construction labor, equipment and materials for typical process
and power generation projects represents approximately 80% to 90% of a total project costs.
Construction-phase benefits of using 3D plant design technology include,
compressed construction schedules
reduction in field rework labor due to improved interference detection
higher-quality documentation for job sequencing and craft work
more reliable and clearer status reporting and verification
improved costing schedules
reduces fabrication cost and bulk material cost up.
Plant life cycle management
Benefits of 3D Plant Design System
8. Construction phase:
Rework can be reduced to as little as 2% of total construction labor when 3D plant design modeling is
utilized during the construction phase.
3-Dimensional plant design databases can be used to generate bill of material (BOM) and material
take-offs (MTO) automatically, which can lead to more accurate procurement, reduced bulk
Material surpluses, and consequently improved project cash flow. Live links from engineering
schematics and the 3D model to component catalogs can also enable more intelligent procurement
scheduling.
Plant life cycle management
Benefits of 3D Plant Design System
9. Operations and Maintenance phase:
Operations and Maintenance phase benefits of using 3D plant design technology include,
optimization of maintenance schedule
improved safety management
streamlined component and drawing research for operations troubleshooting
provides enhanced training and minimize facility turnaround and outage time.
Visualization of the work space enables intelligent maintenance planning, a benefit more easily
achieved with a 3D model than with 2D drawings and physical models.
Plant life cycle management
Benefits of 3D Plant Design System
10. 3D Plant Design software’s
Plant Design System (PDS) – (Intergraph)
Plant Design Management System (PDMS) – (AVEVA)
PlantSPACE - (Bentley )
AutoPLANT 3D – (Bentley)
Smart Plant 3D – (Intergraph)
CADMATIC – (Elomatic)
PlantWise – (Design Power)
PASCE 3D – (EA Systems)
CADWorx – (Autodesk)
CCPLANT – (Dassault Systems)
11. Plant Design Management System (PDMS) – (AVEVA)
Plant Design Management System (PDMS) can be used to design any type of plants such as
Oil & Gas
Power plants
petrochemical plants
offshore platforms
chemical and pharmaceutical plants
consumer products (food, beverages, cosmetics, soap, paper and so forth)
waste water treatment plants
Cogeneration facilities
PDMS helps companies achieve more with fewer resources by providing:
Automation that improves productivity
3D-Modeling that helps designers create a better design
Dynamic walkthroughs that allow operations and maintenance personnel to interactively view
the plant before it is constructed.
Interference checking to reduce or eliminate field rework.
Accurate material take-offs that cut costs.
Specification driven design and checking that improve accuracy.
Introduction
12. Plant Design Management System (PDMS) – (AVEVA)
Schematics Environment:
P&ID, PFD and IDM
Material Take-off (MTO)
Reports
Equipment Modeling:
3D Equipment models
Structural Modeling:
3D Structural Model
Deliverables from PDMS
13. Plant Design Management System (PDMS) – (AVEVA)
Piping Designer:
3D Piping models
Electrical Raceway Module:
3D Raceway models
Material Take-off (MTO)
Pipe Stress Analysis:
Stress analysis neutral file for CAESAR
Pipe Support Designer:
3D Pipe support models
Deliverables from PDMS
14. Plant Design Management System (PDMS) – (AVEVA)
Isodraft for Isometrics:
Isometric Drawings
ISOGEN MTO neutral file
Parts list (Bill of Materials)
2D Drawing (Draft):
2D Drawings
Report Extraction:
Material Take-off report for piping, equipment and pipe supports
Reports on Project, Design and reference database files
Deliverables from PDMS
15. Comparative strengths of PDMS
PDMS provides database integration between P&ID and piping design. This provides design
reference for routing pipe and eliminates errors.
‘Piping Designer’ is a specification-driven task. The piping job specification is accessed
during the placement of each component or pipe. It avoids mistakes by trapping errors and
out-of-specification design.
Implied material items like gaskets, bolts and welds are placed automatically. They are
invisible graphically and listed in the bill of materials.
Non physical data such as branch calculations or gasket separation, wall thickness
calculations are hard corded in the software itself.
The Piping Assembly Language (PAL) enables to define the parameter necessary to place a
piping assembly (group of components) automatically in the model.
PDMS generates stress neutral file for third party software’s like CAESAR.
PDMS allows to extract isometrics from a 3D plant model. The ISODraft software is designed to
be flexible because drawing practices vary from one company to another. In addition to
isometric drawings it generates ISOGEN MTO neutral file, Parts list (Bill of Materials) and Cut
pipe report.
