This document discusses planning in management. It defines planning as deciding in advance what is to be done, when, where, how, and by whom. Planning bridges the gap from the present to desired future goals. The document outlines the types of planning as corporate, functional, and operational based on scope and time period. It also discusses the purposes, nature, advantages, and process of planning.

1. PLANNING
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2. PLANNING
• Planning is deciding in advance what is to be
done, when where, how and by whom it is to be
done.
• Planning bridges the gap from where we are to
where we want to go.
• It includes the selection of objectives, policies,
procedures and programmes from among
alternatives

3. ACCORDING TO MANAGEMENT
THEORIST:
• According to Koontz O'Donnel - "Planning is an
intellectual process, the conscious determination
of courses of action, the basing of decisions on
purpose, acts and considered estimates".
• “Planning is deciding in advance what is to be
done”
-W H Newman

4. NATURE OF PLANNING
1.Planning is goal oriented
2.Primacy of planning
3.Pervasiveness of planning
4.Efficiency,Economy and Accuracy
5.Co ordination
6.Limiting factors
7.Flexibility
8.Planning is an intellectual process

5. PURPOSE OF PLANNING
1.To manage by objectives
2.To offset uncertainty and change
3.To secure economy in operation
4.To help in coordination
5.To make control effective
6.To increase organisational effectiveness

6. TYPES OF PLANNING
• PLANNING
• ACTIVITY COVERED TIME PERIOD IMPORTANT FORMS
•
1.Corparate planning 1.Long term 1.strategic planning
2.Functional planning 2.short term 2.Tactical planning
3.Operational planning

7. TYPES OF PLANNING-
ACTIVITY COVERED
Corporate Planning :
• Determines long-term objectives of an organisation as
whole
• Generates plans to achieve these objectives
• Future orientated
• Integrated
Functional planning :
• Undertaken for sub functions witin each major functions
• Derived from corporate planning.
• Segmental

8. TIME PERIOD
LONG TERM :
• Strategic in nature.
• Involves generally 3-5 years.
• It relates to matters like new product ,product
diversification .
SHORT TERM:
• Short term planning typically covers time frames of less
than one year in order to assist their company in moving
gradually toward its longer term.
• Examples are the skills of the employees and their
attitudes. The condition of production equipment or
product quality problems are also short-term concerns.

9. IMPORTANT FORMS
STRATEGIC :
• It sets future directions of the
organization in which it wants to proceed in future.
• It involves a time horizon of more than
one year and for most of the organization it
ranges between 3 and 5 years.
• Strategic plans are generally developed by top level
management.
• Eg. diversification of business into new lines, planned
grown rate in sales.

10. Operational plans are developed to determine
the steps necessary for achieving tactical goals..
They are used as a guide for day to day
operation by department managers.
These plans may cover a time frame of few
months, weeks or even a few days.

11. PROCESS OF PLANNING

12. ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
Planning minimizes uncertainties
Planning facilitates co-ordination
Planning improves employee’s moral
Planning helps in achieving economies
Planning facilitates controlling
Planning provides competitive edge
Planning encourages innovations