The document defines and discusses various types of plagiarism, including copyright infringement, collusion, self-plagiarism, and contract cheating. It provides examples of each type and gives steps to avoid plagiarizing, such as taking detailed notes, properly citing sources, paraphrasing ideas in your own words, and not submitting previously used or purchased work. The key message is that original work with proper attribution of ideas and quotations to original sources is necessary to avoid plagiarizing.

1. Plagiarism

2. What is plagiarism?
 The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and
passing them off as one’s own.¹
 To present as new and original an idea or product derived
from an existing source.²
 Four types:
 Copyright Infringement
 Collusion
 Self-plagiarism
 Contract Cheating

3. First Type: Copyright Infringement
 Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving
credit.¹
 Failing to properly cite a quotation.
 Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation.
 Failing to properly paraphrase.

4. How to avoid:
Failing to properly cite a quotation
 Take detailed notes!
 Use reference guidelines to ensure ALL quotations are cited
correctly internally AND in your works cited or
bibliography page.
 Ex: According to the National Literacy Trust, reading for pleasure
is summed as “reading that we do of our own free will,
anticipating the satisfaction that we will get from the act of
reading” (Clark and Rumbold, 2006, p. 2).

5. How to Avoid:
Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 Take detailed notes!
 Always quote the source you are actually using, even if that
source uses information from another resource.
 Ex: Mirow and Shore (as cited in Carroll, 2002) emphasise that
the advent of the computer, allowing ease of manipulation of
text, has contributed to the large-scale problem of loss of
ownership of written works for many authors (p. 5).

6. How to Avoid:
Failing to properly paraphrase
 Paraphrasing involves incorporating ideas from another
work and summarizing them into your own words.
 The sentence structure must be different from the
original work.
 If you copy the sentence structure but change a few words
with a thesaurus, this is still plagiarism.

7. Steps for Paraphrasing¹
1. Select the passage that you wish to paraphrase.
2. Read the passage several times and note keywords.
3. Using these words and without referring to the original
source of the information, try to verbalize what the author
is saying (imagine explaining it to a friend).
4. Summarize using your own words; write an account of
what you have just read and verbalized.
5. Check what you have written against the original text to
confirm you have captured the idea in your own words.
6. Use the text in your work, and include a citation and
reference.

8. Second Type: Collusion
 Accepting assistance with an assignment to such a degree
that the work you submit is not your own.
 Can occur when asking others to edit work for you.

9. Avoiding Collusion
 If a friend in a class assists you with getting started on an
independent project, be careful not to recapitulate their
ideas or structure as your own.
 If using a friend or a professional to edit your work, be clear
that they must not actually change any of the work but only
make recommendations.

10. Third Type: Self-plagiarism
 Submitting work that has already been used for a separate
class, presentation, or published work.

11. Avoiding Self-Plagiarism
 Speak to your tutor or instructor before submitting work
you have already used on a separate occasion.
 Use the notes from research you have previously completed
to do further research and create a new original work.

12. Fourth Type: Contract Cheating
 Purchasing essays or other work from a third party to pass
off as your own.

13. STEPS TO PREVENT PLAGIARISM:
1. Do original work. Use other resources to give you a baseline,
then analyze these ideas with your own words and ideas to
create a new original work.
2. Take copious notes. Take notes while you are reading, not
after, to avoid copyright infringement associated with citations.
3. Quotations: When using quotations, be sure to use the
referencing guidelines to create an IN-TEXT CITATION
and add the full reference to your bibliography.
4. Paraphrases: Summarize ideas in other resources using your
own words. Do not use a thesaurus. Do not keep the original
work’s sentence structure. Use an IN-TEXT CITATION to
show the original idea was not your own.
5. Include a works-cited or bibliography page.
6. Do not submit someone else’s work as your own.
7. Do not submit your own previously created work for
another course.

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Academicintegrity.curtin.edu.au, (2015). Overview - What is Copyright?. [online]
Available at:
https://academicintegrity.curtin.edu.au/overview/Copyright_whatis.cfm [Accessed
26 May 2015].
2. Curtin University, (2015). Student Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism. [online] Available
at: https://academicintegrity.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/StudentPlagiarismGuide.pdf
[Accessed 26 May 2015].
3. Lib.usm.edu, (2015). What is Plagiarism?. [online] Available at:
http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/whatisplag.php [Accessed 26 May 2015].
4. Library.leeds.ac.uk, (2015). Harvard citations - Leeds University Library. [online] Available
at: http://library.leeds.ac.uk/homepage/91/harvard_citations#activate-
how_to_incorporate_citations_into_your_work [Accessed 26 May 2015].
5. Owl.english.purdue.edu, (2015). Purdue OWL: Avoiding Plagiarism. [online] Available
at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/03/ [Accessed 26 May 2015].
6. Plagiarism.org - Best Practices for Ensuring Originality in Written Work,
(2015). What is Plagiarism?. [online] Available at:
http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism [Accessed 26 May
2015].