This document provides an overview of various Java operators including: - Arithmetic operators like +, -, *, /, % - Relational operators like >, <, ==, != - Assignment operators like = - Logical operators like &&, ||, ! - Increment/decrement operators like ++, -- - Bitwise operators like &, |, ^ - String concatenation operator + - Ternary operator ?: It includes examples of using each operator and discusses shorthand operators, precedence rules, and automatic type conversions. Key operator types like arithmetic, relational, logical and bitwise are defined along with examples of using each in code snippets.

1. Basic Java Programming
Sasidhara Marrapu

2. Java Operators
 Operators  Lab Problem
 Home Work

3. Operators:
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Assignment Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Misc Operators

4. Mathematical/Arithmetic Operators
Name Meaning Example Result
+ Addition 34 + 1 35
- Subtraction 34.0 – 0.1 33.9
* Multiplication 300 * 30 9000
/ Division 1.0 / 2.0 0.5
% Remainder 20 % 3 2

5. Mathematical/Arithmetic Operators
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, k, p, q, r, s, t;
j = 5;
k = 2;
p = j + k;
q = j - k;
r = j * k;
s = j / k;
t = j % k;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("r = " + r);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
System.out.println("t = " + t);
}
} > java Example
p = 7
q = 3
r = 10
s = 2
t = 1
>

6. Relational Operators
Primitives
• Greater Than >
• Less Than <
• Greater Than or Equal >=
• Less Than or Equal <=
Primitives or Object References
• Equal (Equivalent) ==
• Not Equal !=
The Result is Always true or false

7. Relational Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int p =2; int q = 2; int r = 3;
Integer i = new Integer(10);
Integer j = new Integer(10);
System.out.println("p < r " + (p < r));
System.out.println("p > r " + (p > r));
System.out.println("p == q " + (p == q));
System.out.println("p != q " + (p != q));
System.out.println("i == j " + (i == j));
System.out.println("i != j " + (i != j));
}
} > java Example
p < r true
p > r false
p == q true
p != q false
i == j false
i != j true
>

8. Assignment Operator (=)
lvalue = rvalue;
• Take the value of the rvalue and
store it in the lvalue.
• The rvalue is any constant,
variable or expression.
• The lvalue is named variable.
w = 10;
x = w;
z = (x - 2)/(2 + 2);

9. Assignment Operator (=) and
Classes
Date x = new Date();
Date y = new Date();
x = y;

10. Assignment Operator (=) and
Classes
Date x = new Date();
Date y = new Date();
x = y;

11. Shorthand Operators
Operator Common Shorthand
+= a = a + b; a += b;
-= a = a - b; a -= b;
*= a = a * b; a *= b;
/= a = a / b; a /= b;
%= a = a % b; a %= b;

12. Shorthand Operators
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, p, q, r, s, t;
j = 5;
p = 1; q = 2; r = 3; s = 4; t = 5;
p += j;
q -= j;
r *= j;
s /= j;
t %= j;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("r = " + r);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
System.out.println("t = " + t);
}
}
> java Example
p = 6
q = -3
r = 15
s = 0
t = 0
>

13. Shorthand Increment and
Decrement ++ and --
Common Shorthand
a = a + 1; a++; or ++a;
a = a - 1; a--; or --a;

14. Increment and Decrement
> java example
p = 6
q = 6
j = 7
r = 6
s = 6
>
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, p, q, r, s;
j = 5;
p = ++j; // j = j + 1; p = j;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
q = j++; // q = j; j = j + 1;
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("j = " + j);
r = --j; // j = j -1; r = j;
System.out.println("r = " + r);
s = j--; // s = j; j = j - 1;
System.out.println("s = " + s);
}
}

15. Logical Operators (boolean)
 Logical AND &&
 Logical OR ||
 Logical NOT !

16. Logical (&&) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("f && f " + (f && f));
System.out.println("f && t " + (f && t));
System.out.println("t && f " + (t && f));
System.out.println("t && t " + (t && t));
}
} > java Example
f && f false
f && t false
t && f false
t && t true
>

17. Logical (||) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("f || f " + (f || f));
System.out.println("f || t " + (f || t));
System.out.println("t || f " + (t || f));
System.out.println("t || t " + (t || t));
}
}
> java Example
f || f false
f || t true
t || f true
t || t true
>

18. Logical (!) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("!f " + !f);
System.out.println("!t " + !t);
}
} > java Example
!f true
!t false
>

19. Logical Operator Examples
Short Circuiting with &&
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean b;
int j, k;
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ == k ) && ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ != k ) && ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
}
}
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 1
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 1
b, j, k false 1, 0
>

20. Logical Operator Examples
Short Circuiting with ||
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean b;
int j, k;
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ == k ) || ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ != k ) || ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
}
}
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 0
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 0
b, j, k true 1, 1
>

21. Bitwise Operators
• AND &
• OR |
• XOR ^
• NOT ~

22. Bitwise Operator Examples
class BitwiseOR {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int number1 = 12, number2 = 25, result;
result = number1 | number2;
System.out.println(result);
}
}
29

23. Bitwise Operator Examples
29
12 = 00001100 (In Binary)
25 = 00011001 (In Binary)
Bitwise OR Operation of 12 and 25
00001100
| 00011001
________
00011101 = 29 (In decimal)

24. Bitwise Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10; // 00001010 = 10
int b = 12; // 00001100 = 12
int and, or, xor, na;
and = a & b; // 00001000 = 8
or = a | b; // 00001110 = 14
xor = a ^ b; // 00000110 = 6
na = ~a; // 11110101 = -11
System.out.println("and " + and);
System.out.println("or " + or);
System.out.println("xor " + xor);
System.out.println("na " + na);
}
} > java Example
and 8
or 14
xor 6
na -11
>

25. Ternary Operator
? :
If true this expression is
evaluated and becomes the
value entire expression.
Any expression that evaluates
to a boolean value.
If false this expression is
evaluated and becomes the
value entire expression.
boolean_expression ? expression_1 : expression_2

26. Ternary ( ? : ) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("t?true:false "+(t ? true : false ));
System.out.println("t?1:2 "+(t ? 1 : 2 ));
System.out.println("f?true:false "+(f ? true : false ));
System.out.println("f?1:2 "+(f ? 1 : 2 ));
}
}
> java Example
t?true:false true
t?1:2 1
f?true:false false
f?1:2 2
>

27. String (+) Operator
String Concatenation
"Now is " + "the time."
"Now is the time."

28. String (+) Operator
Automatic Conversion to a String
If either expression_1
If either expression_1 or expression_2 evaluates
to a string the other will be converted to a string
if needed. The result will be their concatenation.
expression_1 + expression_2

29. String (+) Operator
Automatic Conversion with Primitives
"The number is " + 4
"The number is " + "4"
"The number is 4"

30. String (+) Operator
Automatic Conversion with Objects
"Today is " + new Date()
"Today is " + "Wed 27 22:12;26 CST 2000"
"Today is Wed 27 22:12;26 CST 2000"
"Today is " + new Date().toString()

31. Instance of Operator
• This operator is used only for object reference
variables.
• The operator checks whether the object is of a
particular type (class type or interface type).
instanceof operator is written as
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)

32. InstanceOf Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String name = "James";
// following will return true since name is type of String
boolean result = name instanceof String;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
> true

33. Operator Precedence
+ - ++ -- ! ~ ()
* / %
+ -
<< >> >>>
> < >= <= instanceof
== !=
& | ^
&& ||
?:
= (and += etc.)
Unary
Arithmetic
Shift
Comparison
Logical Bit
Boolean
Ternary
Assignment

34. Home Work