Pituitary gland and there hormone .pdf
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Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small gland located at the base of the brain that produces several important hormones. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates processes like growth, metabolism, stress responses and reproduction by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance and milk production. The pituitary is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands in the body.
PITUITARY GLAND,LOBES,FUNCTIONS,ABNORMALITIES AND NORMAL RANGES.pptx
Pituitary gland, also called hypophysis, ductless gland of the endocrine system that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland that is situated in the basal part of the brain below the hypothalamus and above the nasal passage.
The term hypophysis (from the greek for “lying under”)—another name for the pituitary—refers to the gland’s position on the underside of the brain.
The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” because its hormones regulate other important endocrine glands—including the adrenal, thyroid, and reproductive glands (e.G., Ovaries and testes)
The pituitary gland lies at the middle of the base of the skull and is housed within a bony structure called the sella turcica, which is behind the nose and immediately beneath the hypothalamus.
The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk composed of neuronal axons.
Its weight in normal adult humans ranges from about 500 to 900 mg (0.02 to 0.03 ounce).
Adenohyphophysis: - Anterior lobe. It is influenced by
hormones which come from the hypothalamus.
Neurohypophysis: - Posterior lobe. It is influenced by neurons which convey hormones directly from hypothalamic nuclei for storage of posterior lobe.
Intermediate lobe:-pars intermedia
The cells of the anterior pituitary are embryologically derived from an outpouching of the roof of the pharynx, known as Rathke’s pouch.
There are five different types of cells, each of which secretes a different hormone or hormones.
The thyrotrophs synthesize and secrete thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH);
the gonadotrophs, both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
the corticotrophs, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; corticotropin);
the somatotrophs, growth hormone (GH; somatotropin); and
the lactotrophs, prolactin.
Hypopituitarism can affect various bodily functions, including growth, blood pressure regulation, and reproductive ability.
Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency:
In children: Growth problems and short stature/dwarfism.
In adults: Loss of interest in activities, lack of social contacts.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Deficiency:Affects the reproductive system, leading to lowered sex drive, tiredness, and infertility.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Deficiency:
Causes hypothyroidism, resulting in sensitivity to cold and trouble staying warm.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Deficiency:Symptoms include frequent infections, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) Deficiency (also known as vasopressin):
Impairs fluid balance in the body.
CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Definition: Hyperpituitarism involves excessive secretion of pituitary hormones.
Causes: It can result from pituitary tumors (adenomas) or other conditions.
Effects:
Growth Hormone (GH) Excess:
In children: Gigantism (excessive growth).
In adults: Acromegaly (enlargement of bones and tissues)...................
endocrine system.pdf
The document summarizes the structure and function of the pituitary gland and its role in controlling hormone release. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe contains cells that secrete hormones like growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and gonadotropins in response to releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. The posterior lobe stores and releases anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin which are produced in the hypothalamus. Disorders like acromegaly, gigantism, and diabetes insipidus can result from dysfunction of the pituitary and hypothalamic hormones.
Endocrine Glands
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It produces thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) which regulate metabolism. The thyroid is made up of follicles containing colloid surrounded by follicular cells that secrete thyroid hormones. Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into the internal jugular vein. The thyroid is located anterior to the trachea and is bordered by strap muscles.
Endocrine system by Cyrus L. Gonzales
The document summarizes several endocrine glands and their functions. It describes the pituitary gland as the "master gland" that controls many other glands. It regulates the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through thyroid hormones. The parathyroids regulate blood calcium levels via parathyroid hormone. The pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon. The adrenals regulate stress response and metabolism through cortisol and other hormones. The ovaries and testes produce sex hormones like estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The thymus and pineal gland also have roles in immunity and reproduction.
Endocrine system
endocrine system presentation glands and their hormones
by Cyrus L. Gonzales
BS Medical Technology
Endocrine disorder
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, acts as the control center for the endocrine system. It has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones like growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. These hormones target organs like the thyroid, adrenals, and liver. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone which are produced in the hypothalamus. Pituitary tumors can cause hyperpituitarism by overproducing hormones or compressing the pituitary and decreasing hormone production.
16. pituitary gland
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland located below it. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate many bodily functions. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary by secreting releasing or inhibiting hormones. The pituitary's anterior lobe secretes trophic hormones that control other endocrine glands, while its posterior lobe secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin which act directly on body tissues. Disorders can arise if the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is disrupted.
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Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small gland located at the base of the brain that produces several important hormones. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates processes like growth, metabolism, stress responses and reproduction by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance and milk production. The pituitary is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands in the body.
PITUITARY GLAND,LOBES,FUNCTIONS,ABNORMALITIES AND NORMAL RANGES.pptx
Pituitary gland, also called hypophysis, ductless gland of the endocrine system that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland that is situated in the basal part of the brain below the hypothalamus and above the nasal passage.
The term hypophysis (from the greek for “lying under”)—another name for the pituitary—refers to the gland’s position on the underside of the brain.
The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” because its hormones regulate other important endocrine glands—including the adrenal, thyroid, and reproductive glands (e.G., Ovaries and testes)
The pituitary gland lies at the middle of the base of the skull and is housed within a bony structure called the sella turcica, which is behind the nose and immediately beneath the hypothalamus.
The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk composed of neuronal axons.
Its weight in normal adult humans ranges from about 500 to 900 mg (0.02 to 0.03 ounce).
Adenohyphophysis: - Anterior lobe. It is influenced by
hormones which come from the hypothalamus.
Neurohypophysis: - Posterior lobe. It is influenced by neurons which convey hormones directly from hypothalamic nuclei for storage of posterior lobe.
Intermediate lobe:-pars intermedia
The cells of the anterior pituitary are embryologically derived from an outpouching of the roof of the pharynx, known as Rathke’s pouch.
There are five different types of cells, each of which secretes a different hormone or hormones.
The thyrotrophs synthesize and secrete thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH);
the gonadotrophs, both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
the corticotrophs, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; corticotropin);
the somatotrophs, growth hormone (GH; somatotropin); and
the lactotrophs, prolactin.
Hypopituitarism can affect various bodily functions, including growth, blood pressure regulation, and reproductive ability.
Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency:
In children: Growth problems and short stature/dwarfism.
In adults: Loss of interest in activities, lack of social contacts.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Deficiency:Affects the reproductive system, leading to lowered sex drive, tiredness, and infertility.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Deficiency:
Causes hypothyroidism, resulting in sensitivity to cold and trouble staying warm.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Deficiency:Symptoms include frequent infections, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) Deficiency (also known as vasopressin):
Impairs fluid balance in the body.
CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Definition: Hyperpituitarism involves excessive secretion of pituitary hormones.
Causes: It can result from pituitary tumors (adenomas) or other conditions.
Effects:
Growth Hormone (GH) Excess:
In children: Gigantism (excessive growth).
In adults: Acromegaly (enlargement of bones and tissues)...................
endocrine system.pdf
The document summarizes the structure and function of the pituitary gland and its role in controlling hormone release. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe contains cells that secrete hormones like growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and gonadotropins in response to releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. The posterior lobe stores and releases anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin which are produced in the hypothalamus. Disorders like acromegaly, gigantism, and diabetes insipidus can result from dysfunction of the pituitary and hypothalamic hormones.
Endocrine Glands
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It produces thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) which regulate metabolism. The thyroid is made up of follicles containing colloid surrounded by follicular cells that secrete thyroid hormones. Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into the internal jugular vein. The thyroid is located anterior to the trachea and is bordered by strap muscles.
Endocrine system by Cyrus L. Gonzales
The document summarizes several endocrine glands and their functions. It describes the pituitary gland as the "master gland" that controls many other glands. It regulates the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through thyroid hormones. The parathyroids regulate blood calcium levels via parathyroid hormone. The pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon. The adrenals regulate stress response and metabolism through cortisol and other hormones. The ovaries and testes produce sex hormones like estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The thymus and pineal gland also have roles in immunity and reproduction.
Endocrine system
endocrine system presentation glands and their hormones
by Cyrus L. Gonzales
BS Medical Technology
Endocrine disorder
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, acts as the control center for the endocrine system. It has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones like growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. These hormones target organs like the thyroid, adrenals, and liver. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone which are produced in the hypothalamus. Pituitary tumors can cause hyperpituitarism by overproducing hormones or compressing the pituitary and decreasing hormone production.
16. pituitary gland
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland located below it. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate many bodily functions. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary by secreting releasing or inhibiting hormones. The pituitary's anterior lobe secretes trophic hormones that control other endocrine glands, while its posterior lobe secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin which act directly on body tissues. Disorders can arise if the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is disrupted.
pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is divided into two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulates processes like growth. The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Some key hormones produced include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Disorders of the pituitary gland can result in too much or too little hormone production and affect growth, metabolism, and other bodily functions.
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction and lactation by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance in the body. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands.
Endocrine system.pptx
The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones released into the bloodstream. It includes glands like the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenals. The pituitary is called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands and processes via hormones. Hormones regulate crucial body processes including growth, metabolism, sexual development, and stress response. Imbalances can result in diseases such as diabetes or thyroid disorders.
discussion on the endocrine system for science grade10.pptx
The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones to regulate vital body functions. The major glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive glands. The pituitary gland is referred to as the "master gland" and produces hormones that control other glands and regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction and lactation. Other glands and their key hormones include the thyroid (thyroxine), parathyroid (parathyroid hormone), adrenals (adrenaline), pancreas (insulin and glucagon), ovaries (estrogen and progesterone) and testes (testosterone and androgen). The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through
dentistry and endocrinology
The document provides an overview of endocrinology and summarizes key endocrine glands and hormones. It discusses the pituitary gland and hormones including growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ADH/vasopressin and oxytocin. It also summarizes the thyroid gland, thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The document further discusses the endocrine functions of the pancreas including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide and types of diabetes mellitus.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.pptx
The endocrine system regulates whole body function through hormones. Hormones are released by endocrine glands and circulate through the bloodstream to target sites. Key endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries/testes. The pituitary gland regulates other glands through releasing hormones like TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, and GH. Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 regulate metabolism, and calcitonin regulates calcium levels. The parathyroid secretes PTH which increases calcium absorption and resorption from bones.
Pituitary gland
The document discusses the endocrine system and pituitary gland. It defines the endocrine system as a group of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate organ and cell activity. The pituitary gland, also called the "master gland", is a pea-sized gland located in the brain that controls the function of other glands. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and prolactin, while the posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH). The document provides details on the functions of these hormones and conditions related to hormone imbalances.
pitutiary gland.pptx
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that regulates many essential body functions. It produces hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulates processes like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and lactation. The pituitary has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe produces hormones that control thyroid function, adrenal function, growth, and reproduction. The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones from the hypothalamus that regulate fluid balance and milk release. Disorders can occur if the pituitary produces too much or too little of certain hormones.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones which act on target tissues to maintain homeostasis. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes, and pancreas. Hormones regulate growth and development, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood. Diseases can result if the glands produce too much or too little of certain hormones.
Chemical coordination and integration
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system and how it coordinates and regulates various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones. It describes the major endocrine glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, and others. It also discusses the characteristics, classifications, functions, and mechanisms of action of different hormones. Disorders that can occur due to hormonal imbalances are also mentioned.
Pitutary glad and its diseases
The document provides information about the pituitary gland (hypophysis), including its location at the base of the brain, its connection to the hypothalamus, and its role as the "master gland" that regulates other endocrine glands. It then describes the three parts of the pituitary gland - anterior, intermediate, and posterior pituitary - and provides details on their structure, location, and the hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary. The document concludes by discussing some common and rare disorders of the pituitary gland, including symptoms and treatment approaches.
The endocrine system
This PowerPoint presentation covers the anatomy, physiology and common disorders of the endocrine system.
Ant.Pitutary(1)
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how the endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones, compared to the nervous system which handles short-term crisis response. It describes the different types of hormones based on whether they are freely circulating or bound to transport proteins. It also summarizes the major glands of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes; and the hormones they secrete including TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, growth hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys and consist of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. The medulla secretes catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine. The pancreas contains clusters of cells called islets that secrete glucagon and insulin which regulate blood sugar levels. The ovaries and testes are reproductive endocrine glands. The ovaries secrete estrogens and progesterone while the testes secrete testosterone.
Hormones of pituitary gland
The document summarizes the hormones of the pituitary gland. It discusses that the pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones. These hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. It provides details on the function and regulation of each hormone. Common diseases associated with hormonal imbalances are also mentioned.
Physiology of pituitary gland
The document discusses several hormones produced by the pituitary gland and their effects. It begins by describing growth hormone (GH) and its role in promoting insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) which cause cell growth. GH increases growth during childhood and maintains muscle and bone mass in adults. Thyroid stimulating hormone regulates thyroid hormones, while follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone control reproduction. Prolactin induces milk production. The hypothalamus regulates pituitary hormone secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones. Conditions caused by pituitary hormone imbalances like gigantism, dwarfism, and acromegaly are also summarized.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that is known as the "master gland" because it controls many other glands. It produces hormones that stimulate cell growth and the growth of muscles and bones. The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes - the anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones that control chemical and metabolic processes and growth, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that regulate water balance and stimulate growth and maturation of the gonads.
Endocrine System
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system. It describes the general features of endocrine glands, including that they are ductless and secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It then lists several major endocrine glands, their locations, and the hormones they secrete. These glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and pineal glands. The document concludes by describing the structure and cellular composition of each gland, as well as the functions of their major hormones.
Hypothalamus 1
This document discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It begins by describing the hypothalamus' location and role in connecting the brain and endocrine system. It then lists the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and their functions in stimulating or inhibiting pituitary hormone release. Next, it describes the pituitary gland's dual nature and location in the sella turcica, before listing the hormones secreted by its two lobes and their functions. It concludes by discussing the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system and its role in transporting hypothalamic hormones to regulate pituitary function.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and other hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Diseases of the pituitary gland include hyperpituitarism due to overproduction of hormones and hypopituitarism due to underproduction. Pituitary tumors are also common and can cause hormonal imbalances or pressure effects.
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pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is divided into two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulates processes like growth. The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Some key hormones produced include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Disorders of the pituitary gland can result in too much or too little hormone production and affect growth, metabolism, and other bodily functions.
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It has two lobes - the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction and lactation by producing hormones that stimulate other glands. The posterior lobe helps control water balance in the body. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands.
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The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones released into the bloodstream. It includes glands like the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenals. The pituitary is called the "master gland" as it controls many other glands and processes via hormones. Hormones regulate crucial body processes including growth, metabolism, sexual development, and stress response. Imbalances can result in diseases such as diabetes or thyroid disorders.
discussion on the endocrine system for science grade10.pptx
The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones to regulate vital body functions. The major glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive glands. The pituitary gland is referred to as the "master gland" and produces hormones that control other glands and regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction and lactation. Other glands and their key hormones include the thyroid (thyroxine), parathyroid (parathyroid hormone), adrenals (adrenaline), pancreas (insulin and glucagon), ovaries (estrogen and progesterone) and testes (testosterone and androgen). The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through
dentistry and endocrinology
The document provides an overview of endocrinology and summarizes key endocrine glands and hormones. It discusses the pituitary gland and hormones including growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ADH/vasopressin and oxytocin. It also summarizes the thyroid gland, thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The document further discusses the endocrine functions of the pancreas including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide and types of diabetes mellitus.
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The endocrine system regulates whole body function through hormones. Hormones are released by endocrine glands and circulate through the bloodstream to target sites. Key endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries/testes. The pituitary gland regulates other glands through releasing hormones like TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, and GH. Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 regulate metabolism, and calcitonin regulates calcium levels. The parathyroid secretes PTH which increases calcium absorption and resorption from bones.
Pituitary gland
The document discusses the endocrine system and pituitary gland. It defines the endocrine system as a group of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate organ and cell activity. The pituitary gland, also called the "master gland", is a pea-sized gland located in the brain that controls the function of other glands. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary secretes hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and prolactin, while the posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH). The document provides details on the functions of these hormones and conditions related to hormone imbalances.
pitutiary gland.pptx
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that regulates many essential body functions. It produces hormones that control other endocrine glands and regulates processes like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and lactation. The pituitary has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe produces hormones that control thyroid function, adrenal function, growth, and reproduction. The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones from the hypothalamus that regulate fluid balance and milk release. Disorders can occur if the pituitary produces too much or too little of certain hormones.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones which act on target tissues to maintain homeostasis. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes, and pancreas. Hormones regulate growth and development, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood. Diseases can result if the glands produce too much or too little of certain hormones.
Chemical coordination and integration
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system and how it coordinates and regulates various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones. It describes the major endocrine glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, and others. It also discusses the characteristics, classifications, functions, and mechanisms of action of different hormones. Disorders that can occur due to hormonal imbalances are also mentioned.
Pitutary glad and its diseases
The document provides information about the pituitary gland (hypophysis), including its location at the base of the brain, its connection to the hypothalamus, and its role as the "master gland" that regulates other endocrine glands. It then describes the three parts of the pituitary gland - anterior, intermediate, and posterior pituitary - and provides details on their structure, location, and the hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary. The document concludes by discussing some common and rare disorders of the pituitary gland, including symptoms and treatment approaches.
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This PowerPoint presentation covers the anatomy, physiology and common disorders of the endocrine system.
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This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how the endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones, compared to the nervous system which handles short-term crisis response. It describes the different types of hormones based on whether they are freely circulating or bound to transport proteins. It also summarizes the major glands of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes; and the hormones they secrete including TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, growth hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys and consist of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. The medulla secretes catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine. The pancreas contains clusters of cells called islets that secrete glucagon and insulin which regulate blood sugar levels. The ovaries and testes are reproductive endocrine glands. The ovaries secrete estrogens and progesterone while the testes secrete testosterone.
Hormones of pituitary gland
The document summarizes the hormones of the pituitary gland. It discusses that the pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones. These hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. It provides details on the function and regulation of each hormone. Common diseases associated with hormonal imbalances are also mentioned.
Physiology of pituitary gland
The document discusses several hormones produced by the pituitary gland and their effects. It begins by describing growth hormone (GH) and its role in promoting insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) which cause cell growth. GH increases growth during childhood and maintains muscle and bone mass in adults. Thyroid stimulating hormone regulates thyroid hormones, while follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone control reproduction. Prolactin induces milk production. The hypothalamus regulates pituitary hormone secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones. Conditions caused by pituitary hormone imbalances like gigantism, dwarfism, and acromegaly are also summarized.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that is known as the "master gland" because it controls many other glands. It produces hormones that stimulate cell growth and the growth of muscles and bones. The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes - the anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones that control chemical and metabolic processes and growth, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that regulate water balance and stimulate growth and maturation of the gonads.
Endocrine System
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system. It describes the general features of endocrine glands, including that they are ductless and secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It then lists several major endocrine glands, their locations, and the hormones they secrete. These glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and pineal glands. The document concludes by describing the structure and cellular composition of each gland, as well as the functions of their major hormones.
Hypothalamus 1
This document discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It begins by describing the hypothalamus' location and role in connecting the brain and endocrine system. It then lists the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and their functions in stimulating or inhibiting pituitary hormone release. Next, it describes the pituitary gland's dual nature and location in the sella turcica, before listing the hormones secreted by its two lobes and their functions. It concludes by discussing the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system and its role in transporting hypothalamic hormones to regulate pituitary function.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and other hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Diseases of the pituitary gland include hyperpituitarism due to overproduction of hormones and hypopituitarism due to underproduction. Pituitary tumors are also common and can cause hormonal imbalances or pressure effects.
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The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-Tech
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
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Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
Electrocardiogram_20240614_173859_0000.pdf
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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Welcome to our captivating SlideShare presentation on the Special Senses, where we delve into the extraordinary capabilities that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. Join us on a sensory journey as we explore the intricate structures and functions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance.
The special senses are our primary means of experiencing and interpreting the environment, each sense providing unique and vital information that shapes our perceptions and responses. These senses are facilitated by highly specialized organs and complex neural pathways, enabling us to see a vibrant sunset, hear a symphony, savor a delicious meal, detect a fragrant flower, and maintain our equilibrium.
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Auditory System (Hearing): Examine the structures of the ear and the process of sound wave transduction, from the outer ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve. Learn about hearing loss, auditory processing, and the advances in hearing aid technology.
Olfactory System (Smell): Discover the olfactory receptors and pathways that enable the detection of thousands of different odors. Explore the connection between smell and memory and the impact of olfactory disorders on quality of life.
Gustatory System (Taste): Uncover the taste buds and the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Delve into the interplay between taste and smell and the factors influencing our food preferences and eating habits.
Vestibular System (Balance): Investigate the inner ear structures responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Understand how the vestibular system helps maintain posture and coordination, and explore common vestibular disorders and their effects.
Through engaging visuals, interactive diagrams, and insightful explanations, we aim to illuminate the complexities of the special senses and their profound impact on our daily lives. Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about how we perceive the world, this presentation will provide valuable insights into the remarkable capabilities of the human sensory system.
Join us as we unlock the wonders of the special senses and gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate mechanisms that allow us to experience the richness of our environment.
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补办文凭【微信号:176555708】【(Bristol毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Pituitary gland and there hormone .pdf
- 1. PITUITARY GLAND & THEIR HORMONE Presented By- Mr.Sahil Lavhare B.sc Nursing
- 2. ● MORPHOLOGY ● NAME- Pituitary gland (hypophysis) ● SIZE- 1cm in diameter ● SHAPE -pea shaped ● PARTS-Anterior, intermediate and posterior pituitary gland ● LOCATION- base of brain, lying beneath the third ventricle in bony cavity called sella turcica
- 3. Characteristics Anterior pituitary gland Posterior pituitary gland Definition Anterior glandular lobe called adenohypophysis Posterior glandular lobe called neurohypophysis Origin Ectodermal(originated from outer layer of germ cells) Appendages of the hypothalamus Size About 75% of total gland About 25% of the gland Hormones Synthesis and secrete growth , prolactin, follicle stimulating,luteinizing,TSH, ACTH, hormone Stores and release vasopressin and oxytocin hormones
- 4. Hormones secreted by Anterior pituitary gland ● Growth Hormone - also called as somatotrophin ○ Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland (APG) ○ Function - to promote growth ○ Deficiency - Dwarfism (stunted growth) ○ Excess Secretion - May Leads to Acromegaly in adult and gigantisim in children
- 5. Prolactin hormone -also known as lactotropin ● Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland ● Function - help to produce milk ● Deficiency - lack of milk production ● Excess Secretion - Leads to Prolactinoma(Non cancerous tumor)
- 6. Luteinizing hormone ● Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland ● Function - ovulation in female (the process in which mature egg is released from ovary) Testosterone production in male ● Deficiency - Delayed puberty ● Excess Secretion - leads to infertility and miscarriage with polycystic overy syndrome in female
- 7. Follicle stimulating hormone ● Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland ● Function - follicle growth in ovaries &sperm development in testis ● Deficiency - may Leads to infertility ● Excess Secretion - premature ovarian failure
- 8. Thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) ● Secretion - Thyroid gland ● Function - increases BMR&body sensitive to catecholamines ● Deficiency - Hypothyroidism ● Excess Secretion -may Leads to hyperthyroidism
- 9. Adrenocorticotropic hormone Glucocorticoid ● Secretion - Adrenal gland (Also called as Supra renal gland) ● Function - stimulate gluconeogenesis ● Deficiency - Addison disease ● Excess Secretion -may Leads to Cushing syndrome
- 10. Hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland Vasopressin (also called as Anti diuretic hormone) ● Secretion - Posterior pituitary gland ● Function - Stimulate water retention & increases blood pressure ● Deficiency - Diabetic insipidus ● Excess Secretion - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
- 11. Oxytocin ● Secretion - posterior pituitary gland ● Function - uterine contraction & Lactation in PNC mother ● Deficiency -Milk rejection & Autism (rare cases) ● Excess Secretion -may Leads to an overactive uterus, causing an increase in uterine muscle mass (hypertrophy)
- 12. ● Key points ● Prolactin helps in milk production while oxytocin help in milk ejection ● Intermediate pituitary gland secrets Melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH) which helps to protect skin from UV rays and development in skin pigmentation ● Gonadotropin-releasing hormone causes the pituitary gland in the brain to make and secrete the hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- 13. Question based on MUHS pattern 1. Explain hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland (5M) 2. Describe pituitary gland & explain about hormones secreted by gland in details(15M) 3. Morphology of pituitary gland, difference between anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland and explain in brief about their hormones (15M)