Pipeline inspections are important to ensure quality and safety. Modern inspection technologies include Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs) that are sent through pipes using the flow of water or gas to conduct inspections and clean pipes without digging them up. PIGs use tools like cameras, lights, and nondestructive testing methods like ultrasound or magnetic flux leakage to detect pipe defects from inside without stopping pipe flow. The latest pipeline inspection methods use self-propelled equipment and advanced data processing for high-speed inspections over greater ranges than previous tethered methods.

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PIPELINE INSPECTION AND MODERN
TECHNOLOGIES
Each time a pipeline is built, examination personnel might make use of visual, X-
ray, magnetic particle, ultrasonic and other inspection procedures to evaluate the
welds and ensure that they're of high quality. These inspections are executed
when the pipeline is being created therefore gaining entry the examination area
isn't a problem. When the pipe is hidden, it is undesirable to dig it up for any
cause.
Engineers have created devices, referred to
as PIGs, which are sent through the buried
pipe to carry out inspections as well as tidy
the pipe. When you are positioned close to
any pipeline, vibrations may be felt because
these modern tool move through the pipe.
These are usually about the same size of the
pipe so they range in dimensions from small
to big. The PIGs are carried through the tube
by the flow of the water or gas and can travel and carry out inspections over very
great distances.
PIG (pipeline inspection gauge ), uses tools as camera and lights are fitted in a
swiveling head attached to a cylindrical body. The camera head can pan and tilt
remotely. In a single run, the UltraScan Duo Pipeline Inspection Device could
collect information on the kind and dimension of pipe problems as well as prioritize
those defects for checking as well as remediation activities. And mainly because
all the info will be accumulated in a single run, correlation of leak-detection and
wall measurement information is smooth. Pipeline inspections tend to be done
while the main remains in service by including a sensor into any tap 2" (50 mm) or
bigger. A small parachute makes use of the movement of water in order to draw
the particular sensor through the pipeline.
PIGs use a number of nondestructive tests procedures to do the inspections. The

2. majority of PIGs make use of a magnetic flux seapage approach but several also
use ultrasound to conduct the inspections. A strong magnetic field is established
within the pipe wall utilizing either magnets or simply by inserting electrical current
in to the metal. Ruined areas of the pipe cannot support as much magnetic flux as
undamaged areas so magnetic flux leaks out of the pipe wall in the damaged
areas. An array of sensor around the circumference of the device picks up the
magnet flux leakage and notes the area of damage. PIGs involving ultrasound,
have a range of transducers which emits a high frequency sound pulse
perpendicular to the pipe wall and gets echo signals from the interior surface and
the outside surface of the pipe.
Pipeline inspection is actually performed at high velocity where ever possible
using the most recently introduced data acquisition, recording and processing
technology, which include multi-beam echo sounders, pipe trackers and video.
Being self-propelled implies the equipment doesn't need to rely on the gas flow to
move it along, as previous pipeline inspection methods do, and getting semi-
autonomous usually means its range is significantly higher than the normal
tethered inspection system.