A Pew Research Center survey found that:
- 35% of Americans ages 16 and older own tablet computers, up from 25% last year. More than half of those in households earning $75,000 or more own tablets.
- 24% own e-book readers, up from 19% last year. 38% of those in upper-income households now have e-readers.
- Tablet and e-reader ownership is highest among those with higher incomes and education levels. Women are also more likely than men to own e-readers.
How do Total Market consumers feel? We conducted a nationwide study to discover their feelings about the economy, their financial situations, and a few of their spending plans. Take a look at what we learned.
El documento resume los resultados de varios partidos de fútbol y encuentros de rugby en España. También cubre la carrera por el campeonato mundial de rally, donde Carlos Sáinz necesita ganar la última carrera o terminar al menos dos puestos por delante de Tommi Makinen para ganar el título.
This document provides SEO friendly markup tips for developers working with Exponent CMS websites. It highlights two common issues: applying the H1 tag to logos and module titles by default, which can result in multiple H1 tags on a single page. For proper SEO, each page should only have one H1 tag describing the main topic. The document gives an example of a site that was optimized by removing unnecessary H1 tags, which helped the pages rank higher in organic search results.
Мониторинг состояния печатного и цифрового книгоиздания в МосквеPDA Ekniga
Настоящий Мониторинг [Мониторинг состояния печатного и цифрового книгоиздания в Москве] выполнялся по заказу Департамента средств массовой информации и рекламы города Москвы (государственный контракт № 93-ГК\13 от 12 августа 2013г.) и ставил своей задачей подробный анализ уровня соответствия текущего книжного предложения структуре спроса и базовым потребностям читающих групп москвичей в целях роста конкурентоспособности книги в культурном и информационном пространстве Москвы, сохранения и поддержания книжных традиций мегаполиса.
How do Total Market consumers feel? We conducted a nationwide study to discover their feelings about the economy, their financial situations, and a few of their spending plans. Take a look at what we learned.
El documento resume los resultados de varios partidos de fútbol y encuentros de rugby en España. También cubre la carrera por el campeonato mundial de rally, donde Carlos Sáinz necesita ganar la última carrera o terminar al menos dos puestos por delante de Tommi Makinen para ganar el título.
This document provides SEO friendly markup tips for developers working with Exponent CMS websites. It highlights two common issues: applying the H1 tag to logos and module titles by default, which can result in multiple H1 tags on a single page. For proper SEO, each page should only have one H1 tag describing the main topic. The document gives an example of a site that was optimized by removing unnecessary H1 tags, which helped the pages rank higher in organic search results.
Мониторинг состояния печатного и цифрового книгоиздания в МосквеPDA Ekniga
Настоящий Мониторинг [Мониторинг состояния печатного и цифрового книгоиздания в Москве] выполнялся по заказу Департамента средств массовой информации и рекламы города Москвы (государственный контракт № 93-ГК\13 от 12 августа 2013г.) и ставил своей задачей подробный анализ уровня соответствия текущего книжного предложения структуре спроса и базовым потребностям читающих групп москвичей в целях роста конкурентоспособности книги в культурном и информационном пространстве Москвы, сохранения и поддержания книжных традиций мегаполиса.
There are three classes of bottled water defined by European regulations: natural mineral water, spring water, and other waters. The regulations lay out requirements for marketing, definitions, treatment, microbiological and chemical standards, and packaging. Natural mineral water is groundwater from an underground source that emerges from a spring, and can only have carbon dioxide added or removed. Periodic water analysis is needed to test for pollutants, dissolved minerals, and microbes that may affect human health. Water quality tests cover chemical, microbiological, and physical parameters like turbidity, pH, hardness, and more.
El documento resume las actividades del Centro de Recursos de Información (IRC) de la Embajada de Estados Unidos en El Salvador en agosto de 2013, incluyendo eventos para conmemorar la exploración espacial, una charla sobre lectores digitales, y próximos talleres sobre tabletas y el uso de redes sociales.
This document provides guidance on developing a copyright policy for libraries. It discusses why libraries need a copyright policy, key elements to include, and tips for drafting and promoting the policy. A copyright policy aims to ensure compliance with copyright law, provide guidance to staff and users, and educate about permitted uses of copyrighted materials. The document offers examples of existing library policies and frequently asked copyright questions.
Проект Федерального закона
Дата: 25.01.2013
http://mkrf.ru/dokumenty/3974/detail.php?ID=272242
О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в целях прекращения нарушений интеллектуальных прав в информационно-телекоммуникационных сетях, в том числе в сети "Интернет"
«Web-2.0 (Библиотека 2.0) как одно из направлений информационной деятельности и PR библиотеки»
23 апреля 2013 «Библиотекарь и читатель: новая парадигма диалога»: обучающий семинар для юношеских структурных подразделений Волгоградской области
O documento discute a existência de um único Deus, fé e caminho para Deus, de acordo com a Bíblia. Afirma que (1) existe um único Deus criador de todas as coisas, (2) existe uma única fé verdadeira em Jesus Cristo, e (3) Jesus é o único caminho para se chegar a Deus.
El Grupo Municipal Andalucista propone la creación de parques caninos en Andújar para permitir que los perros puedan correr y jugar en un área designada, lo que aliviaría las quejas de los vecinos sobre los excrementos caninos y permitiría a los dueños de mascotas cumplir con las normativas municipales. La propuesta insta al Ayuntamiento a estudiar los espacios públicos disponibles y crear parques caninos según el censo de mascotas, con las características técnicas adecuadas.
El Grupo Municipal Andalucista propone al Ayuntamiento de Andújar crear un nuevo Plan de Empleo Municipal utilizando los beneficios económicos que podrían obtenerse de las posibles modificaciones de las condiciones financieras del pago a proveedores. Estas modificaciones podrían ampliar el periodo de amortización de la deuda, ganar años de periodo de carencia y reducir el tipo de interés, lo que rebajaría la carga económica municipal y esos fondos deberían destinarse a programas de empleo, formación
Este documento resume los cuatro principales tipos de clima en España: el clima atlántico se caracteriza por temperaturas suaves y abundantes precipitaciones; el clima mediterráneo tiene inviernos templados y lluviosos y veranos secos y calurosos; el clima subtropical es propio de las zonas próximas a los trópicos con temperaturas medias anuales no menores a 18°C; y el clima de montaña se presenta a más de 1200 metros de altitud con inviernos fríos y veranos frescos
Este documento propone una Ley de Renta Social Básica para Andalucía con el objetivo de erradicar la pobreza severa y la exclusión social. La ley establecería la Renta Social Básica como un derecho subjetivo para todas las personas residentes en Andalucía que no tengan recursos económicos mínimos vitales y cumplan ciertos requisitos. La renta tendría una cuantía suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades vitales mínimas y estaría disponible de forma individual y sin distinción de ciudadanía. Además, la le
Este documento presenta una introducción a las Webquest, incluyendo su definición, características, tipos (corto plazo, largo plazo, miniquest), estructura y pasos para crear una. Las Webquest son herramientas de aprendizaje guiado que utilizan recursos de Internet y se enfocan en actividades de grupo. Pueden diseñarse para una o varias materias y fomentan habilidades como comparar y diferenciar.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para crear tarjetas de presentación personalizadas con macros en Microsoft Excel. Explica cómo insertar y validar datos, aplicar formato de celda como color de relleno y bordes, grabar un macro para aplicar formato con un botón de control, y copiar la plantilla a otras hojas. El objetivo es generar tarjetas de presentación personalizadas fácilmente mediante la aplicación de macros en Excel.
This document contains calculations to determine the maximum normal stress in a beam. It first calculates the static stress as 33.33 N/mm^2. It then performs multiple calculations to determine the dynamic stress under loading as 370.04 N/mm^2. By adding the static and dynamic stresses, the total maximum normal stress is calculated to be 417.035 N/mm^2.
By Aaron Smith, Senior Researcher, Pew Research Center, JUNE 5, 2013, www.pewresearch.org
Key figure:
"56% of American adults now own a smartphone of some kind; Android and iPhone owners account for half of the cell phone user population. Higher income adults and those under age 35 lead the way when it comes to smartphone ownership."
This document discusses how healthcare organizations can use new media technologies to improve adolescent health. It defines new media technologies as internet, websites, multimedia, video games and more. It describes how teens are increasingly using these technologies, especially mobile devices. Over 75% of teens have cell phones, and social media use is very common. The document then reviews how these technologies can be used to improve outcomes like immunization rates among youth, and encourages considering how to incorporate new media into healthcare work with adolescents.
Mary Madden presented at a meeting convened at the University of Michigan to discuss the current state/future direction of research looking at older adults and tech use.
The document summarizes a Pew Research Center report on non-internet users in the United States. It finds that as of 2013, 15% of American adults do not use the internet, with 34% citing lack of relevance and 32% citing difficulty of use as the top reasons for not going online. While most non-users do not want to start, over 60% say they would need assistance to do so. The group most likely to be offline is adults over age 65, with 44% overall and 62% of those born in 1936 or earlier not using the internet.
The Importance and Application of Social Media in Collegiate AthleticsMarina Carrier
This document summarizes a paper on the importance and application of social media in collegiate athletics. It discusses how social media has changed how media is consumed and how marketing must now focus on mobility, interactivity, and engagement through social platforms. It also presents a proposed social media rewards program for the University of Memphis athletic department called "True Blue Socialites" that would give points to students, alumni and fans for social media engagement and allow them to redeem points for prizes to increase game attendance and following of teams.
There are three classes of bottled water defined by European regulations: natural mineral water, spring water, and other waters. The regulations lay out requirements for marketing, definitions, treatment, microbiological and chemical standards, and packaging. Natural mineral water is groundwater from an underground source that emerges from a spring, and can only have carbon dioxide added or removed. Periodic water analysis is needed to test for pollutants, dissolved minerals, and microbes that may affect human health. Water quality tests cover chemical, microbiological, and physical parameters like turbidity, pH, hardness, and more.
El documento resume las actividades del Centro de Recursos de Información (IRC) de la Embajada de Estados Unidos en El Salvador en agosto de 2013, incluyendo eventos para conmemorar la exploración espacial, una charla sobre lectores digitales, y próximos talleres sobre tabletas y el uso de redes sociales.
This document provides guidance on developing a copyright policy for libraries. It discusses why libraries need a copyright policy, key elements to include, and tips for drafting and promoting the policy. A copyright policy aims to ensure compliance with copyright law, provide guidance to staff and users, and educate about permitted uses of copyrighted materials. The document offers examples of existing library policies and frequently asked copyright questions.
Проект Федерального закона
Дата: 25.01.2013
http://mkrf.ru/dokumenty/3974/detail.php?ID=272242
О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в целях прекращения нарушений интеллектуальных прав в информационно-телекоммуникационных сетях, в том числе в сети "Интернет"
«Web-2.0 (Библиотека 2.0) как одно из направлений информационной деятельности и PR библиотеки»
23 апреля 2013 «Библиотекарь и читатель: новая парадигма диалога»: обучающий семинар для юношеских структурных подразделений Волгоградской области
O documento discute a existência de um único Deus, fé e caminho para Deus, de acordo com a Bíblia. Afirma que (1) existe um único Deus criador de todas as coisas, (2) existe uma única fé verdadeira em Jesus Cristo, e (3) Jesus é o único caminho para se chegar a Deus.
El Grupo Municipal Andalucista propone la creación de parques caninos en Andújar para permitir que los perros puedan correr y jugar en un área designada, lo que aliviaría las quejas de los vecinos sobre los excrementos caninos y permitiría a los dueños de mascotas cumplir con las normativas municipales. La propuesta insta al Ayuntamiento a estudiar los espacios públicos disponibles y crear parques caninos según el censo de mascotas, con las características técnicas adecuadas.
El Grupo Municipal Andalucista propone al Ayuntamiento de Andújar crear un nuevo Plan de Empleo Municipal utilizando los beneficios económicos que podrían obtenerse de las posibles modificaciones de las condiciones financieras del pago a proveedores. Estas modificaciones podrían ampliar el periodo de amortización de la deuda, ganar años de periodo de carencia y reducir el tipo de interés, lo que rebajaría la carga económica municipal y esos fondos deberían destinarse a programas de empleo, formación
Este documento resume los cuatro principales tipos de clima en España: el clima atlántico se caracteriza por temperaturas suaves y abundantes precipitaciones; el clima mediterráneo tiene inviernos templados y lluviosos y veranos secos y calurosos; el clima subtropical es propio de las zonas próximas a los trópicos con temperaturas medias anuales no menores a 18°C; y el clima de montaña se presenta a más de 1200 metros de altitud con inviernos fríos y veranos frescos
Este documento propone una Ley de Renta Social Básica para Andalucía con el objetivo de erradicar la pobreza severa y la exclusión social. La ley establecería la Renta Social Básica como un derecho subjetivo para todas las personas residentes en Andalucía que no tengan recursos económicos mínimos vitales y cumplan ciertos requisitos. La renta tendría una cuantía suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades vitales mínimas y estaría disponible de forma individual y sin distinción de ciudadanía. Además, la le
Este documento presenta una introducción a las Webquest, incluyendo su definición, características, tipos (corto plazo, largo plazo, miniquest), estructura y pasos para crear una. Las Webquest son herramientas de aprendizaje guiado que utilizan recursos de Internet y se enfocan en actividades de grupo. Pueden diseñarse para una o varias materias y fomentan habilidades como comparar y diferenciar.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para crear tarjetas de presentación personalizadas con macros en Microsoft Excel. Explica cómo insertar y validar datos, aplicar formato de celda como color de relleno y bordes, grabar un macro para aplicar formato con un botón de control, y copiar la plantilla a otras hojas. El objetivo es generar tarjetas de presentación personalizadas fácilmente mediante la aplicación de macros en Excel.
This document contains calculations to determine the maximum normal stress in a beam. It first calculates the static stress as 33.33 N/mm^2. It then performs multiple calculations to determine the dynamic stress under loading as 370.04 N/mm^2. By adding the static and dynamic stresses, the total maximum normal stress is calculated to be 417.035 N/mm^2.
By Aaron Smith, Senior Researcher, Pew Research Center, JUNE 5, 2013, www.pewresearch.org
Key figure:
"56% of American adults now own a smartphone of some kind; Android and iPhone owners account for half of the cell phone user population. Higher income adults and those under age 35 lead the way when it comes to smartphone ownership."
This document discusses how healthcare organizations can use new media technologies to improve adolescent health. It defines new media technologies as internet, websites, multimedia, video games and more. It describes how teens are increasingly using these technologies, especially mobile devices. Over 75% of teens have cell phones, and social media use is very common. The document then reviews how these technologies can be used to improve outcomes like immunization rates among youth, and encourages considering how to incorporate new media into healthcare work with adolescents.
Mary Madden presented at a meeting convened at the University of Michigan to discuss the current state/future direction of research looking at older adults and tech use.
The document summarizes a Pew Research Center report on non-internet users in the United States. It finds that as of 2013, 15% of American adults do not use the internet, with 34% citing lack of relevance and 32% citing difficulty of use as the top reasons for not going online. While most non-users do not want to start, over 60% say they would need assistance to do so. The group most likely to be offline is adults over age 65, with 44% overall and 62% of those born in 1936 or earlier not using the internet.
The Importance and Application of Social Media in Collegiate AthleticsMarina Carrier
This document summarizes a paper on the importance and application of social media in collegiate athletics. It discusses how social media has changed how media is consumed and how marketing must now focus on mobility, interactivity, and engagement through social platforms. It also presents a proposed social media rewards program for the University of Memphis athletic department called "True Blue Socialites" that would give points to students, alumni and fans for social media engagement and allow them to redeem points for prizes to increase game attendance and following of teams.
The document summarizes findings from a Pew Research Center survey on social media usage in 2013. Some key findings include:
- Facebook remains the most popular social media platform, used by 71% of online adults. However, usage of other platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and LinkedIn is growing.
- 42% of online adults now use multiple social media sites, with Facebook being the primary platform for most.
- Facebook and Instagram have high levels of user engagement, with over half of users on each site visiting daily.
The document summarizes findings from a Pew Research Center survey on social media usage in 2013. Some key findings include:
- Facebook remains the most popular social media platform, used by 71% of online adults. However, usage of other platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and LinkedIn is growing.
- 42% of online adults now use multiple social media sites, with Facebook being the primary platform for most.
- Facebook and Instagram have high levels of user engagement, with over half of users on each site visiting daily.
According to a Pew Research Center survey, photo and video sharing online has increased significantly in recent years. The survey found that 54% of internet users now post original photos or videos they have created, up from 46% last year. Additionally, 47% of internet users share photos or videos found elsewhere online, also an increase from the previous year. Younger adults and women are more likely than others to both post original content and share found media online. The rise of smartphones and apps like Instagram and Snapchat have contributed to increased photo and video sharing, with 18% of cellphone users reporting they use Instagram and 9% using Snapchat.
Client Use of Technology, Kathleen Brockel and Rachel Medina (NTAP) and Kate Bladow (Pro Bono Net)
Presented at the 2009 Legal Services Corporation's Technology Initiative Grants (TIG) conference.
The document summarizes a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in late 2012 on social media usage:
1) Young adults aged 18-29 are more likely than other age groups to use most major social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram.
2) Other groups show high interest in different sites - for example, African Americans and Latinos have greater usage of Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest compared to whites.
3) Women are more engaged with social media overall, and have much higher rates of use for Pinterest compared to men.
Fundraising Today and Tomorrow and the Next Generation of Canadian Givinghjc
Canadian Fundraising Today and Tomorrow
Michael Johnston, Founder and President, hjc, gives a profile of four generations of Canadian donors: how do they give, where do they give, and how can you build the most effective relationship with them.
Toronto Seminar, October 22 2013
Looking at the Indianapolis Star: Market Research PresentationLilyKatzman
The document discusses research conducted on millennial readers' consumption of the Indianapolis Star newspaper. A survey of 92 respondents found that they prefer hard news over other content and are more willing to pay for business and opinion pieces. Community engagement did not correlate with local news reading. Respondents viewed the Star as less political and sophisticated than themselves. The researchers recommend making the Star's website more modern and political to appeal to millennial values.
The document discusses trends in technology usage and media consumption among youth and young adults in North America based on research from Youthography, a marketing agency. Some key findings include:
- Canadians aged 14-34 spend more time online than watching TV, with social networking and listening to music being top online activities.
- Mobile phone ownership is high, though traditional phones are still more common than smartphones. Texting is the most used mobile feature.
- Video games and online/streaming content are very popular forms of entertainment. Younger demographics are early adopters of new technologies.
These four markets - Atlanta, Austin, San Francisco, and Washington DC - are consistently in the top ten markets for online media activities measured since 2002. However, the reasons behind their high rankings vary - the markets have different demographic profiles and their residents exhibit different motivations and behaviors online. While they share some qualities, each local market has its own complex influences that shape how its population engages with digital media.
This document summarizes the results of a survey on internet usage among Brazilians ages 12 to 15, who were born in the "Internet Age". Some key findings include:
- 91% of Brazilians ages 12-15 have internet access, the highest rate of any age group in Brazil.
- Playing electronic games and social media usage on platforms like Orkut are very common among this age group.
- 65% of 12-15 year olds typically access the internet at internet cafes, more so than any other age group.
- Over half of internet users in this age group post their own content online, most commonly photos on social networks like Orkut.
ThinkNow Research - Mobile Trends Study 2014ThinkNow
The question isn’t whether or not Hispanic consumers adapt to mobile technology faster than their non-Hispanic counterparts. We know they do. The same goes for the frequency of mobile phone use. The questions are… To what degree? and For what purposes? Find out in this insightful new study by ThinkNow Research
Winnipeg Economic Perspectives - September 2019Tyler Walsh
The survey found that:
- Nearly seven-in-ten Winnipeg adults are optimistic about the city's economic future, with optimism highest among those with children, post-secondary graduates, homeowners, and higher-income earners.
- Half of residents report no change in household finances over the past year, while about a quarter say they are better off and another quarter feel worse off.
- Most anticipate their financial situation will remain the same in the coming year, though nearly three-in-ten expect gains, particularly younger, higher-income, and families with children.
- An overwhelming majority of employed residents are satisfied with their jobs.
- One-in-four feel concerned about potentially losing their job or
Similar to Pip tablets and e readers update-101813 (20)
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdf
Pip tablets and e readers update-101813
1. www.pewresearch.org
OCTOBER 18, 2013
35% of those ages 16 and older own
tablet computers
Up from 25% last year—more than half of those in households earning $75,000 or
more now have tablets
24% own e-book readers
Up from 19% last year—38% of those in upper-income households now have e-readers
Lee Rainie
Director, Pew Internet Project
Aaron Smith
Senior Researcher, Pew Internet Project
http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Tablets-and-ereaders.aspx
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project
1615 L St., N.W., Suite 700
Washington, D.C. 20036
Media Inquiries:
202.419.4500
2. Findings
The number of Americans ages 16 and older who own tablet computers has grown to 35%, and the
share who have e-reading devices like Kindles and Nooks has grown to 24%. Overall, the number of
people who have a tablet or an e-book reader among those 16 and older now stands at 43%.
Tablet and e-reader ownership
% of Americans ages 16+ who own e-book readers, tablet computers, and at least one of those devices
May-10
May-11
Dec-11
Nov-12
Sep-13
50%
43%
40%
35%
30%
25%
24%
19%
20%
12%
10%
33%
17% 18%
10%
4%
8%
10%
6%
3%
0%
E-book reader
Tablet
Has either tablet or ebook reader
Source: Most recent findings come from Pew Research Center Internet Project Library User survey. July 18September 20, 2013. N= 6,224 Americans ages 16 and older. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish
and on landline and cell phones. Margin of error is +/- 1.4 percentage points for the total sample.
Note: The 2010 and 2011 surveys were conducted among those ages 18 and older.
These latest figures come from a survey by the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project which was
conducted from July 18 to September 20, 1013 among 6,224 Americans ages 16 and older. The margin
of error is plus or minus 1.4 percentage points.
Who owns tablet computers and e-book readers
The tables below provide a demographic breakdown of who owns tablet computers, including adoption
among English-speaking Asian-Americans because the large survey sample produced enough cases to do
a separate statistical analysis. Those who own the devices are especially likely to live in upper-income
households and have relatively high levels of education. In addition, women are more likely than men to
own e-readers. This has also been true in our earlier surveys, including one in May that produced similar
results.
The survey also covered cell phones and smartphones.
pewinternet.org
2
3. Who owns tablet computers
Among all American ages 16 and older, the % in each group who own
tablets
All Americans ages 16+ who own a tablet (n=6,224)
35%
a
Men (n=2,840)
34
b
Women (n=3,384)
36
Race/ethnicity
b
a
White, Non-Hispanic (n=4,323)
35
b
Black, Non-Hispanic (n=697)
29
c
Hispanic (English- and Spanish-speaking) (n=739)
37
d
Asian-American (English-speaking) (n=164)
50
a
16-17 (n=214)
46
b
18-29 (n=945)
37
c
30-49 (n=1,590)
44
d
50-64 (n=1,842)
31
e
65+ (n=1,526)
18
b
abc
Age
bde
de
bde
e
Education attainment
a
No high school diploma (n=633)
21
b
High school grad (n=1,695)
28
c
Some College (n=1,631)
36
d
College + (n=2,227)
49
a
ab
abc
Household income
a
Less than $30,000/yr (n=1,734)
22
b
$30,000-$49,999 (n=1,059)
29
c
$50,000-$74,999 (n=811)
41
d
$75,000-$99,999 (n=662)
50
e
$100,000-$149,999 (n=629)
57
f
$150,000+ (n=402)
65
a
ab
abc
abcd
abcde
Urbanity
c
a
Urban (n=1,922)
36
b
Suburban (n=3,083)
37
c
Rural (n=1,219)
27
c
Source: Pew Research Center Internet Project Library User survey. July 18September 20, 2013. N= 6,224 Americans ages 16 and older. Interviews were
conducted in English and Spanish and on landline and cell phones. Margin of error
is +/- 1.4 percentage points for the total sample.
a
Note: Percentages marked with a superscript letter (e.g., ) indicate a statistically
significant difference between that row and the row designated by that
superscript letter, among categories of each demographic characteristic (e.g. age).
pewinternet.org
3
4. Who owns e-book readers
Among all American ages 16 and older, the % in each group who own ebook readers
All Americans ages 16+ who own an e-book reader
(n=6,224)
a
Men (n=2,840)
b
Women (n=3,384)
24%
22
a
27
Race/ethnicity
bc
a
White, Non-Hispanic (n=4,323)
b
Black, Non-Hispanic (n=697)
21
c
Hispanic (English- and Spanish-speaking) (n=739)
21
d
Asian-American (English-speaking) (n=164)
22
a
16-17 (n=214)
24
b
18-29 (n=945)
24
c
30-49 (n=1,590)
d
50-64 (n=1,842)
22
e
65+ (n=1,526)
18
26
Age
e
bde
30
e
Education attainment
a
No high school diploma (n=633)
14
b
High school grad (n=1,695)
17
c
Some College (n=1,631)
28
d
College + (n=2,227)
35
ab
abc
Household income
a
Less than $30,000/yr (n=1,734)
15
b
$30,000-$49,999 (n=1,059)
23
c
$50,000-$74,999 (n=811)
27
d
$75,000-$99,999 (n=662)
37
e
$100,000-$149,999 (n=629)
38
f
$150,000+ (n=402)
38
a
a
abc
abc
abc
Urbanity
c
a
Urban (n=1,922)
24
b
Suburban (n=3,083)
26
c
Rural (n=1,219)
21
c
Source: Pew Research Center Internet Project Library User survey. July 18September 20, 2013. N= 6,224 Americans ages 16 and older. Interviews were
conducted in English and Spanish and on landline and cell phones. Margin of error
is +/- 1.4 percentage points for the total sample.
a
Note: Percentages marked with a superscript letter (e.g., ) indicate a statistically
significant difference between that row and the row designated by that
superscript letter, among categories of each demographic characteristic (e.g. age).
pewinternet.org
4
5. Who owns cell phones and smartphones
Among all Americans ages 16 and older, the % in each group who own phones
All Americans ages 16+ (n=6,224)
Cell phone
91%
b
Smartphone
55%
b
a
Men (n=2,840)
92
57
b
Women (n=3,384)
90
54
Race/ethnicity
a
White, Non-Hispanic (n=4,323)
90
53
b
Black, Non-Hispanic (n=697)
91
56
c
Hispanic (English- and Spanish-speaking) (n=739)
90
57
d
Asian-American (English-speaking) (n=164)
abc
97
abc
81
Age
e
de
a
16-17 (n=214)
b
18-29 (n=945)
97
c
30-49 (n=1,590)
95
d
50-64 (n=1,842)
89
45
e
65+ (n=1,526)
77
18
82
37
91
acde
ade
e
68
acde
79
de
67
e
Education attainment
a
No high school diploma (n=633)
a
b
High school grad (n=1,695)
88
c
Some College (n=1,631)
92
d
College + (n=2,227)
96
ab
abc
a
45
ab
62
abc
69
Household income
a
Less than $30,000/yr (n=1,734)
85
a
b
$30,000-$49,999 (n=1,059)
93
c
$50,000-$74,999 (n=811)
95
d
$75,000-$99,999 (n=662)
97
e
$100,000-$149,999 (n=629)
96
f
$150,000+ (n=402)
ab
abc
ab
abcde
99
41
a
54
ab
63
abc
70
abcd
77
abcde
84
Urbanity
c
bc
a
Urban (n=1,922)
92
b
Suburban (n=3,083)
92
57
c
Rural (n=1,219)
86
42
c
60
c
Source: Pew Research Center Internet Project Library User survey. July 18-September 20, 2013. N=
6,224 Americans ages 16 and older. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish and on landline
and cell phones. Margin of error is +/- 1.4 percentage points for the total sample.
a
Note: Percentages marked with a superscript letter (e.g., ) indicate a statistically significant difference
between that row and the row designated by that superscript letter, among categories of each
demographic characteristic (e.g. age).
pewinternet.org
5
6. About us
The Pew Research Center’s Internet Project is an initiative of the Pew Research Center, a nonprofit
“fact tank” that provides information on the issues, attitudes, and trends shaping America and the
world. The Pew Internet Project explores the impact of the internet on children, families, communities,
the work place, schools, health care and civic/political life. The Project is nonpartisan and takes no
position on policy issues. The majority of support for the Project is provided by The Pew Charitable
Trusts. More information is available at pewinternet.org.
Survey questions
Pew Internet Library Users Survey
Final Topline
10/2/2013
Data for July 18 – September 30, 2013
Princeton Survey Research Associates International for
the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project
Sample: n=6,224 people age 16 or older nationwide, including 3,102 cell phone interviews
Interviewing dates: 07.18.2013 – 09.30.2013
Margin of error is plus or minus 1.4 percentage points for results based on Total [n=6,224]
Margin of error is plus or minus 1.5 percentage points for results based on internet users [n=5,320]
Margin of error is plus or minus 1.4 percentage points for results based on cell phone owners [n=5,763]
QL1
Next... Do you have a cell phone, or not?1
yes
no
Current
91
9
August 2013
89
11
May 2013
91
9
December 2012 87
13
November 2012 85
15
Sept 2012
85
15
August 2012
89
10
April 2012
88
12
February 2012
88
12
December 2011 87
13
Don’t know
Refused
0
0
0
*
0
*
0
*
0
0
0
0
*
0
*
0
*
*
*
*
1
Question was asked of landline sample only. Results shown here have been recalculated to include cell phone
sample in the "Yes" percentage. Beginning September 2007, question/item was not asked of the cell phone
sample, but trend results shown here reflect Total combined Landline and cell phone sample. In past polls,
question was sometimes asked as an independent question and sometimes as an item in a series. Wording may
vary from survey to survey. Wording variations include: “Do you have a cell phone or a Blackberry or iPhone or
other device that is also a cell phone?”; “Do you have...a cell phone or a Blackberry or iPhone or other handheld
device that is also a cell phone?”; Do you have a cell phone, or a Blackberry or other device that is also a cell
phone?"; "Do you happen to have a cell phone?"; " “Do you have a cell phone?”
pewinternet.org
6
7. August 2011
May 2011
January 2011
December 2010
November 2010
September 2010
May 2010
January 2010
December 2009
September 2009
April 2009
Dec 2008
July 2008
May 2008
April 2008
January 2008
Dec 2007
Sept 2007
April 2006
January 2005
Nov. 23-30, 2004
SMART1
84
83
84
81
82
85
82
80
83
84
85
84
82
78
78
77
75
78
73
66
65
15
17
16
19
18
15
18
20
17
15
15
16
18
22
22
22
25
22
27
34
35
*
*
*
*
0
*
*
0
0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
*
*
-0
--------
Some cell phones are called “smartphones” because of certain features they have. Is
your cell phone a smartphone such as an iPhone, Android, Blackberry or Windows
phone, or are you not sure?2
Based on cell phone owners
YES,
SMARTPHONE
Current [N=5,763]
August 2013 [N=1,636]
May 2013 [N=2,076]
December 2012 [N=1,954]
November 2012 [N=1,992]
September 2012 [N=2,581]
April 2012 [N=1,954]
February 2012 [N=1,961]
May 2011 [N=1,914]
NO, NOT A
SMARTPHONE
NOT SURE/
DON’T KNOW
REFUSED
61
60
55
52
55
53
46
45
33
32
33
39
41
38
40
44
46
53
7
6
5
6
6
6
10
8
14
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2
Wording may vary from survey to survey. Wording variations include: “Some cell phones are called
“smartphones” because of certain features they have. Is your cell phone a smartphone, such as an iPhone,
Android, Blackberry or Windows phone, or are you not sure?”; "Some cell phones are called “smartphones”
because of certain features they have. Is your cell phone a smartphone or not, or are you not sure?"
pewinternet.org
7
8. Q16
Please tell me if you happen to have each of the following items, or not. Do you have...
[INSERT ITEMS IN ORDER]?
yes
no
Don’t know Refused
24
19
18
14
10
9
12
6
5
4
3
2
75
80
81
86
89
90
88
94
95
96
97
98
1
*
1
*
1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
*
*
35
34
25
25
18
14
10
10
8
7
5
4
3
65
66
75
75
81
85
89
90
92
92
95
96
97
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
0
A handheld device made primarily for e-book
reading, such as a Nook or Kindle e-reader3
Current
November 2012
April 2012
February 2012
December 2011
August 2011
May 2011
November 2010
September 2010
May 2010
September 2009
April 2009
A tablet computer like an iPad, Samsung Galaxy
Tab, Google Nexus, or Kindle Fire4
Current
May 2013
November 2012
August 2012
April 2012
February 2012
December 2011
August 2011
May 2011
January 2011
November 2010
September 2010
May 2010
3
In 2011, item wording was “An electronic Book device or e-Book reader, such as a Kindle or Nook.” Through
November 2010, item wording was “An electronic book device or e-Book reader, such as a Kindle or Sony Digital
Book”.
4
December 2011 through November 2012, item wording was “A tablet computer like an iPad, Samsung Galaxy,
Motorola Xoom, or Kindle Fire.” In May 2011 and August 2011, item wording was “A tablet computer like an iPad,
Samsung Galaxy or Motorola Xoom.” January 2011 and earlier, item wording was “A tablet computer like an iPad”
pewinternet.org
8
9. Methods
Prepared by Princeton Survey Research Associates International
for the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project October 2013
SUMMARY
The Library User Survey obtained telephone interviews with a nationally representative sample of 6,224
people ages 16 and older living in the United States. Interviews were conducted via landline (nLL=3,122)
and cell phone (nC=3,102, including 1,588 without a landline phone). The survey was conducted by
Princeton Survey Research Associates International. The interviews were administered in English and
Spanish by Princeton Data Source from July 18 to September 30, 20135. Statistical results are weighted
to correct known demographic discrepancies. The margin of sampling error for results based on the
complete set of weighted data is ±1.4 percentage points. Results based on the 5,320 internet users6
have a margin of sampling error of ±1.5 percentage points.
Details on the design, execution and analysis of the survey are discussed below.
Design AND Data Collection Procedures
Sample Design
A combination of landline and cellular random digit dial (RDD) samples was used to represent all adults
in the United States who have access to either a landline or cellular telephone. Both samples were
provided by Survey Sampling International, LLC (SSI) according to PSRAI specifications.
Numbers for the landline sample were drawn with probabilities in proportion to their share of listed
telephone households from active blocks (area code + exchange + two-digit block number) that
contained three or more residential directory listings. The cellular sample was not list-assisted, but was
drawn through a systematic sampling from dedicated wireless 100-blocks and shared service 100-blocks
with no directory-listed landline numbers.
Contact Procedures
Interviews were conducted from July 18 to September 30, 2013. As many as 10 attempts were made to
contact every sampled telephone number. Sample was released for interviewing in replicates, which are
representative subsamples of the larger sample. Using replicates to control the release of sample
ensures that complete call procedures are followed for the entire sample. Calls were staggered over
times of day and days of the week to maximize the chance of making contact with potential
respondents. Interviewing was spread as evenly as possible across the days in field. Each telephone
number was called at least one time during the day in an attempt to complete an interview.
5
Twenty-one pretest interviews conducted on July 18 and 19 were included in the final data file since no changes
were made to the questionnaire. Full data collection started on July 22.
6
Internet user is defined as those accessing the internet occasionally, sending or receiving email, and/or accessing
the internet on a cell phone, tablet, or other mobile handheld device.
pewinternet.org
9
10. For the landline sample, interviewers asked to speak with the youngest male or female ages 16 or older
currently at home based on a random rotation. If no male/female was available, interviewers asked to
speak with the youngest person age 16 or older of the other gender. This systematic respondent
selection technique has been shown to produce samples that closely mirror the population in terms of
age and gender when combined with cell interviewing.
For the cellular sample, interviews were conducted with the person who answered the phone.
Interviewers verified that the person was age 16 or older and in a safe place before administering the
survey. Cellular respondents were offered a post-paid cash reimbursement for their participation.
Weighting and analysis
Weighting is generally used in survey analysis to compensate for sample designs and patterns of nonresponse that might bias results. The sample was weighted to match national adult general population
parameters. A two-stage weighting procedure was used to weight this dual-frame sample.
The first stage of weighting corrected for different probabilities of selection associated with the number
of adults in each household and each respondent’s telephone usage patterns.7 This weighting also
adjusts for the overlapping landline and cell sample frames and the relative sizes of each frame and each
sample.
The first-stage weight for the ith case can be expressed as:
Where SLL = the size of the landline sample
FLL = the size of the landline sample frame
SCP = the size of the cell sample
FCP = the size of the cell sample frame
ADi = Number of adults in household i
LLi=1 if respondent has a landline phone, otherwise LL=0.
CPi=1 if respondent has a cell phone, otherwise CP=0.
The second stage of weighting balances sample demographics to population parameters. The sample is
balanced to match national population parameters for sex, age, education, race, Hispanic origin, region
(U.S. Census definitions), population density, and telephone usage. The Hispanic origin was split out
based on nativity; U.S born and non-U.S. born. The White, non-Hispanic subgroup was also balanced on
age, education and region.
7
i.e., whether respondents have only a landline telephone, only a cell phone, or both kinds of telephone.
pewinternet.org
10
11. The basic weighting parameters came from the US Census Bureau’s 2011 American Community Survey
data.8 The population density parameter was derived from Census 2010 data. The telephone usage
parameter came from an analysis of the July-December 2012 National Health Interview Survey.9 10
Weighting was accomplished using Sample Balancing, a special iterative sample weighting program that
simultaneously balances the distributions of all variables using a statistical technique called the Deming
Algorithm. Weights were trimmed to prevent individual interviews from having too much influence on
the final results. The use of these weights in statistical analysis ensures that the demographic
characteristics of the sample closely approximate the demographic characteristics of the national
population. Table 1 compares weighted and unweighted sample distributions to population parameters.
Table 1: Sample Demographics
Parameter
Unweighted
Weighted
Gender
Male
Female
48.2
51.8
45.6
54.4
48.1
51.9
Age
16-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
15.2
17.0
16.9
18.4
15.8
16.7
13.5
11.7
12.8
16.7
19.6
25.7
15.7
16.7
16.5
18.2
15.8
17.1
Education
HS Graduate or Less
Some College/Assoc. Degree
College Graduate
44.5
29.8
25.7
37.7
26.2
36.1
43.9
29.5
26.6
Race/Ethnicity
White/not Hispanic
Black/not Hispanic
Hisp - US born
Hisp - born outside
Other/not Hispanic
66.3
11.5
7.5
7.4
7.3
71.1
11.2
6.5
5.4
5.8
66.6
11.6
7.5
7.2
7.2
Region
Northeast
18.1
16.5
17.7
8
ACS analysis was based on all people ages 16 and older excluding those living in institutional group quarters
(GCs).
9
Blumberg SJ, Luke JV. Wireless substitution: Early release of estimates from the National Health Interview Survey,
July-December, 2012. National Center for Health Statistics. June 2013.
10
The phone use parameter used for this 16+ sample is the same as the parameter we use for all 18+ surveys. No
adjustment was made to account for the fact that the target population for this survey is slightly different than a
standard 18+ general population survey.
pewinternet.org
11
12. Midwest
South
West
21.5
37.1
23.3
24.3
36.7
22.4
22.2
37.1
23.1
County Pop. Density
1 - Lowest
2
3
4
5 - Highest
19.9
20.0
20.1
20.0
20.0
24.1
20.5
21.3
18.3
15.7
20.3
20.2
20.2
19.8
19.5
Household Phone Use
LLO
Dual - few, some cell
Dual - most cell
CPO
6.5
35.9
18.3
39.3
4.9
50.7
18.7
25.7
6.0
36.7
18.5
38.8
Effects of Sample Design on Statistical Inference
Post-data collection statistical adjustments require analysis procedures that reflect departures from
simple random sampling. PSRAI calculates the effects of these design features so that an appropriate
adjustment can be incorporated into tests of statistical significance when using these data. The so-called
"design effect" or deff represents the loss in statistical efficiency that results from unequal weights. The
total sample design effect for this survey is 1.25.
PSRAI calculates the composite design effect for a sample of size n, with each case having a weight, wi
as:
n
deff
n wi
2
i 1
wi
i 1
n
2
formula 1
In a wide range of situations, the adjusted standard error of a statistic should be calculated by
multiplying the usual formula by the square root of the design effect (√deff ). Thus, the formula for
computing the 95% confidence interval around a percentage is:
ˆ
ˆ
p(1 p )
ˆ
p deff 1.96
n
formula 2
ˆ
where p is the sample estimate and n is the unweighted number of sample cases in the group being
considered.
The survey’s margin of error is the largest 95% confidence interval for any estimated proportion based
on the total sample— the one around 50%. For example, the margin of error for the entire sample is
pewinternet.org
12
13. ±1.4 percentage points. This means that in 95 out every 100 samples drawn using the same
methodology, estimated proportions based on the entire sample will be no more than 1.4 percentage
points away from their true values in the population. It is important to remember that sampling
fluctuations are only one possible source of error in a survey estimate. Other sources, such as
respondent selection bias, questionnaire wording and reporting inaccuracy, may contribute additional
error of greater or lesser magnitude.
Response Rate
Table 2 reports the disposition of all sampled telephone numbers ever dialed from the original
telephone number samples. The response rate estimates the fraction of all eligible respondents in the
sample that were ultimately interviewed. At PSRAI it is calculated by taking the product of three
component rates:11
Contact rate – the proportion of working numbers where a request for interview was made12
Cooperation rate – the proportion of contacted numbers where a consent for interview was at
least initially obtained, versus those refused
Completion rate – the proportion of initially cooperating and eligible interviews that were
completed
Thus the response rate for the landline sample was 10 percent. The response rate for the cellular sample
was 13 percent.
11
PSRAI’s disposition codes and reporting are consistent with the American Association for Public Opinion
Research standards.
12
PSRAI assumes that 75 percent of cases that result in a constant disposition of “No answer” or “Busy” are
actually not working numbers.
pewinternet.org
13
14. Sample Disposition
Landline
Cell
116,709
61,496
Total Numbers Dialed
5,165
4,316
30
70,002
5,084
32,113
27.5%
1,052
225
0
25,290
497
34,432
56.0%
Non-residential
Computer/Fax
Cell phone
Other not working
Additional projected not working
Working numbers
Working Rate
1,695
8,341
116
21,961
68.4%
166
6,795
50
27,421
79.6%
No Answer / Busy
Voice Mail
Other Non-Contact
Contacted numbers
Contact Rate
843
17,666
3,452
15.7%
3,543
19,219
4659
17.0%
Callback
Refusal
Cooperating numbers
Cooperation Rate
204
0
3,248
94.1%
228
1,250
3,181
68.3%
Language Barrier
Child's cell phone
Eligible numbers
Eligibility Rate
126
3,122
96.1%
78
3,103
97.5%
Break-off
Completes
Completion Rate
10.3%
13.2%
Response Rate
pewinternet.org
14