Just basic information for presentation purpose.

1. HYPERALDOSTERONISM
- SHANMUKH TUNUGUNTLA

2. Introduction
• Hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by
the excessive production and secretion of
aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal
glands.

3. Anatomy of Adrenal Glands
• Situated on top of each kidney.
• Adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, one of the key hormones involved in mineralocorticoid
regulation.

4. Aldosterone
Production
• Produced in the zona glomerulosa of the
adrenal cortex.
• Mainly regulated by the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS) and potassium
levels.
• Binds to mineralocorticoid receptors in the
kidneys, influencing sodium and potassium
reabsorption.

5. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
(RAAS)
• A complex hormonal cascade involving the kidneys, liver, and lungs.
• Low blood pressure or low sodium levels stimulate the release of renin.
• Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, further converted to angiotensin II, stimulating
aldosterone release.

6. Types of Hyperaldosteronism

7. Primary
Hyperaldosteronism
(Conn's Syndrome)
• An issue within your adrenal glands
causes them to release too much
aldosterone.
• Adrenal gland adenoma or
hyperplasia.
• Elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio.
• Hypertension, hypokalemia, muscle
weakness.

8. Secondary
Hyperaldosteronism
• An issue somewhere else in our body
causes your adrenal gland to make
too much aldosterone.
• Renal artery stenosis, heart failure,
cirrhosis.
• Elevated aldosterone due to increased
renin.
• Underlying condition-related
symptoms.

10. Hypertension
INCREASED SODIUM REABSORPTION
LEADS TO VOLUME EXPANSION.
ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE.

11. Hypokalemia
INCREASED POTASSIUM
EXCRETION.
MUSCLE WEAKNESS,
CRAMPS.

12. Diagnosis of Hyperaldosteronism
LABORATORY TESTS: ALDOSTERONE-TO-RENIN
RATIO.
SERUM ALDOSTERONE AND
RENIN LEVELS.
SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS IMAGING: CT SCAN OR MRI TO
IDENTIFY ADRENAL
ADENOMAS OR
HYPERPLASIA.

13. Differential
Diagnosis
Distinguishing hyperaldosteronism from
other causes of hypertension and
electrolyte imbalance.

14. Treatment Options
Medications: Mineralocorticoid
receptor antagonists
(e.g., spironolactone).
Diuretics. Surgical Intervention: Adrenalectomy for
cases of primary
hyperaldosteronism.

15. Conclusion
Hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by excessive aldosterone
production, impacting blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing
complications.