2. Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
Describes the concepts of general and physical chemistry and
apply the principles to pharmaceutical products.
2. Interprets the periodic table and atomic structure.
3. Describes the principles of mole concepts, molarity and
stoichiometry of chemical reactions.
3. 4. Describes the basic principles and applications of chemical
equilibrium, radioactive compound reaction kinetics, electrolyte
conductance, redox reaction, kinetic theory, ionization and pH
concept.
5. Explains drug stability and the factors that influence drug stability.
6. Performs pharmaceutical analytical processes
4. Unit 1: Matter [6hours]
1.1 Comparison of gases, liquids and solids
1.2 Change of state
1.2.1 Phase transitions
1.2.2 Phase diagrams
1.3 Liquid state
1.3.1 Properties of liquids: surface tension and viscosity
5. 1.3.2 Intermolecular forces
1.4 Solid state
1.4.1 Classification of solids by type of attraction of units
1..4.2 Crystalline solids; crystalline lattices and unit cells
1.5 Chemical and Physical changes
6. Unit 2: Atomic theory and Periodic table [4hours]
2.1 Basic structure of atoms
2.2 Electronic structure of atoms
2.3 Electron configuration and periodicity
2.4 The quantum mechanical model of the atom
7. Unit 3: Molecular bonding [4hours]
3.1 Ionic bonding
3.2 Covalent bonding
3.3 Dative bonds
3.4 Molecular geometry and chemical bonding theory
3.5 Molecular orbital theory
8. Unit 4: Stoichiometry and the mole concept [8hours]
4.1 Stoichiometry
4.2 Chemical equations
4.3 Mole concept in relation to chemical equations
4.4 Calculations involving solutions
9. Unit 5: Kinetic theory of gases, liquids and solids [6hours]
6.1 Gas pressure and its movement
6.2 Empirical gas laws
6.3 The ideal gas laws
6.4 Stoichiometry problems involving gas volumes
6.5 Gas mixtures: Law of partial pressures
6.6 Kinetic theory of an ideal gas
11. Unit 6: Thermochemistry [6hours]
6.1 Understanding heat of reactions
6.2 Enthalpy and internal energy
6.3.Hess’s law, Standard enthalpies of formation
12. Unit 7: Properties of solutions [6hours]
7.1 Solution formation and types of solution
7.2 Colligative properties
7.3 Colloid formation
13. Unit 8: Redox reactions [4hours]
8.1 Describing oxidation and reduction reaction
8.2 Oxidation numbers determination
8.3 Balancing oxidation and reduction equations
8.4 Application of oxidizing and reducing agents to pharmacy
14. Unit 9: Chemical kinetics and Equilibrium [14hours]
9.1 Definition of reaction rate
9.2 The experimental determination of rate
9.3 Dependence of rate on concentration
9.4 Temperature and rate; collision and state – transmission theory
9.5 Reaction mechanism
9.6 Drug stability
15. 9.7 Describing chemical equilibrium
9.8 Changing the reaction conditions; Le chateliers principle
16. Unit 10: Ionization and pH concept [6hours]
10.1 Nature of acids and bases (definitions and their properties)
10.2 Solution of a weak acid or base
10.3Solution of a weak acid or base with another solute
17. Unit 11: Solubility and complex-Ion Equilibria [6hours]
11.1 Solubility equilibria
11.2Complex-ion equilibria
11.3Complex ion formation
11.4 An application of solubility
18. Unit 12: Radioactivity [6hours]
12.1 Types of radioactive decay (describe all the 5 types and their nature)
12.2 Nuclear equations and stability
12.3 Applications of radioactive isotopes to medicine
12.4 The kinetics of radioactive decay
19. Laboratory Practical and Demonstration topics [55 hours]
1. Laboratory Safety and use of Analytical Glassware
2. Assay of Sulphuric acid
3. Assay of Hydrochloric acid
4. Assay of Salicylic Acid
5. Assay of Anhydrous Citric Acid
6. Assay of Citric acid monohydride
7. Assay of Glacial acetic acid
20. 8. Combustion of iron wool
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9. Decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate (baking soda)
10. Determining water of crystallization from hydrates
21. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours:
Lectures: 3 hours per week
Tutorials: 1 hour per week
Presentations: 1 hour per month
Lab practical: 3 hours per week
22. Assessment Methods:
1. Continuous assessments 40%
1.1 Tests: 25%
1.2 Presentations: 5%
1.3 Lab practical reports: 10%
2. Final Examination: 60%
2.1 Written Examination (Multiple choice and short answer questions): 40%
2.2 Objectively Structured Practical Examination: 20%
