Photosynthesis
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This document summarizes an experiment to determine if chlorophyll is necessary for starch formation in leaves. The hypothesis was that covered leaves would show starch presence and variegated leaves would react to iodine where chlorophyll was absent. Leaves were covered for 24-48 hours then tested with iodine. The results did not support the hypothesis as the covered leaves did not change, but variegated leaf spots without chlorophyll reacted and turned black, indicating starch. The conclusion was the experiment should have left leaves covered longer to better test the hypothesis.
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Chlorophyll is one of a class of pigments that absorbs light energy in photosynthesis. Relate the
function of chlorophyll to its location. Design an experiment to investigate the influence of
sunlight on the activity of chlorophyll. Describe what information concerning the structure of
chlorophyll could be inferred from your experiment.
Solution
Answer:
1. (a) Structure of chloroplasts:
i. Double membrane encloses dense fluid stroma.
ii. Interconnected stacks of flattened membranes are present in the stroma.
iii. The flattened membranes are called thylakoids while the stacks are called grana.
iv. Chlorophyll is bound to the thylakoid membranes.
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How chloroplast structure relates to its function:
i. Dense stacks of thylakoids efficiently absorb light.
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iii. Chemical energy used to build carbohydrate in the stroma.
(b) Experiment to investigate the the effect of sunlight on photosynthesis:
Aim of the experiment:-
To prove that chlorophyll pigment in green leaves is necessary for the plants to prepare their
carbohydrate (starch) food.
Requirements for the experiment:-
A well watered variegated leaf plant, beaker, water, Bunsen burner, mentholated spirit or
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A variegated leaf plant is taken for this particular experiment to prove the necessity of
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contain other pigments but not chlorophyll.
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step has to be carried out is known as De-starching. De-starching is a step in which the starch
present in the leaves of the plant will be removed by keeping the variegated leaves plant in a dark
room or closed cup-board for about 48 hours. This step is done to ensure that previously
synthesized starch in the leaves get consumed up because photosynthesis doesn\'t occur at that
time as the plant is kept in dark place.
After De-starching step the variegated leaf plant is kept in bright sunlight for about 6 hours.
After this one of the variegated leaf is plucked out from the experimental plant. Then Iodine test
is conducted for this experimental leaf to find out whether the leaf prepared starch through
photosynthesis or not.
Steps to be followed for Iodine test:-
i. The plucked out experimental leaf is immersed in boiling water in the beaker for few minutes
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ii. Now the boiled leaf is taken out from the beaker with the help of a forceps. It is then placed in
a.
WEEK_16_CHAPTER_6_PLANT_NUTRITION.pdf.pdf
Plants perform photosynthesis to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Glucose is used for energy, stored as starch, and converted into other organic molecules like proteins, fats, and cellulose. It is also converted into sucrose for long-distance transport throughout the plant. Leaves were described as the site of photosynthesis, containing chloroplasts where light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll are needed to produce glucose and oxygen. A series of experiments were outlined to test which factors like light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis.
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Similar to Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is one of a class of pigments that absorbs light energy i.pdf
Chlorophyll is one of a class of pigments that absorbs light energy in photosynthesis. Relate the
function of chlorophyll to its location. Design an experiment to investigate the influence of
sunlight on the activity of chlorophyll. Describe what information concerning the structure of
chlorophyll could be inferred from your experiment.
Solution
Answer:
1. (a) Structure of chloroplasts:
i. Double membrane encloses dense fluid stroma.
ii. Interconnected stacks of flattened membranes are present in the stroma.
iii. The flattened membranes are called thylakoids while the stacks are called grana.
iv. Chlorophyll is bound to the thylakoid membranes.
Location: Around the periphery of the cell
How chloroplast structure relates to its function:
i. Dense stacks of thylakoids efficiently absorb light.
ii. Light energy is converted into chemical energy at the thylakoid.
iii. Chemical energy used to build carbohydrate in the stroma.
(b) Experiment to investigate the the effect of sunlight on photosynthesis:
Aim of the experiment:-
To prove that chlorophyll pigment in green leaves is necessary for the plants to prepare their
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Requirements for the experiment:-
A well watered variegated leaf plant, beaker, water, Bunsen burner, mentholated spirit or
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A variegated leaf plant is taken for this particular experiment to prove the necessity of
chlorophyll for photosynthesis. A variegated leaf is a leaf in which different patches of colors are
present in a Croton or Coleus or Geranium plant. The place where green patches are present in
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contain other pigments but not chlorophyll.
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present in the leaves of the plant will be removed by keeping the variegated leaves plant in a dark
room or closed cup-board for about 48 hours. This step is done to ensure that previously
synthesized starch in the leaves get consumed up because photosynthesis doesn\'t occur at that
time as the plant is kept in dark place.
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is conducted for this experimental leaf to find out whether the leaf prepared starch through
photosynthesis or not.
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i. The plucked out experimental leaf is immersed in boiling water in the beaker for few minutes
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This document contains information on photosynthesis including the: raw materials needed, conditions and products. The steps needed by science students to carry out a starch test may also be found in this document. Lastly, you will find a critical thinking question involving a variegated leaf.
C07 Chromatography[1]
This document discusses paper chromatography and its use in separating and identifying pigments from plant extracts. It explains that pigments are carried up the paper at different rates depending on their solubility in the solvent and ability to form hydrogen bonds with the cellulose in the paper. Beta-carotene moves near the solvent front as it is very soluble and does not form hydrogen bonds, while chlorophylls bind more tightly to the paper. The document provides objectives, materials, and procedures for performing paper chromatography on leaf pigments to separate chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenes, and xanthophylls.
C07 Chromatography
This document provides background on paper chromatography and how it can be used to separate pigments in plant extracts. It explains that pigments move at different rates on the chromatography paper depending on their solubility in the solvent and ability to form hydrogen bonds with the cellulose. Beta-carotene moves near the solvent front while xanthophyll and chlorophylls are more tightly bound. The objectives are to understand chromatography principles. The procedure has students extract pigments from leaves using alcohol and separate them on coffee filters. [/SUMMARY]
IGCSE Photosythesis
Plants undergo photosynthesis, a process where sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are converted into glucose and oxygen. Chlorophyll in the leaf absorbs sunlight, which is then used along with carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil to produce glucose and oxygen through a chemical reaction. The glucose is used for plant growth and any excess is stored as starch. Minerals absorbed from the soil like nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium are also required to support plant growth and production of chlorophyll. Leaves are adapted for efficient photosynthesis through features like a large surface area, thinness to allow for gas exchange, and specialized cells containing chloroplasts where the reaction occurs.
Phenology Project
The document summarizes a student's phenology project observing the changes in a tulip poplar tree over six weeks in the fall. Phenology is the study of seasonal natural phenomena and how plants and animals adapt to changes in climate. The student documented how the tree's leaves changed from green to yellow to orange and brown as temperatures dropped and sunlight decreased. Fungus also affected some leaves. By observing these seasonal changes, the student learned that trees store energy in their roots to survive the winter without leaves.
809
The document summarizes an experiment investigating the effect of light intensity on the amount of chlorophyll in the plant species Cicer arietinum. Seeds were divided into 7 groups and placed in locations with varying light intensities ranging from 0 to 1200 lux. After 3 weeks, plant length, biomass, and chlorophyll content were measured. Chlorophyll content was determined through ethanol extraction and titration. The results showed that plants exposed to lower light intensities were longer with less chlorophyll, while higher light intensities produced shorter plants with more chlorophyll, until intensities exceeded 1200 lux. The study supported the hypothesis that chlorophyll amount increases with light intensity up to a point, after which destruction exceeds formation.
Plant nutrition
1) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into chemical energy stored as carbohydrates like sugars.
2) Light is essential for photosynthesis to occur as it provides the energy needed for metabolic reactions in plants.
3) Experiments on photosynthesis require controls and destarching of leaves to remove stored starch before testing if new starch is produced under different light or carbon dioxide conditions using iodine solution to detect starch.
Photosynthesis 2013 new
This document discusses photosynthesis and its requirements. It states that photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The key requirements for photosynthesis are light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll. The products are glucose, which is stored as starch in plants, and oxygen, which is released.
Chromatography lab report biology
Plants absorb light in order to carry out photosynthesis. This light is absorbed by chloroplasts in plant cells. Through photosynthesis, plants synthesize their own food.
Paper chromatography is normally used to separate mixtures of different molecules since capillary action happens and allows the molecules of each pigment to attract to one another and to the paper and thus, move up the paper (“Lab Report On Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Biology Essay”).
The pigments include Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Xanthophyll, and Carotene.
The Relative Mobility Factor (Rf) value is the distance that the solute traveled divided by the distance the solvent traveled (“Chromatography of Different Colored Leaves: Lab Report”). The distance traveled by the solvent is the line to which the original solution reached when the filter paper was dipped in the solution.
The Rf values can be compared between different plant species to compare the pigments found in them.
Photosynthesis
The document summarizes an experiment on photosynthesis. [1] Van Helmont planted a willow sapling and measured the soil weight before and after 5 years, finding only a small loss of 52g of soil. [2] However, the tree had gained 74kg, showing that the soil is not the main source of a plant's growth materials. [3] Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll in the leaves.
Chemistry of the Fall
The chemistry of autumn leaf color changes is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll and the revealing of carotenoid pigments. Chlorophyll produces the green color in leaves and is responsible for photosynthesis. In autumn, as the sunlight decreases, chlorophyll breaks down which allows the yellow, orange, and brown carotenoid pigments to shine through, changing the color of the leaves. The red anthocyanin pigments also become visible. This chemical process is what makes the season of fall so visually stunning each year.
Practical 1
Plants need sunlight, water, and air to survive. An experiment showed that leaves covered with vaseline to block air died, while uncovered leaves remained green. Leaves covered with black paper to block sunlight turned yellow, showing they need sunlight for photosynthesis. Seeds planted with and without water showed that water is essential for growth and transporting nutrients. Seeds planted with and without air access in jars and cups found that air is required for growth, as the lack of air caused seeds to not sprout. Overall, the experiments demonstrated the basic needs of plants are sunlight, water, and air.
Life processes Part 1 (Nutrition)
Living things carry out life processes like nutrition, which can occur through autotrophic or heterotrophic means. Autotrophs like plants perform photosynthesis, using chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce their own food in the form of carbohydrates. Heterotrophs obtain nutrition from other organisms and include animals, fungi and saprophytes. Experiments showed only the green parts of variegated leaves produced starch from photosynthesis, and that carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis to take place. The human digestive system breaks down starch using salivary amylase in the mouth.
Chapter 7 Nutrition in Plants Lesson 3 - Experiments testing for photosynthesis
The document describes a series of experiments to test the factors involved in photosynthesis. It tests for the presence of starch after exposing plants to different conditions such as removing carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, or sunlight. The experiments involve destarching plants, exposing them to conditions, then testing for starch using iodine to determine if photosynthesis occurred. Graphs show that starch is only produced when conditions like carbon dioxide and light are present.
ACFrOgDlU1Xj7mhmzOn4Ih5d767qdTdgwFYRB8_JH4re-RhtnxgnmVPVqZE2DLoBljp9gir8txBhH...
The document provides a revision guide for the CXC Biology exam covering several topics:
1. Growth in plants versus animals, focusing on plant growth occurring in meristematic tissues only.
2. Germination, outlining the key conditions and multi-step process, from water absorption to seed coat rupture and seedling emergence.
3. Nutrition types, differentiating between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition and defining nutrients as chemical substances providing nourishment.
It also provides details on photosynthesis, including the word equation, role of products, stages (light and dark), leaf adaptations and structures, and limiting factors. Testing methods for photosynthesis and the presence of its products (starch and oxygen)
Biology Lab Write-Up
The document summarizes an experiment that investigated photosynthetic pigments and starch production in plants. It found that:
1) A leaf placed in darkness for a week did not produce starch, while a light-exposed leaf did, as detected by iodine staining.
2) A variegated leaf only stained purple in its original green regions, where chloroplasts and chlorophyll are present.
3) Absorption spectra of isolated pigments from spinach peaked between 420-440nm, matching the action spectrum of all pigments. This blue-violet light most drives photosynthesis.
Practical
This document provides instructions for a group science experiment to determine if carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis. It outlines background information on using iodine solution to test for the presence of starch after photosynthesis, safety precautions, required materials, and the procedure which involves destarching leaves from a plant with exposure to CO2 and one without for 72 hours, then testing both leaves for starch with iodine solution. Students are to complete the experiment, follow formatting guidelines, and include a cover page, references, and contents page. The assignment is due on November 18, 2012 and late submissions will be penalized 10%.
testing for starch actuvity
1) The document provides instructions for a practical experiment to test leaves for starch content using iodine solution. Students are to work in groups of four, wearing proper safety equipment.
2) The method involves boiling leaves in water to remove chlorophyll, then soaking them in ethanol and iodine solution. This tests if starch is present, seen as a color change with iodine.
3) Students must answer preparation questions on photosynthesis, including explaining the process, describing chloroplast structure, and listing photosynthetic pigments. They are given resources to research the topic and join an online class group to collaborate.
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Chlorophyll is one of a class of pigments that absorbs light energy i.pdf
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Chapter 7 Nutrition in Plants Lesson 3 - Experiments testing for photosynthesis
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ACFrOgDlU1Xj7mhmzOn4Ih5d767qdTdgwFYRB8_JH4re-RhtnxgnmVPVqZE2DLoBljp9gir8txBhH...
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- 1. Photosynthesis aim- to determine whether chlorophyll is necessary for starch formation. hypothesis- the covered leaves will reveal that starch is present and the variegated leaves will react to the iodine wherever there is no chlorophyll present. method 1. Cover out 3 leaves from a tree for 24-48 hours 2. Remove leaves 3.soak in alcohol boil. 4. after 5-10 minutes the leaves should look uniformly pale. The liquid would have taken on a green colour as the pigment from the leaves dissolve 5. Remove leaves from alcohol and place on a paper towel 7. Dip each leaf in hot water, in order for them to soften 8. Cover each leaf with iodine solution in a beaker and allow them to stand for a minute. 9. Remove leaves from beaker, gently wash off the iodine solution. Note that iodine turns blue/black if starch is present. Result The leaves did not show that starch was present. The main reason why the result did not fit the hypothesis is because the leaves were not covered for long enough. The variegated leaves appeared yellow after the experiment as there was no chlorophyll present. The spots where there was starch reacted to iodine and turned black. Discussion The results that were revealed by the practical did not support the hypothesis. The main factor that led to this would be that the leaves were not covered for long enough. The leaves did not change in texture or colour within the two days they were covered. The variegated leaves lost all their chlorophyll and turned yellow. The spots where starch was present turned black, and this supported the hypothesis Conclusion the leaves should have been left covered for longer. The presence of starch within the covered leaves was not identified through the practical therefore it is unknown whether chlorophyll is necessary for starch formation. However the starch within the variegated leaves reacted with the iodine and turned blue/black.