English SBA for CSEC. *The file has been protected and has been submitted to CXC. Do not copy as the digital signature of the file cannot be removed or edited. Use as a guide only
CSEC Business Cognate SBA Research GuidelinesDebbie-Ann Hall
This document seeks to guide users in their attempt to satisfy the requirements for the SBA. It provides examples which were generated by participants in Teacher Orientation Workshops conducted by the Caribbean Examinations Council in May – June 2017 across the Region in collaboration with the Ministries of Education.
Human & Social Biology - Sample Project on 'The Impact of Heath Practices on ...Raheme Matthie
H.S.B research that was carried out on The Impact of Heath Practices on the Environment. This will help to guide you as to how you should go about doing this assignment.
English SBA for CSEC. *The file has been protected and has been submitted to CXC. Do not copy as the digital signature of the file cannot be removed or edited. Use as a guide only
CSEC Business Cognate SBA Research GuidelinesDebbie-Ann Hall
This document seeks to guide users in their attempt to satisfy the requirements for the SBA. It provides examples which were generated by participants in Teacher Orientation Workshops conducted by the Caribbean Examinations Council in May – June 2017 across the Region in collaboration with the Ministries of Education.
Human & Social Biology - Sample Project on 'The Impact of Heath Practices on ...Raheme Matthie
H.S.B research that was carried out on The Impact of Heath Practices on the Environment. This will help to guide you as to how you should go about doing this assignment.
This document is meant to be used as a guide to current and upcoming students at the CXC CSEC level experiencing difficulty in doing their School Bases Assesment (SBA). This document follows the 2010 syllabus which may be subject to change.
This School Based Assessment was made to fulfill Samantha's Social Studies Course for the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate. Please do not plagiarize this document in any way. This is solely for the purpose of helping others to improve their grades as a Caribbean student.
The Community Development Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRBSF) launched the Community Indicators Project to collect input from community stakeholders about the issues and trends facing low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities in the 12th District. We hope that by systematically collecting local viewpoints, we will be able to help our constituents gain a deeper understanding of the challenges facing LMI communities. This issue of Vantage Point synthesizes the key themes that emerged in the 2013 community indicators survey based on the responses of 289 expert stakeholders from the 12th District. Questions were open-ended, allowing respondents to raise the issues of greatest concern to them.
example-1The popular voteStatus quoThe United States electsBetseyCalderon89
example-1
The popular vote
Status quo:
The United States elects an American president every four years using the electoral college, a tradition that has been repeated since the beginning of the nation. The system of electoral college gives each state a “proportionate” amount of votes based on their population. Since the electoral college is not equivalent to the popular vote, certain state’s votes do not matter as much compared to others. Causing a minority of people to make wide sweeping decisions for the nation.
Plan:
A social movement pushed strongly by politicians and political organizations to support the process of changing the electoral process to result in the popular vote electing the nation’s president. The process of amending the constitution is very unlikely, thus the National Popular Vote (NPV) plan is the most probable of succeeding. Informing society of the importance of fair elections and how all other social movements rely on good representatives, can potentially create a social movement to pressure representatives to pass the compact.
Plan in action/ Benefits:
Overall using the popular vote, everyone’s vote will be worth the same amount, the process of election will be simpler and cheaper, and create the most satisfied results for the majority of voters.
part 1: If people want government support with social issues that the majority of people agree with it is important to support a presidential election that is based on popular vote. There is already a NPV compact that is close to reaching its majority votes to past and change the national election. Not all the votes needed are reached and that is what I believe is still inadequate.
Im struggling with understanding if what I am proposing a good enough plan.
example2
I am writing my essay on the need for stricter gun control laws in the United States. The amount of shootings that have happened in the year of 2022 is unacceptable, and with the Uvalde mass shooting killing innocent children and teachers, there needs to be change. This topic matters to anyone who lives in America because without a change in gun laws there will just be more terrible shootings and more lives lost.
In current breaking news, the House passed the gun control legislation that was brought forth after the Buffalo and Uvalde shootings. This package includes raising the gun purchasing age from 18 to 21, as well as banning the purchasing of high capacity magazines. Along with that, they want to tighten laws of the storage of firearms for residents and create more criminal penalties for those who break gun laws. In order for these to pass as laws, Senate needs to pass them which will be difficult due to members believing this to be unnecessary and unconstitutional. What is being done is a start, but it does not fix the gun problem in the U.S. No matter the law, there will still be illegal trafficking of guns, minors purchasing, and shootings. The laws need to be passed and need to be acted on ...
This document is meant to be used as a guide to current and upcoming students at the CXC CSEC level experiencing difficulty in doing their School Bases Assesment (SBA). This document follows the 2010 syllabus which may be subject to change.
This School Based Assessment was made to fulfill Samantha's Social Studies Course for the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate. Please do not plagiarize this document in any way. This is solely for the purpose of helping others to improve their grades as a Caribbean student.
The Community Development Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRBSF) launched the Community Indicators Project to collect input from community stakeholders about the issues and trends facing low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities in the 12th District. We hope that by systematically collecting local viewpoints, we will be able to help our constituents gain a deeper understanding of the challenges facing LMI communities. This issue of Vantage Point synthesizes the key themes that emerged in the 2013 community indicators survey based on the responses of 289 expert stakeholders from the 12th District. Questions were open-ended, allowing respondents to raise the issues of greatest concern to them.
example-1The popular voteStatus quoThe United States electsBetseyCalderon89
example-1
The popular vote
Status quo:
The United States elects an American president every four years using the electoral college, a tradition that has been repeated since the beginning of the nation. The system of electoral college gives each state a “proportionate” amount of votes based on their population. Since the electoral college is not equivalent to the popular vote, certain state’s votes do not matter as much compared to others. Causing a minority of people to make wide sweeping decisions for the nation.
Plan:
A social movement pushed strongly by politicians and political organizations to support the process of changing the electoral process to result in the popular vote electing the nation’s president. The process of amending the constitution is very unlikely, thus the National Popular Vote (NPV) plan is the most probable of succeeding. Informing society of the importance of fair elections and how all other social movements rely on good representatives, can potentially create a social movement to pressure representatives to pass the compact.
Plan in action/ Benefits:
Overall using the popular vote, everyone’s vote will be worth the same amount, the process of election will be simpler and cheaper, and create the most satisfied results for the majority of voters.
part 1: If people want government support with social issues that the majority of people agree with it is important to support a presidential election that is based on popular vote. There is already a NPV compact that is close to reaching its majority votes to past and change the national election. Not all the votes needed are reached and that is what I believe is still inadequate.
Im struggling with understanding if what I am proposing a good enough plan.
example2
I am writing my essay on the need for stricter gun control laws in the United States. The amount of shootings that have happened in the year of 2022 is unacceptable, and with the Uvalde mass shooting killing innocent children and teachers, there needs to be change. This topic matters to anyone who lives in America because without a change in gun laws there will just be more terrible shootings and more lives lost.
In current breaking news, the House passed the gun control legislation that was brought forth after the Buffalo and Uvalde shootings. This package includes raising the gun purchasing age from 18 to 21, as well as banning the purchasing of high capacity magazines. Along with that, they want to tighten laws of the storage of firearms for residents and create more criminal penalties for those who break gun laws. In order for these to pass as laws, Senate needs to pass them which will be difficult due to members believing this to be unnecessary and unconstitutional. What is being done is a start, but it does not fix the gun problem in the U.S. No matter the law, there will still be illegal trafficking of guns, minors purchasing, and shootings. The laws need to be passed and need to be acted on ...
ING-ASR - US household finances survey 2015Ezonomics1
Are households in the US skating on thin ice? One of the main results of the ING-ASR US Household Finances Survey suggests people may not be entirely ready for a rise in interest rates that has long been expected. If interest rates do rise, people may plan to save more and borrow less, with the appetite for risk remaining low.
MGT/526 v1
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational Analysis
MGT/526 v1
Page 2 of 2
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational AnalysisInstructions
Complete the worksheet based on your chosen organization. Use Business Source Complete and your selected company’s website, annual report, and other available sources. Part 1: Organization Information
Organization
Define your chosen company and its industry.
Mission and Vision
Identify the mission and vision of the organization.
Mission
Vision
Organizational Initiatives
Outline 1-2 major initiative for this organization. What are they currently doing to support these initiatives?
Organizational Plans
Describe the plans employed by the organization. Determine which types of managers create each type of plan.
Type of Plan
Description
Type of Manager
SWOT Analysis
There are various factors within the external environment of an organization that impacts its strategy.
Analyze the organization’s SWOT analysis. Identify the internal and external factors. Include a link to the SWOT analysis in the Reference section of this worksheet.
Internal Factors
External Factors
Part 2: Evaluation
Evaluate if the mission, vision, planning process, and SWOT analysis meets the current needs of the organization. Include the following in your evaluation:
· Describe the unmet need, (not limited to product or service, can be new demographic, new mode of delivery, etc.).
· Analyze your competitive advantages.
· Based upon the SWOT analysis, is there another business that is doing something similar that can be referred to? Provide examples.
· If there is not another business, describe how what you’re doing is a unique product or service offering.
· Propose a competitive business initiative to address the unmet need.
· Create a high-level timeline and operational steps necessary to implement your solution. References
Include a link to theSWOT analysis.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
COUN 6785: Social Change in Action:
Prevention, Consultation, and Advocacy
Social Change Portfolio
M. Negrón
Contents
Introduction
Scope and Consequences
Social-ecological Model
Theories of Prevention
Diversity and Ethical Considerations
Advocacy
INTRODUCTIONAdressing Teen Pregnancy in Pittsburg, California
In more recent years, there has been an effort in my community to address teen pregnancy due to its growing rates. Over the years teen pregnancy rates have continued to rise in Contra Costa County as well as surrounding counties. Unfortanately, the town I come from is a small town within Contra Costa County so resources are limited. In order to address teen pregnancy there needs to be easier access to resources to prevent teen pregnancy from occurring. Teen pregnancy can lead to a number of different problems such as low socioeconomic status, greater chance of contracting a sexually transmitted infec.
The Community Foundation for Palm Beach and Martin Counties, in partnership with Allegany Franciscan Ministries, conducted the 2nd Annual Nonprofit Survey to gather data regarding the needs in the community, the state of nonprofits and how best funders could be of assistance. Respondents were asked about their current challenges, the impact the economic downturn has had on the services they offer and their most pressing funding needs. Here are the overall results. A recording of a webinar that corresponds with this presentation is also available at www.yourcommunityfoundation.org/economy.
HR Webinar: The New EEO-1 Component 2 Reporting Requirement: Are You Ready?Ascentis
With the decision by Judge Tanya Chutkan of the DC Federal District Court in National Women's Law Center, et al., v. Office of Management and Budget, et al., Civil Action No. 17-cv-2458 (D.D.C.), now appearing to be final, the EEOC announced on July 15, 2019, that the EEO-1 Component 2 reporting portal is now open, and login information was being sent to approx. 1.6 million employer "establishments" who are required to complete this reporting by September 30, 2019. As a reminder, this reporting requirement, which has been pending EEOC "activation" for more than three years, requires employers to categorize employees by pay range, report their annual hours worked, and classify by race, gender and job classification already being reported in existing ("Component 1") information. The initial intent of this data collection was to begin the first-ever, data-driven effort to close the 19% gender pay equity gap recognized within the US.
In this webinar we will review the history of the requirement, the assortment of reporting tools released by the EEOC in July 2019 designed to help with the required reporting and give an update on the expected August posting by the EEOC including when employers are expected to begin uploading Component-2 data in CV format to the EEOC website.
Graduates Unemployment- A Case of Jalgaon Cityiosrjce
This paper provides a broad overview of the employment situation among graduates which is a major
concern of government and their social partner throughout the region. In India, a stated objective of economic
policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the
standards of living of people. However, despite impressive economic growth over the years, the situation on
employment front leaves much to be desired. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has
increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces.
In analyzing the situation, it needs proper understanding of the current situation of unemployment problem
faced by the country at large and also its consequences. With an object to understand the present situation of
unemployment faced by the graduates and also to understand the various causes and consequences of the same,
this research paper is presented as a case study of students of various faculties in Jalgaon City. The
methodology used for this paper is primary data. The research has covered various problems and issues of a
social issue – graduates’ unemployment which include many aspects like health issues which affect physically as
well as psychologically on students’ life, lower economic growth, increased rate of crimes, and suicide as the
last option after facing so many problems.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
1. ECONOMICS SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT
Unemployment
An investigation into the unemployment of persons living in White Water Meadows
Name: DAVID RAMDEEN
Candidate Registration #:
School: Wolmer’s Boys’ School
Centre #:100128
Year of Exam:
Teacher:
Date of Submission:
2. Acknowledgements
Without input there is no output therefore I must show appreciation to those who lent a
helping hand in the creation of my Economics School Based Assessment.
First and foremost, I must thank God for providing all these other aides. I also must
thank you for giving strength to endure through all obstacles in order to fulfill this task.
Secondly, I have to recognize my teacher, for being a motivator and guide towards the
completion of the SBA.
Last but not least, I must say a big “THANK YOU!” to my group members for all their
hard work and cooperation as we all played a crucial role.
3. Table of Contents
UNEMPLOYMENT ....................................................................................................................... 1
Topic Statement........................................................................................................................... 1
Aims ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Objectives.................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 2
Definition of Key Terms................................................................................................................. 3
Methodology................................................................................................................................... 5
Limitations ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Presentation of Data........................................................................................................................ 7
Interpretation and Analysis ........................................................................................................... 13
Findings......................................................................................................................................... 20
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 21
Recommendations......................................................................................................................... 22
References..................................................................................................................................... 24
Appendices.................................................................................................................................... 25
Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................ 25
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN MY COMMUNITY? ................ 25
Bar Chart Showing Unemployment Rate.................................................................................. 27
4. 1 | P a g e
UNEMPLOYMENT
Topic Statement
An investigation into the unemployment of persons living in White Water Meadows
Aims
The aims of this investigation are as follows:
1. To develop an attitude of independent research
2. To develop an interest in Economics through research and analysis
3. To apply economic theory to a more practical framework
Objectives
To define unemployment
To find out the causes for unemployment in White Water Meadows
To find out why youth are unemployed and why it’s more prevalent among in this age
groups.
To evaluate the cost of unemployment
To examine the reactions of respondents from White Water Meadows towards Labour in
Jamaica
5. 2 | P a g e
Introduction
Unemployment is simply the state of being unemployed which is a person without a paid
job but available to work. This research was particularly hand-picked due to the fact that this is
also faced in Jamaica and it’s sad to see that people of the country are hindering economic
development of Jamaica. Based off of April 2017 which was the beginning of the current fiscal
year, the country had a surprising unemployment rate of 12.7% (STATIN report on The Jamaica
Observer) resultantly we can conduce that there is are problems with the labour force. In the
research there will be an investigation into the unemployment of persons living in my
community. This designated community is White Water Meadows, which is not known for crime
and violence, however a number of the residents are unemployed and are paying rent.
Surprisingly, all types of unemployment exist in my community based on the research.
Throughout this assessment, many things can be learnt like: reasons and solutions for
unemployment, age range and gender of unemployed in Jamaica
6. 3 | P a g e
Definition of Key Terms
According to Economics for CSEC by Patricia Gopie:
Unemployment Rate- “The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons measured
as a percentage of the labour force”.
Unemployment1-Any person who is actively seeking employment and is willing and able to
work at the existing wage rate but is unable to find work even though they have actively seeking
employment within the last four weeks is considered to be unemployed”.
Frictional- “Though there are jobs these unemployed do not have skills to match the jobs, or they
are unwilling or not able to move to that part of the country where the job is”.
Search1- This occurs when someone who is unemployed does not take the first job that he/she is
offered because they are search for a better paying or more suitable job.
Seasonal1- This is when there is demand for certain products or when a particular crop is in
‘season’ and is unemployed for the rest of the year.
Structural1-This occurs when there is a change in the industry. The following are causes:
improvement of technology enabling capital to replace labour, when there is falling world
demand for an export, reducing output, thus employing less labour.
Cyclical1-This occurs when there is a fall in aggregate (total) demand in the economy so firms in
the economy reduce output, so they will employ less factors of labour including labour
Real Wage1- Real Wage unemployment occurs when the wages a worker is willing to accept
(real wages) is in excess of those an employer is willing to pay
7. 4 | P a g e
Inflation- “Inflation is defined as the steady and continuous rise in the general price level (that is,
an average of all prices in the economy)”.
GDP1- Gross domestic product is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and
services produced in a period of time.
Economic Growth- “Economic Growth is the increase in real per capita domestic product. Real
per capita GDP is the real GDP per head of the population. This is found by dividing GDP by the
total population”.
Monetary policy1-This is the use of interest rates, availability of credit, market operations,
required reserve ratio to control the money supply and, consequently, the aggregate demand in
the economy
According to an article on Investopedia by Amy Fontinelle:
Standard of Living- “Standard of living generally refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material
goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class, in a certain geographic area.”
Quality of Life1- Quality of life is more subjective than standard of living and intangible and
refers to the general wellbeing of individuals and society.
The superscripts signify that they were summarized or edited definitions from the
resource stated above
8. 5 | P a g e
Methodology
The researched data in this SBA was accumulated by means of primary sources which
included questionnaires and secondary sources which were newspaper articles and webpages.
Firstly, I on behalf of my group had handed out 20 questionnaires to people in the area of White
Water Meadows. The results of the research were calculated and tallied with my fellow group
members to output the charts below. The questionnaire was a necessity in order to fulfill my
objectives. In order to get the questionnaires completed, I had to ride around my community and
distribute them to trustworthy neighbors. Secondly, I had visited the internet for statistics on the
unemployment of Jamaica. Although a newspaper article had given some information, I saw the
need to seek additional information. Lastly but by no means least for past and present insight on
unemployment in the country as a whole I collected a few newspaper articles which consisted of
unemployment rates, social and political risks, policy actions, causes, and a complete overview.
However, the articles didn’t just come to me, I had to go these newspaper publishers namely,
The Jamaica Gleaner and The Daily Observer and request original copies of them.
9. 6 | P a g e
Limitations
The following limitations were faced:
Some neighbours didn’t understand the questions, hence I had problems with presenting
the data.
The questions that could be freely answer gave a change to respondents to write anything,
and a range of answers were given which caused difficulty in tallying the data.
(Questions 7 & 12)
There was no deadline for the collection of the questionnaires, hence a few had to
postponed until a later date, resulting in postponement of this SBA.
The newspapers obtained from The Jamaica Gleaner and The Daily Observer, took some
time to obtain as there was a long line to wait in. This took approximately 30-45 minutes
10. 7 | P a g e
Presentation of Data
Figure 1. shows the comparison of the employed and unemployed people who took part in the
questionnaire; 12 out of the 20 people were unemployed while 8 were employed.
60%
40%
Figure 1
Unemployed
Employed
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Men Women
Figure 2
Men
Women
11. 8 | P a g e
Figure 2. shows that the comparison of unemployed between men and women. It can be
concluded that majority of the women were unemployed being 9/12 and men being 3/12.
Figure 3. Presents the age ranges of the respondents, showing that the most frequent age range of
the unemployed is 18-25 which was 50% of the unemployed.
Figure 4. Represents the number of dependents possessed by the employed as well as
unemployed personnel.
50%
25%
25%
Figure 3
18-25 26-35 36+
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
0 1-2 3-4 Other
People
Dependents
Figure 4
# of People(Unemployed) # of People(Employed)
12. 9 | P a g e
Figure 5. Shows the number of people attending different types of schools and presents that
majority of the unemployed in my community attended non-tradition schools.
Figure 4. shows that the maximum level of education received by the respondents was “Other”.
Hence, this proves that these unemployed had little or no level of education.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Non-Traditional Technical Traditional
PEOPLE
SCHOOL
Figure 5
# of People(Unemployed) # of People(Employed)
13. 10 | P a g e
Figure 5. indicate summarized causes of unemployment pertaining to what the respondent put.
From the chart above the recurrent cause was Seasonal Unemployment which was 4 out of the 12
people.
Figure 6. shows how the unemployed are affected. It can be concluded that the major effect to
them is a poor standard of living/quality of life.
Seasonal,
33.33%
Structural, 25%
Frictional , 25%
Real Wage,
8.33%
Search, 8.33%
FIGURE 7
Figure 5
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
Poor Quality
of
Life/Standard
of Living
Housing
Tension Poor Health
83.3%
8.3%
8.3%
Figure 8
Poor Quality of Life/Standard of
Living
Housing Tension
Poor Health
14. 11 | P a g e
Figure 9. shows the minimum salaries that these unemployed respondents would accept.
Figure 7. represents the people who believe/don’t believe that the government provides sufficient
amount of jobs for Jamaican citizens. Based on reponses,10 people believed so while the other
10 didn’t believe.
# of People(Unemployed)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Axis Title
Figure 9
$15,000 - $20,000 $21,000 - $30,000 $31,000 - $45,000 $46,000 +
50%50%
Figure 10
Yes No
15. 12 | P a g e
Figure 8. shows the comparison of people who would or wouldn’t go overseas in search of a job
Form the sunburst chart we can conclude that 13 people wouldn’t go overseas and seek a job if
they got the job.
Figure 9. shows a clustered bar chart showing the reason for their answer in question 11. The red
bar represents why they would go overseas whereas the blue bar represents why these
respondents wouldn’t go overseas (Stay in Jamaica).
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Suitable to their desire
Better Pay
Better Conditions/Comfort
Feeling of Safety
Figure 12
Overseas(Yes) Jamaica(No)
16. 13 | P a g e
Interpretation and Analysis
The research was carried out to investigate unemployment specifically my community
with a correlation of Jamaica inclusive. My community is situated in the suburbs and is slowly
growing economically due to the introduction of new infrastructure, communities and public
buildings. The questionnaires were used to try to find out each person’s main information (like
that of an application form) eg. qualification, also their thoughts on unemployment as a whole
were interrogated. results were tallied up as a rough work and were represented in various forms
namely, charts and graphs.
Twenty of my neigbours were given questionnaires. There were 8 men and 12 women. Because
of the topic being unemployment, I tried to issue most of the questionnaires to the unemployed in
order to observe common views. It was found that out of the 12 unemployed, 75% of them were
females and men were the 25%. The common perception of Jamaicans that women should do
house duties while the men should go out and would have more than likely influenced the
results.
In analyzing the unemployed on the basis of ages it was found that 50% of unemployed in
my community would be considered as youth. In many economies, youth unemployment is the
most prevalent. The overall rate of unemployment is 12.7% but unemployment among the youth
is 24.5%(both based off of STATIN). Youth unemployment is higher than the national average
for several reasons: persons leaving school would lack the experience which is required to
perform almost any job. It should be noted that whenever a job is advertised a minimum amount
of years of working experience is usually sought, this will stand in the way of youth. Persons just
leaving school would essentially have CXC/CSEC qualifications and a few would have CAPE
qualifications. Most of the students with CAPE certification would go to tertiary institution while
17. 14 | P a g e
the CSEC student would seek a job. When the rate of unemployment is high, the supply of
labour is greater than the demand leaving the employer to choose the best of the crop. The youths
are likely to lack the discipline to sit one place and work for 8 hours. This is something they
would have to learn overtime. Many employers would lack the will to employ these persons and
train them. The marginal productivity of the youths could be very low, and they should be paid
low wages to reflect their low marginal productivity. However, the youths aren’t likely to accept
these low wages. This result is followed by 25% which ranges from ages 25-35. These would be
considered as young adults. This was followed by another 25% which ranges from 36+.These are
persons who would be with experience and would usually be in managerial capacity and would
earn a level of higher income, however this isn’t the case among these people.
Employers have a preference for the traditional high school since many of them would have been
“old boys” from schools such as Wolmer’s Boys School, Jamaica College, St.George’s College,
etc. Some requiring technical skills would employ students from the technical, whilst students
from the non-traditional schools will be at a disadvantage. Relative to the unemployed
population, 58.3% attended non-traditional schools,25% attended technical schools, and 16.67%
attended traditional high schools. While, results from the employed population showed that 25%
attended non-traditional, while a total of 37.5% attended technical and traditional high schools
respectively. From this we can see that it is more likely for a graduate from a traditional or
technical high school to be employed than a graduate from a non-traditional high school.
The higher the level of education, the more likely it is for someone to be employed or the less
likely it is to be unemployed. Fewer persons will receive higher level of education such as
Degrees and more persons having a lower level of education such as secondary graduate and
primary graduate. A total of 10% of the respondents have a university degree. Another 15%
18. 15 | P a g e
possessed diplomas. Another 15% possessed a primary education. The prevalent response was
“Other” which was 40% of the respodents hence these people had little or no education.
A total of 60% of the respondents claim that they are unemployed. It is very unlikely that they
know the correct definition for unemployment and may have been placed in other categories
such as not a part of the labour force. The remaining 40% is employed.
There are several types of unemployment such as seasonal, search, real wage, frictional and
structural. However, the majority of the unemployed in my community can be described as
seasonal, structural and frictional. The seasonally unemployed represents 33.33% of the
respondents. Many persons in the community work on new infrastructure being built around the
community like plazas, and other communities for eg. Jacaranda and The Orchards. Hence, these
construction men are only employed at this time. Additionally, is the sugar plantation which once
surrounded the community, now just nearby due to new infrastructure taking up several parts of
the plantation. This industry has two clearly defined seasons: 1. A harvest season where cane is
reaped and manufactured into sugar. During this season several persons are employed, both
skilled and unskilled workers. 2. During the dull season there is no reaping of canes nor
manufacturing of sugar and only a small fraction of skilled technical labor will be employed to
maintain and repair the machines for the next crop. The 25% of the frictionally unemployed in
White Water Meadows can be due to the students of this designated area would particularly
attend Inswood High, St. Jago High and St. Catherine High, among others. When they graduate,
some will be seeking jobs for the first term. They would suffer from a temporary type of
unemployment known as frictional unemployment. Persons in the community would have quit
their jobs and others would have been fired, the time it takes to find a new job would render them
temporarily unemployed. This type of unemployment is known a Frictional Unemployment.
19. 16 | P a g e
Respectively, the other 25% is structural unemployment. The introduction of the combined
harvester has been employed to cut the canes and to load the cane into trucks or tractors. All
these activities were carried out manually. The introduction of the new technology in the form of
the combined harvester would have led to a substantial loss of jobs known as job destruction.
This type of unemployment brought about by a change in technology is a type of structural
unemployment. For e.g. A number of big buses were being manufactured in Jamaica however
the demand for these buses have decreased due to the introduction of the coaster buses and taxis.
Persons who used to be employed in the community building these buses would have lost their
jobs. This type of unemployment arising from a change in demand is known as Structural
Unemployment.
The lowest types of unemployment faced in my community were Real Wage and Search, each
having 8.33% of the population of the respondents. These respondents who denied their first job
and is looking for a better paying or more convenient job is said to be facing Search
Unemployment. Whilst the other 8.33% was surplus labour who are now unemployed. Hence,
due to raising of the equilibrium wage rate, there is no less demand for these workers.
Unemployment leads to several adverse consequences, one of which is a low living standard and
a poor quality of life. This accounts for 83.33% of the unemployed. Standard of living which
evaluates the following factors: income, GDP, inflation rate, poverty and economic growth.
Quality of life would go together in this case; hence these people were not highly satisfied with
their general being. Hence, they will be unable to provide for themselves and their families and
they are not satisfied with their wellbeing. The problem becomes worse when these persons have
many dependents. However, it is important to know that the actual GDP will be less than
potential GDP, this means goods and services that could have been produced to satisfy the
20. 17 | P a g e
consumers would have been forgone. This opportunity cost known as the dead weight loss of
unemployment, since output is decreasing, a recession will be the result. A total of 8.33% of the
unemployed cited family tensions. Since they’re unemployed, there is little or no income, hence
the family is not satisfied, there is always conflict and they are unable to pay rent, mortgage or
any other related bills. Another 8.33% cited Poor Health as the consequence of their
unemployment. For eg. A company provides wellness and health to its workers, however a
company laid off a few workers. The personnel who used to benefit a lot from this now have no
access to this health facility, and since is unemployed now has little income to to take care of
her/his health now.
When persons are unemployed for an extended period they are likely to accept lower ranges than
the equilibrium wage rate. In analyzation of the results the majority (50%) of the respondents
would settle for $15,000- $20,000 per month. This is normally the case when desperation hits as
they are practically just trying to survive. Following was 25% who would settle for $21,000-
$30,000, then 16.67% would settle for $31,000-$45,000. The remaining 8.33% would only settle
for $46,000+. It’s unlikely that these people are in severe need of income since they’re desired
minimum salary is relatively high.
When unemployment is occurring significantly, a spiral of beliefs and opinions is normally going
to be brought about. A total of 50% of the community’s population believes that the government
is not providing enough jobs for its employees. The remaining 50% believe the opposite.
However, many of these respondents aren’t aware that the government provides jobs only for the
civil servants and public-sector workers. Most of the jobs are supposed to be provided by the
private sector. However, many people see the government as a mammoth(huge) job creator.
21. 18 | P a g e
Many persons who are unemployed in Jamaica seek employment overseas. Many of our nurses
have been migrating as well as many of our teachers are going to U.S.A, U.K and Japan. A total
of 35% say they would go overseas and 65% says no.
Many persons migrate or seek employment abroad for various reasons. 40% of the respondents
have opted for a better salary, additionally since the currency is likely to have greater value on
the foreign exchange market, the respondents will be even more influenced. 30% find it more
convenient (suitable to their desire), meaning there are more jobs or opportunities suitable to
their career path and it’s likely to be advantageous. Another 20% mentioned security reasons.
These people will feel safe somewhere else and relative to unemployment is the result of a major
social problem; crime. Hence the feel less secure in Jamaica due to excessive crime. Another
10% cited better working conditions and comfort.
Research via other means includes newspaper articles which speak of unemployment of
Jamaica as a whole are used in comparison with my results to investigate my community. Based
on reports from STATIN (Statistical Institute of Jamaica) posted in The Jamaica Observer, the
nation's unemployment rate, for April 2017 was 12.2 %, representing a decrease of 1.5 % points
when compared to the rate of 13.7 % for April 2016. STATIN also said that unemployment for
males decreased from 9.6 % to 9.5 % while the rate for females decreased from 18.4% to 15.3%.
With relation to this, results from STATIN which were posted show a bar chart of the
unemployment rate from 2013(see Appendices). This portrays that in 2013 the unemployment
rate was approximately 16.4% has reached a minimum of 12.2% in 2017. By making a
hypothesis that more jobs were provided, more retraining programs and projects were
introduced, and the government has implemented the necessary policies well can support the
decrease in unemployment rate. In the Daily Gleaner it has been stated that employment is
22. 19 | P a g e
growing, however the unemployment situation is still a chronic issue. It also said real gross
domestic product (GDP) seems on target to grow by 1.7 per cent in fiscal year 2016-17, driven
by agriculture, construction and tourism, while inflation and the current account deficit remain
contained, supported by low oil prices. It is very evident that my community has grown. Firstly,
there has been the introduction of new infrastructure ie. roads (in 2013 the main road was of
appalling quality), secondly money supply has increased as there are new plazas and
communities nearby. By observing the research and information present you can see that
inflation is a very integral sector of unemployment. (See both articles and screenshot in
Appendices)
23. 20 | P a g e
Findings
The findings of the study are:
1. Youth unemployment was cited as the highest among the population.
2. A majority of the unemployed prefer to remain within the country and only 35% would
seek employment overseas and 65% would remain.
3. The type of unemployment that is most prevalent among adults is season unemployment
4. A total of 50% believe that the state is not providing enough jobs for the people of the
country. However, the state provides jobs for only the civil servants and the public sector.
Most of the jobs are provided by the private sector. The state is only a facilitator of job
creation.
5. Most of the graduates from traditional high schools and technical high schools will find
jobs. Unemployment should be highest among the graduates from non-traditional
graduates.
6. The majority attribute “poor living standard and poor quality of life” was the major cost
of unemployment.
24. 21 | P a g e
Conclusion
In completion of this School Based Assessment, I can splendidly say that all the
objectives/targets were met. Investigations otherwise were also made for e.g. Effects of
unemployment in my community. In my community, the main reason of unemployment was
seasonal unemployed based on the survey. The gender mostly unemployed was women and the
overall age was above 35 years old. The most suitable solution to decrease unemployment in my
community would be reflationary fiscal policy, as this comes with a variety of benefits. is when
the government increases government expenditure and reduces taxes. The government
expenditure can provide development projects providing jobs for unemployed and be spent on
retraining programs and job centres to give these unemployed new skills and traits, so they don’t
have to wait until their ‘season’ and can choose from other jobs from their ‘seasoned’ job. With
all this researched information, it can be settled that this investigation was successful.
25. 22 | P a g e
Recommendations
Unemployment is an issue encountered day-to-day by millions of people in every crevice
and corner of planet Earth. This issue leads on to more problems creating an infinite list.
Therefore, we need to imply solutions and measures to reduce it. These measures include:
Retraining Programs-Retraining will assist those who are experiencing structural unemployment.
This is will aid them because they will learn new skills resulting therefore making them more
employable
Government Projects-This includes the construction of new infrastructure to lure workers into
the area. This will reduce frictional unemployed who are geographically immobile
Job Centers and More Advertising of Available Jobs- This will reduce frictional and search
unemployment. This is so because it increases the awareness of unemployed and hence increases
the amount of jobs which needs a variety of skills and relative to search unemployment, this will
give these unemployed more opportunities for a better job.
Expansionary Fiscal Policy- When the government spends on projects they can reduce seasonal,
structural and cyclical unemployment by a vast extent. These workers start receiving a wage, part
of which is spent on goods and services, and so boosting aggregate demand. Secondly, when the
government grants to firms located in areas where there is a concentration of unemployed
persons it will reduce frictional unemployment
Expansionary Monetary Policy-The falling interest rates would cause firms and individuals to
spend more. This would increase aggregate demand which will trigger output to be increased and
so employ more workers
26. 23 | P a g e
Regulations and Agreements with Trade Unions-This will decrease the demands made to
increase the wage rate above the equilibrium wage rate will help to reduce real wage
unemployment
Establishment of Unemployment Agencies-This will inform people who are registered with this
agency when there is a possible job for them. This will reduce frictional unemployment, which in
this case is caused by a lack of information.
Strengthening the National Youth Service Program- When this is strengthened, youth
unemployment will inevitably decrease since young men and women as this will empower
youths, steer them towards national service(volunteerism) and to facilitate career development
eg. Work experience.
To encourage the apprenticeship program- This will give adults a chance to learn, train or
improve for a job that will do or plan to do in the future, which will help to reduce particularly
youth, frictional and season unemployment.
27. 24 | P a g e
References
Gopie, P. (2010). Economics for CSEC examinations. Oxford: Macmillan Education.
“Unemployment in Jamaica Still Chronic, Says IMF.” The Gleaner, 19 Apr. 2017.
“Unemployment Rate Decreases – STATIN Report.” Jamaica Observer, 18 Aug. 2017.
“Jamaica Unemployment Rate 1991-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast.” Trading
Economics. Statistical Institute of Jamaica, tradingeconomics.com/jamaica/unemploymet-
rate. Accessed 20 October 2017.
“Jamaica Youth Unemployment Rate 2012-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar.” Trading
Economics. Statistical Institute of Jamaica, tradingeconomics.com/jamaica/youth-
unemployment-rate. Accessed 10 March 2018
28. 25 | P a g e
Appendices
Questionnaire
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN MY COMMUNITY?
I will be conducting a survey to determine the causes of unemployment in my community. I am a
student of the Wolmer’s Boys School and this information is for my Student Based Assessment.
Please tick an answer for all questions askedbelow. The information will be kept
confidential.
1. What is your gender?
Male
female
2. In which age range do you fall?
18-25
26-35
36+
3. How many dependents (other than spouse) do you have?
0
1-2
2-4
Other
4. What type of school did you attend?
Non-Traditional
Technical
Traditional
5. What is the maximum level of education you received?
Degree
Diploma
Primary Graduate
Secondary Graduate
Other_________________
6. Are you unemployed?
Yes
No
7. If unemployed, what is the cause of your unemployment?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
29. 26 | P a g e
8. If unemployed, how are you affected being unemployed?
Poor Standard of Living / Poor Quality of Life (freedom, rights, happiness)
Poor Health
Housing/Family Tension
9. If you could be employed at the moment, what is the minimum salary you would work
for? (per month)
15,000 - 20,000
21,000 - 30,000
31,000 - 45,000
46,000 +
10. Do you think the government provides sufficient amount of jobs for Jamaican citizens?
Yes
No
11. Would you go overseas and seek a job if you got the chance?
Yes
No
12. Give reasons for your answer.
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
30. 27 | P a g e
Bar Chart Showing Unemployment Rate
*Hardcopies of the newspaper articles can’t be submitted therefore the references have to be
used for further insight*