This document discusses the author's personal philosophy of education. It begins by explaining the basic components of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. It then examines the philosophies of idealism and realism, noting how the author agrees with certain aspects of both. The author believes students should be the center of learning and that experiential learning is most effective. Their Christian worldview also influences their views on morality and the role of teachers in instilling values. The overall role of a teacher, according to the author, is to encourage learning, provide a safe environment, teach values, and prepare students for the future.
Introduction to Christian Philosophy: session 1a introductionRichard Chamberlain
The document provides an introduction to Christian philosophy. It discusses what philosophy is, including definitions from dictionaries and philosophers. Philosophy involves asking questions to understand fundamental topics like existence, knowledge, ethics, and beauty. It also explores different areas of philosophy, like metaphysics and epistemology. The document notes that everyone has a philosophy and worldview that influences how they understand life. It cites a Bible passage warning against philosophies not rooted in Christ.
Aristotle believed that education was essential for citizens and the state. He felt that education helped cultivate people's rationality and allowed them to determine right from wrong. Aristotle saw the universe as orderly and balanced, and felt that education created a balanced state by producing good citizens. Only citizens, and specifically men, were to be educated under Aristotle's views, as he believed women and slaves to be intellectually inferior.
The document summarizes some of the basic philosophical doctrines of Buddhism, such as momentariness, relative existence, no-self, no God, dependent origination, karma, and nirvana, and then discusses philosophical problems with each doctrine. Some of the key issues raised are that if nothing is enduring then the principles of identity, causality, and karma are problematic; and Buddha's refusal to characterize nirvana presents a non-answer to the nature of existence. Overall, the document evaluates Buddhism by analyzing philosophical inconsistencies within its core doctrines.
Idealism holds that the most basic unit of reality is conceptual rather than material. There are several types of idealism: subjective idealism views reality as constituted by consciousness and its contents; divine idealism sees reality as manifestations of God's mind; ontological idealism argues reality is made of ideas or concepts at its foundation; and epistemological idealism focuses on how the mind structures our understanding of reality. Idealism contrasts with materialism, which views the physical world as the only true reality and consciousness as a physical process in the brain.
Idealism is one of the four major philosophies that believes it is possible to live according to high standards of behavior and honesty. It is considered the oldest systematic philosophy in Western culture. According to idealism, reality is spiritual, moral, or mental and unchanging, while knowledge involves rethinking latent ideas and values are absolute and eternal. The teacher's role is to bring latent knowledge and ideas to students' consciousness, with an emphasis on recalling knowledge and ideas in the curriculum. There are several types of idealism, including subjective idealism which believes only the mind and ideas can be known, objective idealism which views the world as mind communicating with human minds, and transcendental idealism which views experience as representations rather
Idealism is a philosophical view that rejects physical reality and suggests that everything is constructed by the human mind or lacks material substance. It holds that ultimate reality is spiritual rather than physical. Idealists believe that ideas are more important than objects, and that the mind is central to understanding the world. They also emphasize spiritual development and values like truth, beauty, and goodness. The aims of education according to idealism include self-realization, spiritual development, cultivating spiritual values, conserving cultural heritage, and converting innate nature into a spiritual nature.
1. Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom and the rational attempt to understand fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
2. The main branches of philosophy are logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. Logic studies rules of reasoning. Metaphysics examines reality. Epistemology considers the nature and sources of knowledge. Value theory encompasses ethics, aesthetics, and social/political philosophy.
3. Ethics examines concepts of right and wrong through descriptive, normative, and metaethical approaches. Aesthetics concerns theories of art and beauty.
Introduction to Christian Philosophy: session 1a introductionRichard Chamberlain
The document provides an introduction to Christian philosophy. It discusses what philosophy is, including definitions from dictionaries and philosophers. Philosophy involves asking questions to understand fundamental topics like existence, knowledge, ethics, and beauty. It also explores different areas of philosophy, like metaphysics and epistemology. The document notes that everyone has a philosophy and worldview that influences how they understand life. It cites a Bible passage warning against philosophies not rooted in Christ.
Aristotle believed that education was essential for citizens and the state. He felt that education helped cultivate people's rationality and allowed them to determine right from wrong. Aristotle saw the universe as orderly and balanced, and felt that education created a balanced state by producing good citizens. Only citizens, and specifically men, were to be educated under Aristotle's views, as he believed women and slaves to be intellectually inferior.
The document summarizes some of the basic philosophical doctrines of Buddhism, such as momentariness, relative existence, no-self, no God, dependent origination, karma, and nirvana, and then discusses philosophical problems with each doctrine. Some of the key issues raised are that if nothing is enduring then the principles of identity, causality, and karma are problematic; and Buddha's refusal to characterize nirvana presents a non-answer to the nature of existence. Overall, the document evaluates Buddhism by analyzing philosophical inconsistencies within its core doctrines.
Idealism holds that the most basic unit of reality is conceptual rather than material. There are several types of idealism: subjective idealism views reality as constituted by consciousness and its contents; divine idealism sees reality as manifestations of God's mind; ontological idealism argues reality is made of ideas or concepts at its foundation; and epistemological idealism focuses on how the mind structures our understanding of reality. Idealism contrasts with materialism, which views the physical world as the only true reality and consciousness as a physical process in the brain.
Idealism is one of the four major philosophies that believes it is possible to live according to high standards of behavior and honesty. It is considered the oldest systematic philosophy in Western culture. According to idealism, reality is spiritual, moral, or mental and unchanging, while knowledge involves rethinking latent ideas and values are absolute and eternal. The teacher's role is to bring latent knowledge and ideas to students' consciousness, with an emphasis on recalling knowledge and ideas in the curriculum. There are several types of idealism, including subjective idealism which believes only the mind and ideas can be known, objective idealism which views the world as mind communicating with human minds, and transcendental idealism which views experience as representations rather
Idealism is a philosophical view that rejects physical reality and suggests that everything is constructed by the human mind or lacks material substance. It holds that ultimate reality is spiritual rather than physical. Idealists believe that ideas are more important than objects, and that the mind is central to understanding the world. They also emphasize spiritual development and values like truth, beauty, and goodness. The aims of education according to idealism include self-realization, spiritual development, cultivating spiritual values, conserving cultural heritage, and converting innate nature into a spiritual nature.
1. Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom and the rational attempt to understand fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
2. The main branches of philosophy are logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. Logic studies rules of reasoning. Metaphysics examines reality. Epistemology considers the nature and sources of knowledge. Value theory encompasses ethics, aesthetics, and social/political philosophy.
3. Ethics examines concepts of right and wrong through descriptive, normative, and metaethical approaches. Aesthetics concerns theories of art and beauty.
Idealism holds that ideas or mind are the ultimate reality. It emphasizes that knowledge is obtained through reasoning and speculation rather than observation alone. Several philosophers contributed to the development of idealism, including Plato, who believed knowledge comes from recollection of innate ideas, and Kant, who saw the mind as giving meaning to the world. Idealism views education as developing students' abilities and character to serve society by focusing on subjects of the mind through discussion and questioning.
Buddhism presents several philosophical problems according to the document. It asserts that nothing exists for any length of time and there is no enduring essence or self. However, this contradicts human intuition about time and the self. If there is no self, it is unclear what attains enlightenment. Additionally, dependent origination and karma are problematic without a substance they can act on. Finally, Buddha provided no clear description of nirvana, the ultimate goal.
Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is derived from the Greek words "philia" meaning love and "sophia" meaning wisdom. Philosophy involves asking fundamental questions about human thought, knowledge, existence, and reality. It aims to understand the meaning and purpose of life through reasoning. Some key philosophers mentioned include Aristotle, Thales, Empedocles, Democritus, and Heraclitus. Philosophy can be studied both formally as an academic discipline involving fields like ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics, and informally as a personal philosophy to resolve existential questions about the human condition.
Formal axiology focuses on concepts of values and value. It aims to provide a framework to connect moral philosophy to the study of axiology. This allows for sorting out the value of different disciplines and distinguishing between them. Meta-ethics examines second-order questions about issues, while normative ethics examines first-order questions. Considering both meta-ethical and normative ethical perspectives is important to fully understand issues and potentially find solutions without losing the original essence or meaning. Research in axiology should consider individuals' values and avoid biases to strengthen outcomes.
This document outlines four major philosophical schools of thought in education: idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. It provides brief descriptions of the key philosophers and beliefs underlying each approach. Idealism focuses on ideas and values, realism believes in objective reality, pragmatism emphasizes problem-solving and experience, and existentialism sees individual perception as reality. The purpose is to present the major tenets of these philosophical perspectives as they relate to educational practice and curriculum.
Idealism holds that reality is fundamentally mental or immaterial. It rejects the idea of physical reality and suggests that everything is constructed by the human mind or lacks material substance. For Descartes, idealism centers on the primacy of the self - knowledge of oneself is certain, the self must be the starting point of thought, and our idea of God comes from human experience. Idealism also asserts that the non-material or spiritual is primary over the material.
This document summarizes key concepts in epistemology, the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of knowledge. It outlines two main traditions - rationalism, which holds that knowledge comes from reason alone, and empiricism, which asserts knowledge comes from sensory experience. Rationalism is exemplified by Plato and Descartes and emphasizes innate ideas. Empiricism is associated with philosophers like John Locke and the idea of tabula rasa, that the mind starts blank and knowledge comes through the senses. The document also briefly introduces pragmatism as a third approach that evaluates concepts based on their practical consequences.
This document discusses scientific philosophy, including ontology, epistemology, and axiology. It defines key terms like axiology, which is the theory of value related to the use of knowledge. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge and how knowledge is gained. Ontology examines the nature of existence and reality. The document also discusses philosophical trends like rationalism, which believes true knowledge comes from reason, and empiricism, which believes knowledge comes from sensory experience.
Rationalism is a philosophical view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. It encompasses the idea that reality has an inherent logical structure that can be understood through reason and deduction. Three key rationalist philosophers during the Renaissance were Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler, who argued that understanding the world through logic and reasoning was superior to ancient traditions. Rationalists believed that some ideas, like mathematical truths, are true independent of experience and may be innate or discovered through reason alone.
Monism is the philosophy that there is only one fundamental substance or nature in the universe. There are two types of monism - one where only the physical is fundamental (physicalism/materialism) and one where only the mind is fundamental (idealism). Idealism asserts that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual rather than physical. It holds that the world and objects can only be known through ideas, and that ultimately reality is in the mind. Occasionalism is the view that events are directly caused by God rather than physical causes, and God mediates all interaction between mind and body. Subjectivism is the belief that our mental experiences are the only certain facts and there is no objective truth independent of the mind.
This document discusses different philosophical views on the concept of happiness. It examines happiness as a state of mind, an evaluation of one's life experiences, and union with God. Philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Epicurus provided views on achieving happiness through living virtuously and controlling desires. Later philosophers defined elements of happiness as contentment, welfare, and dignity. The document suggests that according to philosophers, one can live a happy life by planning activities, setting life goals, determining one's role in society, and engaging in public service.
The document discusses Buddhist culture and the importance of developing a balanced personality according to Buddhist principles. It states that practicing the Five Precepts, developing good habits like kindness and compassion, and engaging in regular self-reflection can help one become a cultured, well-adjusted Buddhist and member of society. A balanced Buddhist understands that craving leads to suffering and maintains detachment from worldly things while observing the precepts to preserve well-being.
This document discusses several topics in philosophy including methodology, epistemology, ontology regarding body and mind, freedom of will, axiology regarding ethics and values, and idealism vs realism. It addresses sources of knowledge such as rationalism vs empiricism. Regarding body and mind, it examines monism, dualism, and various dualist positions including substance dualism, epiphenomenalism, occasionalism, and parallelism.
This document contains summaries of several key branches of philosophy including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, aesthetics, and education. Metaphysics is the study of existence and reality. Epistemology is the study of knowledge and how it is acquired. Ethics examines concepts of right and wrong action. Politics applies ethics to social groups. Aesthetics explores the nature and purpose of art. The quotes on education emphasize the importance of developing judgment, virtue, and wisdom through education rather than just accumulating knowledge.
This document discusses the concept and meaning of philosophy. It defines philosophy etymologically as the love of wisdom. A philosopher is described as someone with a curiosity to learn about various topics. The document outlines the specific, wider, and various scholarly definitions of philosophy. It discusses philosophy as a mental activity, way of life, and science. Key characteristics of philosophy include its search for truth and principles through conceptual inquiry. The functions of philosophy are establishing norms, speculative thinking, and critical analysis.
Is Philosophy the Biggest Threat to Islam? 1 of 9jkninstitute
What is covered:-
What is philosophy?
Why study philosophy?
Meaning and definition
Objectives and Modern Day Implications
An understanding of the relevance of philosophy today and its relationship with Islam
This document summarizes the speculations of medieval Christian scholars known as Schoolmen. It discusses their major approaches including Realism, Moderate Realism, and Nominalism. The Schoolmen sought to systematically organize religious truths through rational processes like Aristotelian logic and establish relationships between general principles and specific facts. Their work had a major influence on medieval Christian theology and spirituality.
- The document discusses various philosophical perspectives on concepts like essence, belief, truth, and origin. It explores how these concepts are defined and how our understanding of them evolves over time.
- Culture and history play a key role in shaping our beliefs, and deconstructing existing beliefs is important to discover absolute truths.
- The pursuit of truth and understanding our own essence should be a guiding principle in life, though truth can be difficult to determine and is often culturally defined.
This document compares and contrasts idealism and realism. It discusses:
1) Idealism, established by Plato, asserts that matter does not exist and reality consists exclusively of ideas constructed by the human mind.
2) Realism, established by Aristotle, claims that objects outside the mind have independent existence regardless of human perception.
3) The document argues against idealism by claiming that if an idealist philosopher was falling from a plane without a parachute fastened, they would have to acknowledge physical reality to survive, and that Darwin's theory of evolution shows reality existed before the human mind evolved to contemplate it.
Encuesta refleja que hay mayor conocimiento sobre las drogas, por sobre el co...Economis
La Subsecretaría de Prevención de Adicciones y Control de Drogas, dependiente del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Misiones, dio a conocer los resultados finales de la encuesta realizada en distintos lugares de la ciudad de Posadas, con el objetivo de conocer el grado de información de los ciudadanos sobre el consumo de las drogas, el alcohol y los medicamentos.
Idealism holds that ideas or mind are the ultimate reality. It emphasizes that knowledge is obtained through reasoning and speculation rather than observation alone. Several philosophers contributed to the development of idealism, including Plato, who believed knowledge comes from recollection of innate ideas, and Kant, who saw the mind as giving meaning to the world. Idealism views education as developing students' abilities and character to serve society by focusing on subjects of the mind through discussion and questioning.
Buddhism presents several philosophical problems according to the document. It asserts that nothing exists for any length of time and there is no enduring essence or self. However, this contradicts human intuition about time and the self. If there is no self, it is unclear what attains enlightenment. Additionally, dependent origination and karma are problematic without a substance they can act on. Finally, Buddha provided no clear description of nirvana, the ultimate goal.
Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is derived from the Greek words "philia" meaning love and "sophia" meaning wisdom. Philosophy involves asking fundamental questions about human thought, knowledge, existence, and reality. It aims to understand the meaning and purpose of life through reasoning. Some key philosophers mentioned include Aristotle, Thales, Empedocles, Democritus, and Heraclitus. Philosophy can be studied both formally as an academic discipline involving fields like ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics, and informally as a personal philosophy to resolve existential questions about the human condition.
Formal axiology focuses on concepts of values and value. It aims to provide a framework to connect moral philosophy to the study of axiology. This allows for sorting out the value of different disciplines and distinguishing between them. Meta-ethics examines second-order questions about issues, while normative ethics examines first-order questions. Considering both meta-ethical and normative ethical perspectives is important to fully understand issues and potentially find solutions without losing the original essence or meaning. Research in axiology should consider individuals' values and avoid biases to strengthen outcomes.
This document outlines four major philosophical schools of thought in education: idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. It provides brief descriptions of the key philosophers and beliefs underlying each approach. Idealism focuses on ideas and values, realism believes in objective reality, pragmatism emphasizes problem-solving and experience, and existentialism sees individual perception as reality. The purpose is to present the major tenets of these philosophical perspectives as they relate to educational practice and curriculum.
Idealism holds that reality is fundamentally mental or immaterial. It rejects the idea of physical reality and suggests that everything is constructed by the human mind or lacks material substance. For Descartes, idealism centers on the primacy of the self - knowledge of oneself is certain, the self must be the starting point of thought, and our idea of God comes from human experience. Idealism also asserts that the non-material or spiritual is primary over the material.
This document summarizes key concepts in epistemology, the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of knowledge. It outlines two main traditions - rationalism, which holds that knowledge comes from reason alone, and empiricism, which asserts knowledge comes from sensory experience. Rationalism is exemplified by Plato and Descartes and emphasizes innate ideas. Empiricism is associated with philosophers like John Locke and the idea of tabula rasa, that the mind starts blank and knowledge comes through the senses. The document also briefly introduces pragmatism as a third approach that evaluates concepts based on their practical consequences.
This document discusses scientific philosophy, including ontology, epistemology, and axiology. It defines key terms like axiology, which is the theory of value related to the use of knowledge. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge and how knowledge is gained. Ontology examines the nature of existence and reality. The document also discusses philosophical trends like rationalism, which believes true knowledge comes from reason, and empiricism, which believes knowledge comes from sensory experience.
Rationalism is a philosophical view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. It encompasses the idea that reality has an inherent logical structure that can be understood through reason and deduction. Three key rationalist philosophers during the Renaissance were Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler, who argued that understanding the world through logic and reasoning was superior to ancient traditions. Rationalists believed that some ideas, like mathematical truths, are true independent of experience and may be innate or discovered through reason alone.
Monism is the philosophy that there is only one fundamental substance or nature in the universe. There are two types of monism - one where only the physical is fundamental (physicalism/materialism) and one where only the mind is fundamental (idealism). Idealism asserts that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual rather than physical. It holds that the world and objects can only be known through ideas, and that ultimately reality is in the mind. Occasionalism is the view that events are directly caused by God rather than physical causes, and God mediates all interaction between mind and body. Subjectivism is the belief that our mental experiences are the only certain facts and there is no objective truth independent of the mind.
This document discusses different philosophical views on the concept of happiness. It examines happiness as a state of mind, an evaluation of one's life experiences, and union with God. Philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Epicurus provided views on achieving happiness through living virtuously and controlling desires. Later philosophers defined elements of happiness as contentment, welfare, and dignity. The document suggests that according to philosophers, one can live a happy life by planning activities, setting life goals, determining one's role in society, and engaging in public service.
The document discusses Buddhist culture and the importance of developing a balanced personality according to Buddhist principles. It states that practicing the Five Precepts, developing good habits like kindness and compassion, and engaging in regular self-reflection can help one become a cultured, well-adjusted Buddhist and member of society. A balanced Buddhist understands that craving leads to suffering and maintains detachment from worldly things while observing the precepts to preserve well-being.
This document discusses several topics in philosophy including methodology, epistemology, ontology regarding body and mind, freedom of will, axiology regarding ethics and values, and idealism vs realism. It addresses sources of knowledge such as rationalism vs empiricism. Regarding body and mind, it examines monism, dualism, and various dualist positions including substance dualism, epiphenomenalism, occasionalism, and parallelism.
This document contains summaries of several key branches of philosophy including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, aesthetics, and education. Metaphysics is the study of existence and reality. Epistemology is the study of knowledge and how it is acquired. Ethics examines concepts of right and wrong action. Politics applies ethics to social groups. Aesthetics explores the nature and purpose of art. The quotes on education emphasize the importance of developing judgment, virtue, and wisdom through education rather than just accumulating knowledge.
This document discusses the concept and meaning of philosophy. It defines philosophy etymologically as the love of wisdom. A philosopher is described as someone with a curiosity to learn about various topics. The document outlines the specific, wider, and various scholarly definitions of philosophy. It discusses philosophy as a mental activity, way of life, and science. Key characteristics of philosophy include its search for truth and principles through conceptual inquiry. The functions of philosophy are establishing norms, speculative thinking, and critical analysis.
Is Philosophy the Biggest Threat to Islam? 1 of 9jkninstitute
What is covered:-
What is philosophy?
Why study philosophy?
Meaning and definition
Objectives and Modern Day Implications
An understanding of the relevance of philosophy today and its relationship with Islam
This document summarizes the speculations of medieval Christian scholars known as Schoolmen. It discusses their major approaches including Realism, Moderate Realism, and Nominalism. The Schoolmen sought to systematically organize religious truths through rational processes like Aristotelian logic and establish relationships between general principles and specific facts. Their work had a major influence on medieval Christian theology and spirituality.
- The document discusses various philosophical perspectives on concepts like essence, belief, truth, and origin. It explores how these concepts are defined and how our understanding of them evolves over time.
- Culture and history play a key role in shaping our beliefs, and deconstructing existing beliefs is important to discover absolute truths.
- The pursuit of truth and understanding our own essence should be a guiding principle in life, though truth can be difficult to determine and is often culturally defined.
This document compares and contrasts idealism and realism. It discusses:
1) Idealism, established by Plato, asserts that matter does not exist and reality consists exclusively of ideas constructed by the human mind.
2) Realism, established by Aristotle, claims that objects outside the mind have independent existence regardless of human perception.
3) The document argues against idealism by claiming that if an idealist philosopher was falling from a plane without a parachute fastened, they would have to acknowledge physical reality to survive, and that Darwin's theory of evolution shows reality existed before the human mind evolved to contemplate it.
Encuesta refleja que hay mayor conocimiento sobre las drogas, por sobre el co...Economis
La Subsecretaría de Prevención de Adicciones y Control de Drogas, dependiente del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Misiones, dio a conocer los resultados finales de la encuesta realizada en distintos lugares de la ciudad de Posadas, con el objetivo de conocer el grado de información de los ciudadanos sobre el consumo de las drogas, el alcohol y los medicamentos.
Increasing ROI Through In-App Engagement | Insert.io at AppsWorldinsertio
In-app engagement is crucial for your business, and app users have come to expect personalized and contextual experiences. This presentation was given by Insert's VP Global Sales, Nathan Golan, at AppsWorld London 2016.
Learn more about Insert at www.insert.io
- Traffic jams in Japan are increasing due to rising vehicle numbers on highways. This causes economic losses and increased carbon emissions.
- Short term solutions proposed include promoting cruise control and GPS announcements of traffic jams. Long term goals are automatic driving cars and increasing road capacity.
- Automatic driving holds potential to significantly reduce traffic jams by optimizing traffic flow. However, it will take time to develop and crashes could involve multiple vehicles. Increased road capacity also helps traffic but requires significant construction costs and land.
This CCTV inspection report summarizes the findings of a sewer line inspection conducted at 140A Chester Road in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham. The 18.7 meter vitrified clay sewer line showed no defects and deviated to the right at 4.44 meters according to the inspection. No rehabilitation was necessary based on the inspection results.
this presentation gives insight into the recent controversies of HPV vaccine, in a VAST country like India mass vaccination at minimal cost may be the only way to tackle killer cancer cervix
Earth quakes in pakistan A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Exp...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 struck parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan on October 26, 2015. The quake was centered in a remote area of Afghanistan but caused significant damage in northern Pakistan, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. As of October 29, the death toll had risen to 272 people according to Pakistani authorities, with over 1,900 injured. The earthquake damaged buildings and infrastructure across northern Pakistan, with residents and emergency responders working to treat the injured and recover from the destruction.
The document discusses the philosophy of idealism and its implications for education. It defines idealism as the belief that ideas rather than material things comprise reality. The key principles of idealism are that there are spiritual and material worlds, ideas are more important than objects, and the aim of education is the development of students' moral character and abilities to serve society. In education, idealism emphasizes subjects that develop the mind, like literature and philosophy. It also values teachers as spiritual guides who bring out students' latent ideas and moral development through role models.
This document discusses traditional philosophies of education, including idealism and realism. Idealism believes that ideas are the true reality and education should focus on self-realization, cultural preservation, and developing morality. Realism views the physical world as reality and believes education should equip students with skills to understand and master their environment through subjects that teach about the world. Both philosophies discuss their views on the aims, roles of teachers/students, curriculum, and methods of education.
This document discusses perspectives in education and educational philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy and explaining how philosophers think about meaning and interpretation. It then outlines four major educational philosophies: Perennialism, which focuses on teaching enduring ideas and cultivating the intellect; Essentialism, which emphasizes transmitting a core body of knowledge; Progressivism, which emphasizes learning through experience and the interests of the student; and Reconstructionism/Critical Theory, which focuses on social reform and addressing real problems. The document also discusses related theories of learning, including Information Processing, Behaviorism, Constructivism, and Humanism. Each provides a different perspective on how learning occurs.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATION PREPARED BY SAUD K. KAMAD.pptxSaudKKamad
This document provides an overview of philosophical perspectives in education. It defines four main branches of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and four world philosophies of idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. For each branch and philosophy, examples are given of how they relate to and can influence education, including perspectives on the nature of knowledge, reality, morality, and teaching methods. The document aims to help students understand different educational philosophies.
Idealism and Realism Term Paper 1 final.docxEddielyOlvido1
Idealism and realism are opposing philosophical views that have different implications for education. Idealism promotes spiritual development and views the teacher as a spiritual guide. Realism focuses on objective facts from the external world and sees the teacher as the authority. Both influence the aims and practices of education, with idealism emphasizing intellectual and moral growth and realism preparing students for the practical world.
This document summarizes the major philosophical perspectives in education. It discusses idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, progressivism, existentialism, essentialism, perennialism, social reconstructionism, and critical theory. It provides an overview of each perspective, including a discussion of Plato's idealism and the influence of the Sophists. The purpose is to help readers classify, analyze, and apply these perspectives to examine their own philosophies of leadership and teaching.
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2. PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION 2
Just about every adult in America has been taught by a teacher at some point.
These teachers can have a negative or positive influence on the lives of there students,
ultimately affecting the outcome of future adults. Part of what kind of influence they have
stems from the philosophy they apply to their teaching.
The acronym MEAL stands for metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic.
These are the basic founding blocks of philosophy. They are not philosophies in and of
themselves, but rather they are within every philosophy. The first one, metaphysics, deals
with the world around us—both spiritual and physical. Broken down it literally means
“after nature.” Metaphysics can especially be seen in philosophy through idealism and
realism—one believes that the physical world is based on individual perception and is
very spiritual while the other believes that the material world is real and does not usually
believe in spirituality. The second aspect of philosophy, epistemology, concerns the idea
of knowledge. How do we know? Where does knowledge come from? Some say nothing
can be known for sure. As Christians we say our knowledge comes from God who has
enabled us with the capacity of knowledge. This “heavenly knowledge” is even
mentioned in James 1:17 (NIV) when he says, “But the wisdom that comes from
heaven is first of all pure; then peace loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and
good fruit, impartial and sincere.” The third component of philosophy is axiology, which
covers two matters—morals and aesthetics. Aesthetics asks the questions “what has
beauty?” and “who determines it?” This then brings up the question of “can artists be
considered philosophers? We see this in our daily lives. One girl may think a guy is
handsome and two others may disagree. It comes down to the saying “beauty is in the
eyes of the beholder.” Though it does not answer the question of beauty, Paul simply put
3. PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION 3
it this way, “Finally, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is
right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is
excellent or praiseworthy—think about such things” (Philippians 4:8). Axiology also then
asks, “What is ethics?” “Who determines what’s right and wrong?” and “Are ethics
relative or absolute?” This more than any other, seems to be a dominant theme
throughout our society, no matter our religion, worldview, or philosophy. The question of
ethics touches every single human being. Even Socrates said, “We are discussing no
small matter, but how we ought to live.” Both of these, aesthetics and ethics, come
together and make axiology. The final part is not so much a part of philosophy, instead it
is the way we discuss philosophy. Logic structures the way we argue/discuss. Logic
brings level headedness to a discussion when we have differing philosophies.
Out of the RIPE philosophies, the two that would fit my personal philosophy best
are idealism and realism. This may seem quite contradictory, but that is merely because I
believe in some of both and disagree with some of both. The other two (pragmatism and
existentialism), however, I completely disagree with. Realism and idealism do differ
quite significantly. In metaphysics, realism believes that the whole material world is real,
composed of matter, and independent of the mind while idealism believes that the
material world doesn’t exist and is only something that our mind perceives. In
epistemology, realism states that humans know through senses and reason and that
children are born with a blank slate (education is meant to fill that slate) while idealism
says that all ideas are latent but not evident (existing in the mind but not yet discovered).
(Teachers are to bring out these ideas, then). And finally, realism claims that behavior
should be rational, we must take responsibility for our actions, art should depict real life
4. PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION 4
as accurately as possible, and, most importantly that values are man-made and subjective.
Idealism, on the other hand, considers morals to be the only absolute thing in life is
morals and use religion as a moral code. Sin, also for them, is not inborn but simply
caused by ignorance. Clearly, they differ quite significantly. Nonetheless, I still hold that
they are both right and wrong. First, I would agree with the realist metaphysics that the
physical world is real whether we perceive it or not. I understand where the idealists
come from in saying that just because we perceive it, doesn’t mean it’s real. However, I
would say that some of the most basic things (i.e. trees, grass, rocks, people) are most
certainly real. Other things (illusions) are harder to determine, but with knowledge of
them, their cause, etc., one can learn to differentiate between the two. As for
epistemology, I would disagree with realists that children are born with a blank slate. As
mentioned before, the bible says that our knowledge comes from above. Therefore, I
would agree with the idealists that people have the knowledge/ideas already there; they
simply must be made aware of them. Lastly, I would agree with the realists that we are
responsible for our own behavior, not some external force. Though our environment may
push us towards a behavior, we are still in control of our actions, and must accept
responsibility for them. As far as aesthetics go, I tend to prefer art/literature that portrays
life as realistically as possible, just as the realists do. However, I would not say that
abstract art doesn’t have value simply because I don’t find it as attractive. Nonetheless,
when it comes to values, I would definitely side with the idealists. Even the Christian
worldview has a tendency toward the idealist idea that morals are absolute. Some values
are situational, but for the most part, they are absolute. Christianity would also disagree
that sin is based in a lack of knowledge rather than an inborn sin nature.
5. PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION 5
These philosophies, as well as the other major philosophies can be translated into
educational philosophies. In searching for the educational philosophy that best fits me, I
found that I favored all of the student-based philosophies—none more than the other. I
strongly believe that students should the center of learning, not the teacher. Students are
better able to learn when it is something they are actually interested in. I also believe it is
important for students to learn based on experience. Studies have shown that knowledge
will stick longer through direct application rather than through hearing or reading. While
all three learning styles are important to include, hands-on can have some of the best
results. I believe students would have greater interest in learning when they know they
direct it. Despite my belief in student-directed education, I would not completely get rid
of the teacher’s influence. The basic subjects (science, reading, history, math) are still
very important to children up to a certain level, whether or not the child wants to learn
about it. The key is to figure out a way to get it into them and still make it enjoyable.
My Christian worldview can greatly affect the way I teach my students later in
life. I believe in God and that he is directly involved in our lives here on earth. He has
created a world for us to live in filled with people that are equally important in his eyes.
When he created us, he gave us the ability to know and determine morality, as well as a
set of rules (in the Bible) to help clear up those moral laws. He has created heaven and
hell, one of which we will go to after death. While we are living, however, we are to learn
from those before us and constantly strive to help and better our fellow man, living an
unselfish lifestyle. We also strive to stick to the moral law He has set for us as that will
please Him and help us get along better with our fellow man. Teaching from this
6. PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION 6
worldview, I would strive to instill good morals in my students and, if I were in a private
institution, also aim to teach the same views to my students.
My role as a teacher would be like any other. The teacher is there not only to
provide an education. The teacher, as well as the school overall, is there to encourage a
love for learning, provide a safe environment mentally, physically, and emotionally, to
instill morals/values, and to prepare students for the future.
Overall, a teacher plays a pivotal role in a child’s life that can carry them all the
way to adulthood. This is strongly affected by the philosophy they bring to their teaching.
When I go to teach, I will keep this in mind and always aim to fulfill the role of the
teacher.