Philosophy is relevant to all academic disciplines and human activities. It cultivates critical thinking, conceptual clarity, justification of beliefs, and a comprehensive view of reality. A philosopher employs creative problem solving and has epistemic awareness to see beyond surface level issues. While everyone engages in philosophy on a basic level, an academic study of philosophy develops higher-order skills like questioning assumptions, thinking rigorously, and understanding diverse perspectives.
This document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It defines philosophy as the study of fundamental problems and principles through reason rather than empirical means. The key branches of philosophy are described as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics. Examples of influential philosophers are provided for each branch, such as Plato for metaphysics, Socrates for ethics, and Aristotle for logic. The document aims to help readers understand the importance and role of philosophy through both its historical foundations and application across different domains of knowledge.
This document provides an introduction to philosophy and its branches. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of ultimate causes and principles through reason. The main branches of philosophy are outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics. Metaphysics considers ultimate reality, ethics examines morality, epistemology studies knowledge, logic analyzes reasoning, and aesthetics considers beauty. The document encourages the study of philosophy for attaining a comprehensive outlook in life and stresses its importance in the age of globalization.
This document discusses the meaning and importance of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and the pursuit of truth. It explores the origins and evolving definitions of philosophy over time. The document then outlines several reasons why philosophy is important, including that it enables clear thinking about important issues, sharpens analytical abilities, and prompts thinking across disciplines. It emphasizes that studying philosophy helps with personal development by giving a unique perspective and intellectual freedom from biases. The most important reason given for studying philosophy is that it transforms one's mind by considering basic questions about reality and existence.
Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom and refers to the human desire to gain knowledge and apply it correctly. It involves studying fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Some basic philosophical questions humans have sought to answer include the origin of the universe, existence of God, the meaning of life, and the problem of suffering. Philosophy is highly personal and relative as different philosophers have their own understandings and explanations of its nature.
CHAPTER ONE & TWO LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY.pptxBarentuShemsu
This document provides an introduction to philosophy by outlining some of its key concepts and fields. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and noting that philosophy deals primarily with fundamental issues rather than having a single subject matter. The document then outlines some of philosophy's major fields, including metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. For each field, it provides brief definitions and examples of the types of questions addressed. The document emphasizes that philosophy is an activity that encourages critical examination and reflection on life and reality.
Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is the study of fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy aims to understand and answer fundamental questions through rational analysis and criticism of beliefs. The main branches of philosophy are logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. Logic studies rules of reasoning. Metaphysics examines the nature of reality. Epistemology analyzes the origins, nature, and validity of knowledge. Value theory encompasses ethics, aesthetics, and social/political philosophy regarding morality, art, and society.
In what way can you change or improve your behavior so that you will be better able to uphold human freedom? Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person.
Person by nature is a free being and that it is in his or her nature to seek freedomImportant indicators of human freedom:
Ability to make choices
Perform actions Freedom is also understood as the power to be what you want to be and the ability to decide and create yourself.
Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and free will.
Absence of any physical restraint. He/she is not impeded in his/her actions by any physical force.
Foundation of education philosophical fields (theoretical & practical)Jerick Teodoro
The document discusses the fields of philosophy. It describes theoretical philosophy as studying principles of human knowledge, science, thought, argumentation, language, consciousness, and metaphysics. Practical philosophy studies values, attitudes, and norms of behavior, and includes ethics, axiology, political philosophy, decision theory, and philosophy of action. Theoretical philosophy includes logic, epistemology, ontology, philosophy of language, mind, science, and history. Both theoretical and practical philosophy aim to systematically study philosophical concepts and train analytical thinking.
This document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It defines philosophy as the study of fundamental problems and principles through reason rather than empirical means. The key branches of philosophy are described as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics. Examples of influential philosophers are provided for each branch, such as Plato for metaphysics, Socrates for ethics, and Aristotle for logic. The document aims to help readers understand the importance and role of philosophy through both its historical foundations and application across different domains of knowledge.
This document provides an introduction to philosophy and its branches. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of ultimate causes and principles through reason. The main branches of philosophy are outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics. Metaphysics considers ultimate reality, ethics examines morality, epistemology studies knowledge, logic analyzes reasoning, and aesthetics considers beauty. The document encourages the study of philosophy for attaining a comprehensive outlook in life and stresses its importance in the age of globalization.
This document discusses the meaning and importance of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and the pursuit of truth. It explores the origins and evolving definitions of philosophy over time. The document then outlines several reasons why philosophy is important, including that it enables clear thinking about important issues, sharpens analytical abilities, and prompts thinking across disciplines. It emphasizes that studying philosophy helps with personal development by giving a unique perspective and intellectual freedom from biases. The most important reason given for studying philosophy is that it transforms one's mind by considering basic questions about reality and existence.
Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom and refers to the human desire to gain knowledge and apply it correctly. It involves studying fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Some basic philosophical questions humans have sought to answer include the origin of the universe, existence of God, the meaning of life, and the problem of suffering. Philosophy is highly personal and relative as different philosophers have their own understandings and explanations of its nature.
CHAPTER ONE & TWO LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY.pptxBarentuShemsu
This document provides an introduction to philosophy by outlining some of its key concepts and fields. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and noting that philosophy deals primarily with fundamental issues rather than having a single subject matter. The document then outlines some of philosophy's major fields, including metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. For each field, it provides brief definitions and examples of the types of questions addressed. The document emphasizes that philosophy is an activity that encourages critical examination and reflection on life and reality.
Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It is the study of fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy aims to understand and answer fundamental questions through rational analysis and criticism of beliefs. The main branches of philosophy are logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. Logic studies rules of reasoning. Metaphysics examines the nature of reality. Epistemology analyzes the origins, nature, and validity of knowledge. Value theory encompasses ethics, aesthetics, and social/political philosophy regarding morality, art, and society.
In what way can you change or improve your behavior so that you will be better able to uphold human freedom? Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person.
Person by nature is a free being and that it is in his or her nature to seek freedomImportant indicators of human freedom:
Ability to make choices
Perform actions Freedom is also understood as the power to be what you want to be and the ability to decide and create yourself.
Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and free will.
Absence of any physical restraint. He/she is not impeded in his/her actions by any physical force.
Foundation of education philosophical fields (theoretical & practical)Jerick Teodoro
The document discusses the fields of philosophy. It describes theoretical philosophy as studying principles of human knowledge, science, thought, argumentation, language, consciousness, and metaphysics. Practical philosophy studies values, attitudes, and norms of behavior, and includes ethics, axiology, political philosophy, decision theory, and philosophy of action. Theoretical philosophy includes logic, epistemology, ontology, philosophy of language, mind, science, and history. Both theoretical and practical philosophy aim to systematically study philosophical concepts and train analytical thinking.
The document provides an overview of the philosophy of education course. It defines philosophy and discusses its main branches including epistemology, metaphysics, axiology, and social and political philosophy. It examines the relationship between philosophy and education, how philosophy influences education policy and practice, and the major educational philosophies of idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism that are currently used in classrooms.
Educational Philosophy , nature and its function.. M.A pptx.pptxButtomTp
This document discusses the relationship between philosophy and education. It defines philosophy as the pursuit of wisdom and truth through rational thinking and examination of life's fundamental questions. Educational philosophy applies philosophical principles to education processes. It helps determine educational aims, curriculum, teaching methods, roles of teachers and students, and other aspects. The document explores different philosophies' influences on these educational factors, such as naturalism prioritizing learning by doing while idealism supports strict discipline. Overall, the document examines how philosophy guides and gives purpose to educational practices and decision-making.
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Q1 L1 W1.pptxLeoDioneda1
This document provides an introduction to different areas of philosophy, including definitions, questions, and brief explanations. It discusses the following areas:
1. The nature and functions of philosophy, defining it as the love of wisdom.
2. Additional areas of philosophy discussed include axiology, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and logic. For each area, a philosophical question is posed.
3. The document aims to give a broad overview of key concepts and questions within the major branches of philosophy. It introduces philosophy as concerning fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, beauty, and more.
Research Philosophy- Dr Ryan Thomas WilliamsRyan Williams
What is the nature of reality?
What is the nature of knowledge?
Unless you have studied philosophy you may not have considered these questions at any length
The document discusses various philosophical methods, including:
- Empiricism, which holds that all knowledge comes from sense experience and observation.
- Skepticism, which doubts claims to knowledge and questions established doctrines.
- Rationalism, which believes that reason, not just experience, can lead to knowledge.
- The dialectical method, which involves a discourse between opposing views to determine truth through reasoned arguments.
- Pre-Socratic philosophy focused on rational explanations of the natural world rather than attributing everything to gods.
Philosophy investigates fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. It uses human reason to understand ultimate causes and principles that govern all things. A philosopher is a lover of wisdom who asks questions to acquire a deeper understanding and seeks to integrate different areas of knowledge into a coherent whole. Philosophy began in ancient Greece, with Thales of Miletus considered the first Western philosopher.
This document provides an overview of philosophy and key philosophers. It defines philosophy as the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It discusses important ancient Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Plato. It also explains the difference between holistic and partial thinking. Philosophy allows one to gain a broad perspective on life by developing reflective thinking skills to evaluate decisions and viewpoints. The need to philosophize stems from experiences, doubt, and wonder. It concludes by discussing branches of philosophy and the value of philosophical reflection.
The document discusses the philosopher's holistic worldview that sees the world as interconnected, interdependent, and integrated in many ways. It then provides an example of the blind men and the elephant, where each man touches a different part of the elephant and claims to understand it fully based on their partial experience, showing the limitations of a partial point of view. Finally, it argues that using a holistic perspective that considers all available points of view is more desirable in philosophy than any single partial point of view.
The document provides an overview of philosophy and various philosophical concepts and thinkers. It discusses what philosophy is, including the original definition as the "love of wisdom." It summarizes some key aspects of prominent philosophers like Plato, Descartes, Locke, Nietzsche, Aquinas, and Kant. It also briefly outlines Kant's categorical imperative and discusses justice versus righteousness. The document appears to be notes for an introductory philosophy course covering foundational topics and major historical figures.
This document provides an overview of the Logic and Critical Thinking course. It discusses the course content which includes chapters on logic, philosophy, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. The first chapter defines logic as a field of study and as an instrument to evaluate arguments. Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom which deals with fundamental questions. The major fields of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic - are also outlined. The chapter objectives are to understand the meaning and importance of philosophy. Overall, the summary provides a high-level view of the topics and chapters covered in the Logic and Critical Thinking course.
This document discusses the concepts of holistic perspective and partial point of view in philosophy. It aims to distinguish between the two, understand the value of philosophy in gaining a broad life perspective, and do philosophical reflection from a holistic lens. Key points covered include defining philosophy as the love of wisdom, identifying Thales as the father of western philosophy, and examining the branches and tools of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, aesthetics, philosophical questions, logical reasoning, and reflection. Activities encourage applying these philosophic concepts through essays, scripts, and video clips that illustrate holism.
This document discusses the meaning and nature of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom, tracing the origin of the word to Pythagoras. Philosophy is then described as the study of fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language through rational inquiry. The document also notes that philosophy can serve as a guide to life, a comprehensive view of the universe, and an intellectual activity driven by a love of knowledge. It examines different definitions of philosophy provided by philosophers and outlines several key aspects of philosophy, including that it involves critical reflection on beliefs, seeks to understand life as a whole, analyzes language, and addresses perennial problems. The document concludes by discussing the importance of studying philosophy
Meaning and nature of philosophy -.pptxIdrisMammadov
1. Philosophy is defined as the rational inquiry into fundamental questions about life, the universe, and reality.
2. There are different conceptions of philosophy, including having a personal set of beliefs, critically reflecting on beliefs, seeking a unified worldview, analyzing language, and investigating perennial problems.
3. The main branches of philosophy are logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. Metaphysics studies the nature of reality, epistemology studies the nature and validity of knowledge, and value theory includes ethics, aesthetics, and social and political philosophy.
Lesson 1-Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.pdfliya49
Here are my reflections on the actions from a holistic perspective:
1. Research different options, compare features and prices. Consider your needs and budget.
2. Observe how they treat others, share values. Compatibility is important for a healthy friendship.
3. Check quality and freshness. A balanced diet supports well-being.
4. Research programs and campus culture. Visit to feel the environment. Prioritize learning over amenities.
5. Learn about their mission and activities. Consider time commitment and how it aligns with your goals.
6. Assess the situation carefully before assisting. Ensure safety for both parties as top priority.
7. Balance social life with responsibilities. Agree
This document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of fundamental principles through reason. The key branches of philosophy are then outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, and logic, each exploring fundamental questions about reality, morality, knowledge, and reasoning. Examples of influential philosophers are provided for each branch, such as Plato in metaphysics and Aristotle in logic. The document concludes by discussing aesthetics and providing examples of philosophers who have studied beauty and its role in human experience.
This document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of fundamental principles through reason. The key branches of philosophy are then outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, and logic. Metaphysics explores reality and existence. Ethics examines morality and virtue. Epistemology considers the nature of knowledge. Logic concerns valid reasoning. Aesthetics, the philosophy of beauty, is also briefly mentioned. Examples of influential philosophers are provided for each branch, such as Plato in metaphysics and Aristotle in logic. The document concludes with discussion questions about the importance and meaning of philosophy.
Here are the philosophical questions from the list:
1. Why are we here and how should we live?
3. What is freedom?
4. Is it right to impose a dress code to students in Senior High School?
6. What is the meaning of life?
7. Are humans innately good or evil?
8. What makes an action moral?
The other questions are personal questions. Philosophical questions move beyond specific concerns, give birth to more questions, do not find immediate answers, and lead to a sense of wonder.
This document provides an overview of the course "Logic and Critical Thinking". It discusses the following key points:
1. The course covers 6 chapters, including introductions to logic, basic logic concepts, critical thinking, logical reasoning and fallacies, categorical propositions.
2. Chapter 1 defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and discusses its major fields including metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. It emphasizes that philosophy questions apparent truths.
3. Logic is the study of arguments and their structures. An argument consists of premises that provide support for a conclusion. Identifying premises and conclusions is important for evaluating arguments.
Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, reason and values. It originated in ancient Greece and has five main branches: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics and aesthetics. Some key ancient Greek philosophers include Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates used dialectic questioning to encourage critical thinking, Plato founded the Academy, and Aristotle developed logic and studied many topics. Philosophy uses methods like logic, argumentation and questioning assumptions to gain understanding.
Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics. It originated in ancient Greece and has five main branches: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. The document outlines the key figures and schools of thought in early Western philosophy from Thales to Aristotle. It discusses methods of philosophizing like the Socratic method and different theories of truth and fallacies.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The document provides an overview of the philosophy of education course. It defines philosophy and discusses its main branches including epistemology, metaphysics, axiology, and social and political philosophy. It examines the relationship between philosophy and education, how philosophy influences education policy and practice, and the major educational philosophies of idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism that are currently used in classrooms.
Educational Philosophy , nature and its function.. M.A pptx.pptxButtomTp
This document discusses the relationship between philosophy and education. It defines philosophy as the pursuit of wisdom and truth through rational thinking and examination of life's fundamental questions. Educational philosophy applies philosophical principles to education processes. It helps determine educational aims, curriculum, teaching methods, roles of teachers and students, and other aspects. The document explores different philosophies' influences on these educational factors, such as naturalism prioritizing learning by doing while idealism supports strict discipline. Overall, the document examines how philosophy guides and gives purpose to educational practices and decision-making.
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Q1 L1 W1.pptxLeoDioneda1
This document provides an introduction to different areas of philosophy, including definitions, questions, and brief explanations. It discusses the following areas:
1. The nature and functions of philosophy, defining it as the love of wisdom.
2. Additional areas of philosophy discussed include axiology, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and logic. For each area, a philosophical question is posed.
3. The document aims to give a broad overview of key concepts and questions within the major branches of philosophy. It introduces philosophy as concerning fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, beauty, and more.
Research Philosophy- Dr Ryan Thomas WilliamsRyan Williams
What is the nature of reality?
What is the nature of knowledge?
Unless you have studied philosophy you may not have considered these questions at any length
The document discusses various philosophical methods, including:
- Empiricism, which holds that all knowledge comes from sense experience and observation.
- Skepticism, which doubts claims to knowledge and questions established doctrines.
- Rationalism, which believes that reason, not just experience, can lead to knowledge.
- The dialectical method, which involves a discourse between opposing views to determine truth through reasoned arguments.
- Pre-Socratic philosophy focused on rational explanations of the natural world rather than attributing everything to gods.
Philosophy investigates fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. It uses human reason to understand ultimate causes and principles that govern all things. A philosopher is a lover of wisdom who asks questions to acquire a deeper understanding and seeks to integrate different areas of knowledge into a coherent whole. Philosophy began in ancient Greece, with Thales of Miletus considered the first Western philosopher.
This document provides an overview of philosophy and key philosophers. It defines philosophy as the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It discusses important ancient Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Plato. It also explains the difference between holistic and partial thinking. Philosophy allows one to gain a broad perspective on life by developing reflective thinking skills to evaluate decisions and viewpoints. The need to philosophize stems from experiences, doubt, and wonder. It concludes by discussing branches of philosophy and the value of philosophical reflection.
The document discusses the philosopher's holistic worldview that sees the world as interconnected, interdependent, and integrated in many ways. It then provides an example of the blind men and the elephant, where each man touches a different part of the elephant and claims to understand it fully based on their partial experience, showing the limitations of a partial point of view. Finally, it argues that using a holistic perspective that considers all available points of view is more desirable in philosophy than any single partial point of view.
The document provides an overview of philosophy and various philosophical concepts and thinkers. It discusses what philosophy is, including the original definition as the "love of wisdom." It summarizes some key aspects of prominent philosophers like Plato, Descartes, Locke, Nietzsche, Aquinas, and Kant. It also briefly outlines Kant's categorical imperative and discusses justice versus righteousness. The document appears to be notes for an introductory philosophy course covering foundational topics and major historical figures.
This document provides an overview of the Logic and Critical Thinking course. It discusses the course content which includes chapters on logic, philosophy, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. The first chapter defines logic as a field of study and as an instrument to evaluate arguments. Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom which deals with fundamental questions. The major fields of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic - are also outlined. The chapter objectives are to understand the meaning and importance of philosophy. Overall, the summary provides a high-level view of the topics and chapters covered in the Logic and Critical Thinking course.
This document discusses the concepts of holistic perspective and partial point of view in philosophy. It aims to distinguish between the two, understand the value of philosophy in gaining a broad life perspective, and do philosophical reflection from a holistic lens. Key points covered include defining philosophy as the love of wisdom, identifying Thales as the father of western philosophy, and examining the branches and tools of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, aesthetics, philosophical questions, logical reasoning, and reflection. Activities encourage applying these philosophic concepts through essays, scripts, and video clips that illustrate holism.
This document discusses the meaning and nature of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom, tracing the origin of the word to Pythagoras. Philosophy is then described as the study of fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language through rational inquiry. The document also notes that philosophy can serve as a guide to life, a comprehensive view of the universe, and an intellectual activity driven by a love of knowledge. It examines different definitions of philosophy provided by philosophers and outlines several key aspects of philosophy, including that it involves critical reflection on beliefs, seeks to understand life as a whole, analyzes language, and addresses perennial problems. The document concludes by discussing the importance of studying philosophy
Meaning and nature of philosophy -.pptxIdrisMammadov
1. Philosophy is defined as the rational inquiry into fundamental questions about life, the universe, and reality.
2. There are different conceptions of philosophy, including having a personal set of beliefs, critically reflecting on beliefs, seeking a unified worldview, analyzing language, and investigating perennial problems.
3. The main branches of philosophy are logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. Metaphysics studies the nature of reality, epistemology studies the nature and validity of knowledge, and value theory includes ethics, aesthetics, and social and political philosophy.
Lesson 1-Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.pdfliya49
Here are my reflections on the actions from a holistic perspective:
1. Research different options, compare features and prices. Consider your needs and budget.
2. Observe how they treat others, share values. Compatibility is important for a healthy friendship.
3. Check quality and freshness. A balanced diet supports well-being.
4. Research programs and campus culture. Visit to feel the environment. Prioritize learning over amenities.
5. Learn about their mission and activities. Consider time commitment and how it aligns with your goals.
6. Assess the situation carefully before assisting. Ensure safety for both parties as top priority.
7. Balance social life with responsibilities. Agree
This document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of fundamental principles through reason. The key branches of philosophy are then outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, and logic, each exploring fundamental questions about reality, morality, knowledge, and reasoning. Examples of influential philosophers are provided for each branch, such as Plato in metaphysics and Aristotle in logic. The document concludes by discussing aesthetics and providing examples of philosophers who have studied beauty and its role in human experience.
This document discusses the meaning and branches of philosophy. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of fundamental principles through reason. The key branches of philosophy are then outlined as metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, and logic. Metaphysics explores reality and existence. Ethics examines morality and virtue. Epistemology considers the nature of knowledge. Logic concerns valid reasoning. Aesthetics, the philosophy of beauty, is also briefly mentioned. Examples of influential philosophers are provided for each branch, such as Plato in metaphysics and Aristotle in logic. The document concludes with discussion questions about the importance and meaning of philosophy.
Here are the philosophical questions from the list:
1. Why are we here and how should we live?
3. What is freedom?
4. Is it right to impose a dress code to students in Senior High School?
6. What is the meaning of life?
7. Are humans innately good or evil?
8. What makes an action moral?
The other questions are personal questions. Philosophical questions move beyond specific concerns, give birth to more questions, do not find immediate answers, and lead to a sense of wonder.
This document provides an overview of the course "Logic and Critical Thinking". It discusses the following key points:
1. The course covers 6 chapters, including introductions to logic, basic logic concepts, critical thinking, logical reasoning and fallacies, categorical propositions.
2. Chapter 1 defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and discusses its major fields including metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. It emphasizes that philosophy questions apparent truths.
3. Logic is the study of arguments and their structures. An argument consists of premises that provide support for a conclusion. Identifying premises and conclusions is important for evaluating arguments.
Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, reason and values. It originated in ancient Greece and has five main branches: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics and aesthetics. Some key ancient Greek philosophers include Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates used dialectic questioning to encourage critical thinking, Plato founded the Academy, and Aristotle developed logic and studied many topics. Philosophy uses methods like logic, argumentation and questioning assumptions to gain understanding.
Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics. It originated in ancient Greece and has five main branches: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. The document outlines the key figures and schools of thought in early Western philosophy from Thales to Aristotle. It discusses methods of philosophizing like the Socratic method and different theories of truth and fallacies.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
2. CONTEXT
• A critique of Education 3.0
• Replaced by Education 5.0
• Innovation & industrialisation
• Goods and services
• Critical consciousness in learners
• Provision of Life Skills to learners
3. INTRODUCTION
• What is Philosophy
• What has Philosophy got to do with my studies
• What has Philosophy got to do with Science, Agriculture, Engineering, Law,
Art, Music, History, etc etc
• What has Philosophy got to do with Critical Consciousness & Life Skills
5. Thesis/Argument
• Not an irrelevant subject
• Every academic subject or pursuit depends /draws from Philosophy
• Every human activity is informed by Philosophy
• Everyone is a philosopher but some are Philosophers
• CC draws from Philosophy in more ways than one
6. Assumptions
• Most of you have never studied Philosophy before
• Most of you have wrong stories about Philosophy
7. The nature of Philosophy
Etymology
• two Greek words philein, meaning ‘to love’ and sophia meaning ‘wisdom’(
Velasquez & Barry, 1988 ; Bennaars et. Al , 1994, Christian, 2006).
8. Historical Context
• Originated from the desire by man to seek an explanation and cause to reality and
being
• Thus, traditionally all explanations were theocentric
• Everything was attributed to supernatural causes, e.g the gods or God
• Greek names such as Thales, Parmenides, Protagoras and Heraclitus, Socrates, Plato
and Aristotle
• However, Protagoras is considered as the first to have coined the word ‘philosophy’
to this study
9. • these being regarded as the earliest and greatest pre – and post - Socratic
philosophers respectively.
• These were puzzled by the nature and origin of the world
• However, their incredulity was later answered by science and their puzzlement
shifted to other issues
• In modern times we have names such as Dewey, Descartes, Russell, Pestalloz,
Nyerere, Ramose, Rousseau, Samkange & Samkange, etc.,
• Concerned about issues such as education, politics, morality, governance etc
10. Meanings of philosophy
From the above we present the following as constituting the enterprise of philosophy:
• Chamber’s Twentieth Century Dictionary defined ‘philosophy’ as pursuit of knowledge
and wisdom.
• The mother of all knowledge- all other subjects developed from philosophy)
• A 'thirst for learning, 'thirst for knowledge', a lover of learning".
• Philosophy is a yearning for knowledge
• An insatiable search/thirst for knowledge
• Put in simple idiom philosophy can be understood as the love of /search &quest for
knowledge and wisdom and truth
11. • A philosopher therefore is a lover of knowledge
• The objective being to become wise
Essentially, philosophy
• is critical thinking about thinking, the proximate goal of which is to
get in touch with the truth about reality; the ultimate goal being to see
the Big picture (Christian, 2006;xxii)
12. The idea of a Big Picture & Connectedness
The African Context
• We are all one
• Philosophy of unhu/Ubuntu
• Humaneness/humanity
• Connectedness in social relations
• Oneness overrides artificial differences and focuses on essences
• Knowledge is One
• Knowledge vs KNOWLEDGE
13. How Philosophy arrives at knowledge and
truth: The place of questions
In philosophy one learns
• To ask questions and re-ask questions
• To double-check fact claims in order to verify or falsify them
• To reject fallacious fact claims no matter how sound they may appear and
from whomever
• Not to accept everything at face value
• To question and doubt everything
14. • It is a thinking, pondering,wondering engagement with reality
• It is an invitation to question the unquestioned in order to get the full picture
• Seeks to go beyond appearances to reality
• to speculate, reason and even to fantasize in the eternal search for knowledge and wisdom
• It is a do-it-yourself enterprise
• It is a second order activity as opposed to the sciences which are first order activities
• Specifically it is a skill which one has to learn
15. Remarks on questions & their relevance
• Speculative & contemplative
• Requires one to think seriously
• Various academic disciplines have questions related to them
• In our various subjects we should learn to question
• The only way to get knowledge and truth
• In life people should learn to question in order to get knowledge and the
truth
18. • Attitudes
• Slogans e.g Indigenisation, Economic Empowerment
• Mottos of schools
N/B
These are unquestioned, unjustified, unrationalised
• People just take them as the truth
• Subsequently come to hold them as their own
19. Characteristics
• Its not that they do not get bewildered or wonder about their reality
• They do but they may not think critically or care about it
• Such people are participators and not actors
• Such people see but they are not capable of noticing
• think but they do not Think
• They are not capable of asking WHY?
Reasons why they don’t ask: religious, cultural ,political
NB: can be applied to life: people ordinarily live order lives
• Have low order knowledge of issues eg ikss
20. • We present this as a ‘low – order’ level order of philosophising
• Thus, it can be argued that to some extent, everyone is a philosopher and has a philosophy.
• Ironically, people are engaged in philosophy and philosophising every day of their lives, consciously or
unconsciously.
• However, this level is simplistic and low-order because people are not conscious that they are engaging in
philosophy and philosophising
• This is on the basis that they may ask questions but may not bother to ask why?
• Conclusively therefore;, everyone is a ‘philosopher’ and can ‘philosophise’ precisely because
everyone ‘thirsts / yearns’ for knowledge at one time or another as everyone questions at one time
or another.
• From this perspective everyone has a philosophy
21. Professional/Academic Sense
Higher-order level
• Philosophy as an academic discipline
• By an academic discipline in this discussion is meant a “distinct way of acquiring knowledge or of
comprehending objects of cognition” (Bennaars, et. Al., 1994 ; 30)
• A SUBJECT: a body of knowledge rep. reality
• What is the rationale behind subject:-knowledge is incomprehensible, complex, amorphous
• Every subject represents a distinct body of knowledge
• A distinct way of arriving at knowledge and ultimately truth.
• A distinct way of arriving at a particular knowledge
• every academic discipline is unique
22. • The uniqueness derives from its content
• Indeed every subject has its own logic and language
– history has its own language, maths, divinity, sociology, politics etc, etc
• Also every academic subject has its own contend – geog, shona, accounting,
psychology law
23. • Additionally, every subject generates its own mode of thinking about reality
• thus if you claim some expertise in a particular field you should demonstrate it by adopting
the particular mode of thinking in interrogating reality
• One should have a flair for that subject, i.e in the manner one interrogates issues
• Thus a lawyer shows that he is one, by interrogating reality legalistically, or a scientist
scientifically, politician -politically etc, etc
• Thus, this particular contend, language or jargon and mode of thinking only makes sense
firstly to the initiated or to those ‘inside’ and not those on the periphery
• However, what is critical to note is that while every subject represents a particular
knowledge, cumulatively all subjects contribute towards KNOWLEDGE
24. • Thus, philosophy like any other academic subject has its own unique contend, mode
of thinking and language
• the content of philosophy is unique in that it is all reality – physical and metaphysical
• In this regard all subjects are the concern and thus constitute the contend of
philosophy
• This is based on the claim that, philosophy is regarded and rightly so as the ‘mother’
of all knowledge
• Thus, philosophy pervades and permeates all knowledge
25. • no academic discipline which can claim immunity or indifference to
philosophy
• Every academic discipline might have its own unique contend and
language but in varying degrees borrows from or depends on
philosophy on its attribute of rigor and critical thinking
26. Of Philosophy & Questions
Philosophy: Speculative (theoretical/hypothetical) & contemplative
(thoughtful/meditative/reflective),
• Epistemological/epistemology – study of knowledge
• Metaphysical/metaphysics – reality – physical/material or
spiritual/supernatural
• Logical/logic - study of reasoning
• Axiological/axiology – study of values
• Semantical/semantics – correct use of language
27. Epistemological
• One of the most important of the four branches of philosophy
• The term is derived from two Greek words, episte (to know or knowledge) and logia (
rational discourse) Chemhuru, 2011).
• Central to this branch of philosophy is the concern with the nature of knowledge
or that which constitutes knowledge.
• Oniang’o[1994] defined epistemology as the branch of philosophy which
investigates the origin, structure, methods and validity of knowledge
• Christian [2006] defined epistemology as: the study of human knowledge
• It is the study of knowledge or the theory of knowledge.
28. • Crucial questions asked in this area are:
• what is knowledge?
• What does it mean to know something?
• What is the difference between knowledge and belief?
• What can be known beyond the information provided by the senses?
29. • How do we know that which we claim to know?
• What conditions need to be satisfied for something to be called
knowledge?
• What are the types of knowledge?
• And what does it mean to say something isn’t true? Therefore, any
discussion about knowledge must implicitly also be a discussion about
the nature of truth - but what do we mean by 'true'? And what does it
mean to say something isn’t true?
30. What is knowledge
• Various definitions can be proffered
• A dynamic human process of justifying personal belief towards the truth
• Plato’s definition is widely considered apt
• Defines knowledge as justified true belief.
• Critical to Plato’s definition is that he provided what can be regarded as a
framework or criterion for evaluating any claim as constituting knowledge
31. Plato’s three- fold criteria
Justifiability
❖To claim to know something one must justify it
❖One must provide sound reasons based on sound evidence as a basis for acceptance
❖To claim that X died one must provide sound evidence e.g a death certificate to that
effect.
❖To claim that it is 100 kms from X to Y one can easily measure the distance and that
comes as evidence to support the claim
32. Truthfulness
• In addition to having evidence to support one’s as knowledge, one’s claim
must be true
• the claim should have a truth value
• Thus, if one claims that X died, and then presents a death certificate to that
effect, it must also be true that indeed X actually died.
33. Belief/Believability
• The third criterion for a claim to hold as knowledge is the belief condition.
• belief is a state of mind which affirms a particular state of affairs
• Any contend that we hold as true
• By holding it as true the knower must believe in its truthfulness
• It must be believable
• The three conditions must be fulfilled if one claims to have knowledge of
something
34. Characteristics of philosophy/philosopher
• In as much as philosophy permeates all bodies knowledge even its
characteristics do the same
• These cut across all subject arrears and are critical to all
• We focus on these because science and any other academic discipline needs
and depends on them
35. Critical Thinking
• Critical thinking is the analysis and evaluation of ideas and information in
order to reach sound judgments and conclusions.
• Hence, critical thinking involves learning to challenge our assumptions by
asking the hard questions.
• Critical thinking focuses not on what causes a belief, but on whether it is worth
believing. A belief is worth believing, or accepting, if we have good reasons to
accept it.
• The better the reasons for acceptance, the more likely the belief is to be true.
36. Essential ingredients of this attitude are:
• inquisitiveness,
• imagination and capacity to see beyond the immediate and familiar to the underlying complexities
or the whole
• The ability to see the whole and not parts of the whole
• A questioning mind
• Asking the unaskable questions
• Innovativeness
• A creative mental disposition
37. Conceptual clarity
• Conceptual clarity is premised on conceptual analysis
• This entails the analysing of concepts to arrive at some sound clarity in order to
enhance our understanding of the concepts when we use them
• This is critical so that in our usage as well as application of them we have a
common meaning and a shared understanding of the terms and concepts in
education
In the absence of shared meaning and understanding based on conceptual clarity there
is bound to be misunderstanding and misinterpretation in the implementation of
educational programes and intitiatives.
39. Coherence
• Refers to solid belief systems, ideas, arguments and decisions
• The beliefs we hold as professionals must be justifiable, credible and not
contradictory
• Coherence enables us not to be self-contradictory in our beliefs and the
manner we relate with students
40. Comprehensiveness
• Philosophy by its very nature makes one to have a comprehensive view of
reality
• Whilst reality and phenomena has parts philosophy enables one to unite the
parts into a comprehensive unity
• Comprehensiveness entails the notion of having a wider cognitive
perspective of reality
• Critical for education and educators, because they must see and appreciate
the relationship between the various knowledges they impart to the learner
41. Epistemic awareness vs epistemic naivete
• Epistemic awareness- a more informed awareness of what we know, how
we know it and also what we do not know, and the dependability of what we
know
• Epistemic naivete- a condition in which we have not yet started to
question the origins, nature and dependability of our information
42. Consistency
• Philosophy emphasises the need for consistency in our beliefs, how we treat
others as well as the learners
• Accordingly, our standards professionals must be the same for all students
• Consistency guards us against biases and favouritism especially in our
interactions with students
43. Creative
Creativity is one of the characteristic of a philosopher
Creativity involves
• thinking outside the box
• Breaking the box breaking out of expected patterns in order to look at things in a different way.
• seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought.
• making ordinary things exquisite and extraordinary.
Philosopher s creativity cannot be likened to that of painters, writers or musicians but they display their own type of
creativity which makes them leave a distinctive mark on everything they do, see and say.
This is based on their ability not only to see but more importantly to notice, are capable of discerning new
dimensions to issues and events which the ordinary person would not notice.
44. Problem Solving
• Equips one with problem solving skills of
Analysis
➢ Problem analysis is the act of defining a problem, determining the cause of the problem,
identifying, prioritising and selecting alternatives for a solution and implementing a solution.
➢ Problem analysis therefore, investigates a situation/problem in order to allow the researcher to
understand more fully the problem, in order to recommend practical solutions for solving it.
Diagnosis
• Diagnosing a problem involves searching or understanding the root causes of a problem.
• This is the first step in problem solving. You cannot solve a problem that you do not understand.
45. third eye, ears
Ability to
• see what others cannot see
• Hear what others cannot hear
Essentially equips one with a third eye not only to see but to notice a third ear not only hear but
listen
Equips one with
• Humility
• Patience
• groundness
47. References
• Kneller, G.F. (1971) Foundations of Education, John Wiley & Sons, London.
• Akinpelu, J.A (1981) An Introduction to Philosophy of Education, Methuen, New York
• Peters, R. S (1977) Authority, Responsibility and Education, Routledge & Kegan Paul,
London.
• Schoffield, H. (1972) The Philosophy of Education, George Allen & Unwin.
• Ramose, M. B. (Philosophy Through Ubuntu, Monte Publishers, Harare.
• Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (2015-2022) Curriculum Famework
• Chemhuru, O. (2011) Philosophy: Its Relevamce to teacher education, Book Love, Gweru.
48. • Ozman, H & Craver, M (1986) Philosophical Foundations of Education, Merril Publishing Co. London.
• Makhado, E. (1999) Foundations of Education , Book Love, Gweru.
• Madondo, M., Museka, G. & Phiri, M. (eds.) (2014) The Presidential Commission of Inquiry into Education and Training: Implementation, Succeses,
Challenges and Opportunities, HRRC, The University of Zimbabwe.
• Mapara, J. & Mudzamire, B. (2013) Ubuntu/Unhu Philosophy: A brief Shona Perspective, Bhabhu Books, Harare.
• Chigwedere, A. (1999) The Abandoned Adolescents, Munhumutapa Publishers, Marondera.
• Nziramasanga, C. T. (1999) The Nziramsanga Commission of Enquiry into Education and Training
• Christian, J.L (2006) Philosophy: The art of wondering. London: Wadsworth.
• Okrah, K. A (2013) Nyansapo (The Wisdom Knot): Toward an African Philosophy of education. New York: Routledge.
• Oniang’o, C. (1994) An Introduction to Philosophy. Kenya: East African Educatinal Publishers.
49. • Gribble, J. (1972) Introduction to Philosophy of Education, Allyn aand Bacon Publishers, London.
• Makuvaza, N(2013) ‘Peace and Conflict in Zimbabwe-A call for Peace Education’,
Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 25(2), pp.240-260.
• Makuvaza, N.(2010) ‘Philosophical Reflections on the Nziramasanga Commission on
Education and Training of 1999 with special reference to Chapter 4 (Hunhuu/Ubuntu –
Holistic Education)’, Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 22(3), pp.357-365.
• Makuvaza, N. 2008) ‘Teaching the student vs teaching the subject and the dilemma
of the teacher in Zimbabwe: The case of citizenship’, The Dyke, 3(2), pp.46-59.
• Makuvaza, N. (1995) ‘Educatedness in the African Context: The case for Education for
Hunhuism/Ubuntuism in Zimbabwe’, The Zimbabwe Bulletin of Teacher Education, 4(3), pp.89-99.
50. • Makuvaza, N. (1996) ‘Missionary Education in Perspective: Against the Theory of
benevolence’, Zimbabwe Bulletin of Teacher Education, 4(4).
• Makuvaza, N.(1996 ) ‘Teachers for the 21 st Century: The case for professional
teacher ethics in colleges of teacher education’ ,Zimbabwe Bulletin of Teacher
Education, pp.19-32.
• Makuvaza N. & Gora, B. (2014). ‘What is happening to the ‘noble’ profession? Concerns
about and threats to the teaching profession in high schools in Zimbabwe-The wayforward,
Intenational J. Soc. Scie & Education, 4(2), pp.477-491.
• Brubacher, J. S. Modern Philosophies of education, Mc Graw & Hill Book Co. New York
• Smith, T. E.c (1987) Introduction to Philosophy of education, West Publishing Co. New York.
51. • Heinz-Peter Gerhardt PAULO FREIRE (1921–97)
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/Thinkers
Pdf/freiree.PDF
• Horsthemke, K and Enslin, P (2009, May). African Philosophy of Education: The
Price of Unchallengeability http://www.uz.ac.zw/index.php/library.html
• Philosophy of education, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_education
• http://www.contempaesthetics.org/newvolume/pages/article.
• php?articleID=324