This document provides an overview of the course "Software Design and UML Use Case Modeling" which is part of the Ph.D program in Computer Science and Engineering. The course covers topics like UML modeling concepts, types of UML diagrams with examples, user-centered design, use case modeling, basics of user interface design, and software design patterns. It includes the syllabus, learning objectives, and examples for each topic.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to express the design of object-oriented software projects. UML includes diagrams, relationships and elements that help design different perspectives of a system including design, implementation, process and deployment. The key building blocks of UML are things (like classes and use cases), relationships (like generalization and dependency), and diagrams (like class, sequence and deployment diagrams) which are used to model different aspects of a software system.
Introduction to Unified Modeling LanguageAMITJain879
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software artifacts. UML provides notations like rectangles, lines and ellipses to create visual models of systems. It also standardizes existing object-oriented modeling notations. The conceptual model of UML has three main elements - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things can be structural, behavioral, grouping or annotational. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams provide different perspectives of software systems.
This document provides an introduction and overview of structural modeling and use case modeling in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the goals and benefits of modeling, provides a quick tour of UML concepts, and covers the core elements of structural modeling like classes, interfaces, associations and diagrams. It explains when and how to model system structure and provides an example of interface-based design. The document is intended to teach the basics of UML structural and use case modeling.
This document provides an introduction to structural and use case modeling using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines structural modeling as emphasizing the structure of objects, including their classifiers, relationships, attributes and operations. Use case modeling partitions system functionality into meaningful transactions ("use cases") between users ("actors") and the system. The document then reviews the core concepts and diagram types for both structural and use case modeling in UML.
This document provides an overview of a mentoring session on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and software projects. It discusses object-oriented concepts, the purpose and history of UML, the main UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their uses. Examples are provided of how to implement UML diagrams to model real-world systems and software applications.
This document provides an introduction to using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented design and modeling. It describes UML as a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software designs using concepts from data, business, object, and component modeling. The document outlines the history and creators of UML, the different types of UML diagrams for modeling various aspects of systems, and internet resources for further information on UML.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is a general-purpose modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct, and document software systems. It captures decisions and understanding about systems that must be constructed. The goals of UML included developing a modeling language that could be used across different domains and development methods. UML has three main building blocks - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things represent elements in a model like classes, components, and use cases. Relationships connect things and show dependencies, generalizations, and associations. Diagrams provide different views of UML models, including structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to express the design of object-oriented software projects. UML includes diagrams, relationships and elements that help design different perspectives of a system including design, implementation, process and deployment. The key building blocks of UML are things (like classes and use cases), relationships (like generalization and dependency), and diagrams (like class, sequence and deployment diagrams) which are used to model different aspects of a software system.
Introduction to Unified Modeling LanguageAMITJain879
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software artifacts. UML provides notations like rectangles, lines and ellipses to create visual models of systems. It also standardizes existing object-oriented modeling notations. The conceptual model of UML has three main elements - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things can be structural, behavioral, grouping or annotational. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams provide different perspectives of software systems.
This document provides an introduction and overview of structural modeling and use case modeling in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the goals and benefits of modeling, provides a quick tour of UML concepts, and covers the core elements of structural modeling like classes, interfaces, associations and diagrams. It explains when and how to model system structure and provides an example of interface-based design. The document is intended to teach the basics of UML structural and use case modeling.
This document provides an introduction to structural and use case modeling using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines structural modeling as emphasizing the structure of objects, including their classifiers, relationships, attributes and operations. Use case modeling partitions system functionality into meaningful transactions ("use cases") between users ("actors") and the system. The document then reviews the core concepts and diagram types for both structural and use case modeling in UML.
This document provides an overview of a mentoring session on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and software projects. It discusses object-oriented concepts, the purpose and history of UML, the main UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their uses. Examples are provided of how to implement UML diagrams to model real-world systems and software applications.
This document provides an introduction to using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented design and modeling. It describes UML as a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software designs using concepts from data, business, object, and component modeling. The document outlines the history and creators of UML, the different types of UML diagrams for modeling various aspects of systems, and internet resources for further information on UML.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is a general-purpose modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct, and document software systems. It captures decisions and understanding about systems that must be constructed. The goals of UML included developing a modeling language that could be used across different domains and development methods. UML has three main building blocks - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things represent elements in a model like classes, components, and use cases. Relationships connect things and show dependencies, generalizations, and associations. Diagrams provide different views of UML models, including structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using visual diagrams. It includes structure diagrams for modeling static aspects and behavioral diagrams for dynamic aspects. Some key UML diagrams are class, use case, sequence, state machine, package, and deployment diagrams. UML has evolved over time through the merging of different modeling techniques and is now maintained by the Object Management Group.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It outlines the course information for an Introduction to UML course, including aims, objectives, assessment, and recommended books. It then describes what UML is and lists common UML tools. The document explains that UML defines 13 types of diagrams divided into categories for structure, behavior, and interaction. Examples of different UML diagrams are provided, including class, object, component, and use case diagrams. Guidelines are given for modeling with UML, including the development process, types of models, and use case modeling syntax, semantics, and examples.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
UML is a standard modeling language used to create object-oriented models to represent systems. It was developed in the 1990s to address challenges with modeling complex object-oriented systems. UML includes different types of diagrams - structural diagrams depict system structure, behavioral diagrams show system functioning, and interaction diagrams visualize communication between entities. UML is now recognized as an ISO standard and supported by modeling tools.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It describes the history and development of UML from the 1990s onward. The document also covers the main components of UML including structural things like classes, interfaces, use cases; behavioral things like interactions and state machines; relationships like associations, generalizations; and diagrams like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and use case diagrams. It provides examples of many of these diagrams.
Documenting Software Architectural Component and Connector with UML 2editor1knowledgecuddle
Earlierversions of the UML have been an out of depth for documenting software architectures like component, port, connector and system. Users have adopted conventions for representing architectural concepts using different grouping of UML modeling element. They can also create profiles to focus the UML. Changes incorporated in UML 2 have improved UML’s suitability for software architectural documentation, but UML is still an out of your depth for documenting some types of architectural information. In this paper, there is description of documenting component and connector using UML but in particular case, documenting architectural connectors and components remains problematic. Keywords: - component, connector
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, purpose, key diagrams, and popular modeling tools. UML was developed to provide a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It includes nine commonly used diagram types for different views of a system. The diagrams can be categorized as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they describe a system's structure, behavior, or deployment. Popular UML modeling tools help generate code from diagrams and reverse engineer diagrams from code.
The document discusses CASE tools and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). CASE tools help develop information systems through modeling, methodology, and automatic code generation. UML is a standard language for modeling software systems using visual elements like classes, interfaces, collaborations and use cases. UML has three main components - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things include structural elements like classes and interfaces, behavioral elements, and grouping/annotational elements. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams include class, use case, sequence, state chart, and others.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML was created by the Object Management Group as a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It introduces key concepts of UML including its goals, building blocks, basic notations, and types of modeling. UML uses standard visual notations like diagrams, classes, use cases to model both structural and behavioral aspects of a system.
This document provides an introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a general purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. The key building blocks of UML include things like classes, interfaces, use cases and relationships between these things. It also describes the different types of UML diagrams like class, sequence, activity diagrams and how they can be used. Finally, it stresses the importance of identifying the problem domain when developing models.
The Application of Function Models In Software Design: A Survey Within the So...CSCJournals
Numerous function modelling approaches exist for software design. However, there is little empirical evidence on how these approaches are used in the early stages of software design. This article presents the results of an online survey on the application of function models in the academic and industrial software development community. The results show that more than 90% of the 75 respondents agreed with the statement that software projects that use function modelling techniques have a higher chance of success than other projects. UML is the most widely accepted and used modelling approach among the respondents, but only a handful of UML diagrams appear to be prominently addressed during the early software design stages. Asked for reasons for selecting or rejecting UML models the majority of respondents mentioned using function models to understand software requirements and communicate these with clients and technical teams, whereas lack of familiarity, the time-consuming nature of some models and data redundancy are widely mentioned reasons for not or seldomly using certain models. The study also shows a strong relationship between model usage and respondents’ professions. We conclude that improvements are required to ensure the benefits of the various available models and the links between the models can be fully exploited to support individual designers, to improve communication and collaboration, and to increase project success. A short discussion on the chosen solution direction - a simplified function modelling approach – closes the paper.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented data modeling. It describes UML as a complete language for capturing and communicating knowledge about a subject. The document outlines the goals of UML, the advantages it provides, and how it can be used. It also describes the different categories of UML diagrams including structural diagrams for describing static relationships and behavioral diagrams for describing dynamic relationships. Use case models and how they represent user interactions with a system are discussed. An example use case diagram for an order placement process is included.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented data modeling. It describes UML as a complete language for capturing and communicating knowledge about a subject. The document outlines the goals of UML, the advantages it provides, and how it can be used. It also describes the different categories of UML diagrams including structural diagrams for describing static relationships and behavioral diagrams for describing dynamic relationships. Use case models and how they represent user interactions with a system are discussed. An example use case diagram for an order placement process is included.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a tool used for modeling software systems and business processes. It discusses the goals of UML which are to visualize, specify, and document systems. The presentation then covers the different types of modeling in UML including structural and behavioral, the basic building blocks of UML diagrams such as boxes, messages, actions, and relationships. It concludes by providing a class diagram example and references.
UML is a standard language used to specify, visualize, and document software systems. It was created by the Object Management Group in 1997. UML uses diagrams and notations to model different aspects of a software system, including its structure, behavior, and architecture. It helps with object-oriented analysis and design by allowing developers to model systems in a visual way before and during implementation. The document provides an overview of UML, its goals, basic concepts, modeling types, building blocks like classes and relationships, and common notations.
UML is a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software systems. It was created by the Object Management Group in 1997. UML can be used to model both software and non-software systems through diagrams and allows for generating code from models. The goal of UML is to provide a general-purpose modeling language that is easy to understand and use to model systems for various users.
UML is a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software systems. It was created by the Object Management Group in 1997. UML can be used to model both software and non-software systems through diagrams and allows for generating code from models. The document then discusses UML's relationship to object-oriented concepts, analysis and design processes, and its building blocks including things like classes, interfaces, use cases, and interactions.
The document provides an overview of the core concepts and processes involved in systems analysis and design using a running example project from beginning to end. It introduces the systems development life cycle (SDLC) as consisting of six core processes: (1) identifying needs and obtaining approval, (2) planning and monitoring the project, (3) defining requirements, (4) designing solutions, (5) building and testing solutions, and (6) launching solutions. The chapter then discusses these six core processes that are common to all types of SDLC approaches.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using visual diagrams. It includes structure diagrams for modeling static aspects and behavioral diagrams for dynamic aspects. Some key UML diagrams are class, use case, sequence, state machine, package, and deployment diagrams. UML has evolved over time through the merging of different modeling techniques and is now maintained by the Object Management Group.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It outlines the course information for an Introduction to UML course, including aims, objectives, assessment, and recommended books. It then describes what UML is and lists common UML tools. The document explains that UML defines 13 types of diagrams divided into categories for structure, behavior, and interaction. Examples of different UML diagrams are provided, including class, object, component, and use case diagrams. Guidelines are given for modeling with UML, including the development process, types of models, and use case modeling syntax, semantics, and examples.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
UML is a standard modeling language used to create object-oriented models to represent systems. It was developed in the 1990s to address challenges with modeling complex object-oriented systems. UML includes different types of diagrams - structural diagrams depict system structure, behavioral diagrams show system functioning, and interaction diagrams visualize communication between entities. UML is now recognized as an ISO standard and supported by modeling tools.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It describes the history and development of UML from the 1990s onward. The document also covers the main components of UML including structural things like classes, interfaces, use cases; behavioral things like interactions and state machines; relationships like associations, generalizations; and diagrams like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and use case diagrams. It provides examples of many of these diagrams.
Documenting Software Architectural Component and Connector with UML 2editor1knowledgecuddle
Earlierversions of the UML have been an out of depth for documenting software architectures like component, port, connector and system. Users have adopted conventions for representing architectural concepts using different grouping of UML modeling element. They can also create profiles to focus the UML. Changes incorporated in UML 2 have improved UML’s suitability for software architectural documentation, but UML is still an out of your depth for documenting some types of architectural information. In this paper, there is description of documenting component and connector using UML but in particular case, documenting architectural connectors and components remains problematic. Keywords: - component, connector
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, purpose, key diagrams, and popular modeling tools. UML was developed to provide a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It includes nine commonly used diagram types for different views of a system. The diagrams can be categorized as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they describe a system's structure, behavior, or deployment. Popular UML modeling tools help generate code from diagrams and reverse engineer diagrams from code.
The document discusses CASE tools and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). CASE tools help develop information systems through modeling, methodology, and automatic code generation. UML is a standard language for modeling software systems using visual elements like classes, interfaces, collaborations and use cases. UML has three main components - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things include structural elements like classes and interfaces, behavioral elements, and grouping/annotational elements. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams include class, use case, sequence, state chart, and others.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML was created by the Object Management Group as a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It introduces key concepts of UML including its goals, building blocks, basic notations, and types of modeling. UML uses standard visual notations like diagrams, classes, use cases to model both structural and behavioral aspects of a system.
This document provides an introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a general purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. The key building blocks of UML include things like classes, interfaces, use cases and relationships between these things. It also describes the different types of UML diagrams like class, sequence, activity diagrams and how they can be used. Finally, it stresses the importance of identifying the problem domain when developing models.
The Application of Function Models In Software Design: A Survey Within the So...CSCJournals
Numerous function modelling approaches exist for software design. However, there is little empirical evidence on how these approaches are used in the early stages of software design. This article presents the results of an online survey on the application of function models in the academic and industrial software development community. The results show that more than 90% of the 75 respondents agreed with the statement that software projects that use function modelling techniques have a higher chance of success than other projects. UML is the most widely accepted and used modelling approach among the respondents, but only a handful of UML diagrams appear to be prominently addressed during the early software design stages. Asked for reasons for selecting or rejecting UML models the majority of respondents mentioned using function models to understand software requirements and communicate these with clients and technical teams, whereas lack of familiarity, the time-consuming nature of some models and data redundancy are widely mentioned reasons for not or seldomly using certain models. The study also shows a strong relationship between model usage and respondents’ professions. We conclude that improvements are required to ensure the benefits of the various available models and the links between the models can be fully exploited to support individual designers, to improve communication and collaboration, and to increase project success. A short discussion on the chosen solution direction - a simplified function modelling approach – closes the paper.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented data modeling. It describes UML as a complete language for capturing and communicating knowledge about a subject. The document outlines the goals of UML, the advantages it provides, and how it can be used. It also describes the different categories of UML diagrams including structural diagrams for describing static relationships and behavioral diagrams for describing dynamic relationships. Use case models and how they represent user interactions with a system are discussed. An example use case diagram for an order placement process is included.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented data modeling. It describes UML as a complete language for capturing and communicating knowledge about a subject. The document outlines the goals of UML, the advantages it provides, and how it can be used. It also describes the different categories of UML diagrams including structural diagrams for describing static relationships and behavioral diagrams for describing dynamic relationships. Use case models and how they represent user interactions with a system are discussed. An example use case diagram for an order placement process is included.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a tool used for modeling software systems and business processes. It discusses the goals of UML which are to visualize, specify, and document systems. The presentation then covers the different types of modeling in UML including structural and behavioral, the basic building blocks of UML diagrams such as boxes, messages, actions, and relationships. It concludes by providing a class diagram example and references.
UML is a standard language used to specify, visualize, and document software systems. It was created by the Object Management Group in 1997. UML uses diagrams and notations to model different aspects of a software system, including its structure, behavior, and architecture. It helps with object-oriented analysis and design by allowing developers to model systems in a visual way before and during implementation. The document provides an overview of UML, its goals, basic concepts, modeling types, building blocks like classes and relationships, and common notations.
UML is a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software systems. It was created by the Object Management Group in 1997. UML can be used to model both software and non-software systems through diagrams and allows for generating code from models. The goal of UML is to provide a general-purpose modeling language that is easy to understand and use to model systems for various users.
UML is a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software systems. It was created by the Object Management Group in 1997. UML can be used to model both software and non-software systems through diagrams and allows for generating code from models. The document then discusses UML's relationship to object-oriented concepts, analysis and design processes, and its building blocks including things like classes, interfaces, use cases, and interactions.
The document provides an overview of the core concepts and processes involved in systems analysis and design using a running example project from beginning to end. It introduces the systems development life cycle (SDLC) as consisting of six core processes: (1) identifying needs and obtaining approval, (2) planning and monitoring the project, (3) defining requirements, (4) designing solutions, (5) building and testing solutions, and (6) launching solutions. The chapter then discusses these six core processes that are common to all types of SDLC approaches.
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
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PhD Core Paper Unit 5 _Part 1 Software Design and UML Use Case Modeling.pdf
1. Ph.D – Core Paper
Computer Science and
Engineering (May 2022 Batch)
Unit 5: Software Design and
UML Use Case Modeling
2. Course Specification
Ph.D – CORE Paper
Computer Science and Engineering (May 2021 Batch)
Total Hours: 60 Credits: 4
UNIT 5_ PART 1: SOFTWARE DESIGN AND UML USE CASE
MODELING ( 10 HOURS )
2
By
Dr. M.K. Jayanthi Kannan, M.E.,MS.,MBA., M.Phil.,Ph.D.,
Professor,
Faculty of Engineering & Technology,
JAIN Deemed To-Be University,
Bengaluru.
Staff Room: 324- 8.
Office Hours : 8.30 AM -4 PM
Department of Computer Science
and Engineering,
FET Block.
3. UNIT 5: SOFTWARE DESIGN AND UML USE CASE MODELING
Syllabus :
UML Modeling Concepts, Types of UML Diagrams with
Examples; User-Centered Design, Characteristics of Users,
Developing Use - Case Models of Systems, Use-Case
Diagram, Use- Case Descriptions,
Basics of User Interface Design, Usability Principles, User
Interfaces Process of Design, Principles Leading to Good
Design, Techniques for Making Good Design Decisions,
Good Design Document;
Pattern Introduction, Design Patterns: Abstraction-
Occurrence Pattern, General Hierarchical Pattern, Play-
Role Pattern, Singleton Pattern, Observer Pattern,
Delegation Pattern, Adaptor Pattern, Façade Pattern,
Immutable Pattern, Read-Only Interface Pattern and The
Proxy Pattern;
Software Architecture Contents of Architecture Model,
Architectural Patterns: Multilayer, Client-Server, Broker,
Transaction Processing, Pipe & Filter and MVC
Architectural Patterns.
3
4. UNIT 5_PART 1 : TOPICS
INTRODUCTION TO UML & MODELLING CONCEPTS
TYPES OF UML DIAGRAMS WITH EXAMPLES
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
CHARACTERISTICS OF UML
DEVELOPING USE-CASE MODELS
USE-CASE DIAGRAMS
USE-CASE DESCRIPTIONS
BASICS OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN
USABILITY PRINCIPLES & USER INTERFACES
4
6. o At the end of the 1980’s and the beginning of 1990’s, the first
Object-Oriented Development processes appeared.
• - Booch, Jacobson, Yourden, Rumbaugh
o In 1994, ‘Rumbaugh’ & ‘Booch’ decided to merge two important
methodologists & their approaches.
• They worked together at the Rational Software Corporation.
o In 1995, another methodologist, ‘Jacobson’, joined ‘Rumbaugh’
to the team his work focused on use cases.
o In 1997, the Object Management Group (OMG) started the
process of UML standardization.
o UML V2.0 is current version. 6
INTRODUCTION TO UML – Brief History
7. UML – Unified Modelling Language
The Unified Modelling Language is a standard graphical
language for modelling object oriented software.
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing,
constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software
systems.
UML is different from the other common programming
languages such as C++, Java, COBOL, etc.
UML is a pictorial language used to make software blueprints.
UML can be described as a general purpose visual modeling
language to visualize, specify, construct, and document
software system.
What's UML and Why Do You Need It?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CBnAmYnwk0 7
WHAT IS UML?
9. 9
UML is a modelling language to express and design
documents, software:
- Particularly useful for OO Design
- Not a process, but some have been proposed using UML
- Independent of implementation language.
WHAT IS UML? (Contd.)
Language can be used from general initial design to very
specific detailed design across the entire software development
lifecycle.
Open Standard, Graphical notation for specifying, visualizing,
constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software
systems.
Support for diverse application areas.
Based open experience and needs of the user community.
WHY USE UML?
14. A Model is an abstraction describing a subset of a system.
A View depicts selected aspects of a model.
A Notation is a set of graphical or textural rules for depicting
views.
Views & Models of a single system overlap each other.
Example:
System: Aircraft
Models: Flight Simulator, Scale Model
Views: All blueprints, Electrical wiring, Fuel system.
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Systems, Models & Views
16. The below shows different model, view & diagrams:
16
Models, Views & Diagrams
17. Use Case
Capture Requirements
Domain Model
Capture Process, Key Classes
Design Model
Capture details & behaviour of use cases & domain
objects.
Add classes that do the work & define the architecture.
17
BASIC MODELLING STEPS
19. 19
The building blocks of UML can be defined as:
(1) Things
(2) Relationships
(3) UML Diagrams
(1) Things: are the most important building blocks of UML.
Things can be:
(i) Structural Things
(ii) Behavioral Things
(iii) Grouping Things
(iv) Annotational Things
UML MODELLING CONCEPTS
20. (i) Structural Things - define the static part of the model. They
represent the physical and conceptual elements.
(a) Class − Class represents a set of objects having similar responsibilities.
(b) Interface − Interface defines a set of operations, which specify the
responsibility of a class.
(c) Collaboration −Collaboration defines an interaction between elements.
(d) Use case −Use case represents a set of actions performed by a system for
a specific goal.
(e) Component −Component describes the physical part of a system.
(f) Node − A node can be defined as a physical element that exists at run
time.
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UML MODELLING CONCEPTS (Contd.)
Class Interface Collaboration Use case
Component
Node
21. (ii) Behavioral Things: consists of the dynamic parts of UML
models. Following are the behavioral things:
(a) Interaction − Interaction is defined as a behavior that consists of a group of
messages exchanged among elements to accomplish a specific task.
(b) State machine − State machine is useful when the state of an object in its
life cycle is important. It defines the sequence of states an object goes through
in response to events. Events are external factors responsible for state
change.
(iii) Grouping Things: can be defined as a mechanism to group
elements of a UML model together. There is only one grouping thing
available:
(a) Package − Package is the only one grouping thing available for gathering
structural and behavioral things.
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UML MODELLING CONCEPTS (Contd.)
22. (iv) Annotational Things: can be defined as a mechanism to
capture remarks, descriptions, and comments of UML model
elements.
(a) Note - It is the only one Annotational thing available. A note is used
to render comments, constraints, etc. of an UML element.
(2) Relationships: is another most important building block of UML.
It shows how the elements are associated with each other and this
association describes the functionality of an application. There are
four kinds of relationships available:
(i) Dependency
(ii) Association
(iii) Generalization
(iv) Realization
22
UML MODELLING CONCEPTS (Contd.)
23. (i) Dependency : Dependency is a relationship between two things in
which change in one element also affects the other.
(ii) Association: Association is basically a set of links that connects the
elements of a UML model. It also describes how many objects are taking part
in that relationship.
(iii) Generalization: Generalization can be defined as a relationship
which connects a specialized element with a generalized element. It basically
describes the inheritance relationship in the world of objects.
(iv) Realization: Realization can be defined as a relationship in which two
elements are connected. One element describes some responsibility, which is
not implemented and the other one implements them. This relationship
exists in case of interfaces.
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UML MODELLING CONCEPTS (Contd.)
25. (3) UML Diagrams
UML diagrams are the ultimate output of the entire
discussion. All the elements, relationships are used to make a
complete UML diagram and the diagram represents a system.
The visual effect of the UML diagram is the most important
part of the entire process. All the other elements are used to
make it complete.
UML includes the following :
Class diagram
Object diagram
Use case diagram
Sequence diagram
Collaboration diagram
Activity diagram
Statechart diagram
Deployment diagram
Component diagram
25
UML MODELLING CONCEPTS (Contd.)
28. TYPES OF UML DIAGRAMS
WITH EXAMPLES
28
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yt8XkYIdhVU
29. 29
UML DIAGRAMS
(a) Class diagrams:
describe classes and their relationships
(b) Interaction diagrams:
show the behaviour of systems in terms of how objects
interact with each other
interactive behavior is represented in UML by two diagrams
known as Sequence diagram and Collaboration
diagram.
(c) State diagrams and activity diagrams:
show how systems behave internally
(d) Component and deployment diagrams:
show how the various components of systems are arranged
logically and physically
40. User-centered design is an iterative process that focuses on an
understanding of the users and their context in all stages of
design and development.
Each iteration of the UCD approach involves four distinct
phases:
(a) Understand the context
(b) Identify & specify user requirements
(c) Design phase
(d) Evaluation phase
40
USER-CENTERED DESIGN (UCD)
42. 42
UML CHARACTERISTICS
o The Characteristics of UML is:
It has detailed semantics
It has extension mechanisms
It has an associated textual language
Object Constraint Language (OCL)
The objective of UML is:
To assist in software development
It is not a methodology
44. A use-case is a typical sequence of actions that a user
performs in order to complete a given task.
The objective of use-case analysis is to model the system from
the point of view of:
how users interact with this system.
when trying to achieve their objectives.
It is one of the key activities in requirements analysis
o A use-case model consists of:
a set of use-cases.
an optional description or diagram indicating how they
are related.
44
Use-Cases: Describing how the user will use the system
45. A use-case should:
Cover the full sequence of steps from the beginning of a
task until the end.
Describe the user’s interaction with the system ...
Not the computations the system performs.
Be written so as to be as independent as possible from any
particular user interface design.
Only include actions in which the actor interacts with the
computer.
Not actions a user does manually
45
Use-Cases (Contd.)
46. 46
SCENARIOS
A scenario is an instance of a use case
A specific occurrence of the use case
a specific actor ...
at a specific time ...
with specific data.
47. How to describe a single use case:
A. Name: Give a short, descriptive name to the use case.
B. Actors: List the actors who can perform this use case.
C. Goals: Explain what the actor or actors are trying to achieve.
D. Preconditions: State of the system before the use case.
E. Summary: Give a short informal description.
F. Related use cases.
G. Steps: Describe each step using a 2-column format.
H. Postconditions: State of the system in following completion.
A and G are the most important.
47
Use-Cases (Contd.)
50. Example 1: SCHOOL LOGIN SYSTEM
50
USE-CASE DIAGRAMS (Example-1)
51. Example 2: STUDENT ADMISSION PROCESS
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USE-CASE DIAGRAMS (Example-2)
52. Use case: Open file by browsing
Related use cases:
Specialization of: Open file
Includes: Browse for file
Steps:
Actor actions System responses
1. Choose ‘Open…’ command 2. File open dialog appears
3. Browse for file
4. Confirm selection 5. Dialog disappears
DESCRIPTION OF A USE-CASE (Contd.)
52
54. BASICS OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN
USABILITY PRINCIPLES & USER
INTERFACES
54
55. 55
BASICS OF USER-INTERFACE DESIGN,
USABILITY PRINCIPLES, USER INTERFACES
Everything depends on fully knowing your users, including
understanding their goals, skills, preferences, and their
tendencies.
This is important as once you know your user its make it easier
to choose the right interface elements as listed below:
First keep the interface simple.
Be sure to create consistency and use the common UI
elements that are expected.
Choose your page layout carefully.
Always display the defaults.
Visibility of system status.
Match between system and the real world.
Consistency and standards .
Error prevention.
Flexibility and efficiency of use .
56. Unit 4_Part 1 : Summary
So far in this Unit 5 _Part 1, we discussed the following concepts..
INTRODUCTION TO UML & MODELLING CONCEPTS
TYPES OF UML DIAGRAMS WITH EXAMPLES
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
CHARACTERISTICS OF UML
DEVELOPING USE-CASE MODELS
USE-CASE DIAGRAMS
USE-CASE DESCRIPTIONS
BASICS OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN
USABILITY PRINCIPLES & USER INTERFACES 56