Pharmacology
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Antihistamine is a drug that blocks the effects of histamine released during an allergy attack to treat allergic reaction symptoms. Side effects may include vision changes, confusion, irregular heartbeat, tremors, trouble urinating, unusual bleeding or bruising, and weakness. Bronchodilators open airways to treat asthma by clearing mucus and allowing more air flow through bronchial tubes. Different bronchodilators include beta-agonists administered via inhaler or orally, and anticholinergics for some individuals who cannot tolerate short-acting beta-agonists. Antibiotics are substances derived from microorganisms that can destroy or inhibit other microorganisms and are used to treat bacterial infections. Common
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Antihistamine
This document discusses anti-histamines, which act against the effects of histamine. It describes the different types of anti-histamines, including H1 antagonists, which inhibit histamine binding at the H1 receptor and are used to treat allergic reactions. H2 antagonists are described as inhibiting histamine effects at the H2 receptor and being used to treat peptic ulcer disease. Proton pump inhibitors are also summarized as blocking gastric acid secretion.
Antihistamine
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It works by binding to H1 receptors, especially in the nose, lungs, and skin. Antihistamines block this binding and relieve allergy symptoms. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness by crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation drugs like loratadine and fexofenadine mainly work in the periphery and have fewer side effects. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, nausea, motion sickness, and other issues involving the H1 receptor.
Anti histamines by faizan
This document discusses antihistamines, which are medicines used to treat allergies and other hypersensitive reactions. It begins by defining antihistamines and explaining how they work by blocking the effects of histamine at receptor sites. It then describes what causes allergies and the role of histamine. The document is divided into sections on the history of antihistamines, classes of antihistamines including first and second generation types, their uses, side effects, and the future of allergy treatment.
Antihistaminics
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine by competing for binding sites on histamine receptors. Histamine is released during allergic reactions from mast cells and basophils and acts on H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors throughout the body. Common antihistamines include first generation sedating antihistamines like diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine as well as newer second generation antihistamines with less sedation like cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, insomnia, and ulcers by blocking the H1 or H2 receptors through which
Cetirizine dihydrochloride
Generic name: Cetirizine hydrochloride.
Chemical name: [2- [4- [(4-chlorophenyl) phenylmethyl] -1- piperazinyl] ethoxy]acetic acid, dihydrochloride.
Cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine, is an antihistamine drug. Its main effects are achieved through selective inhibition of peripheral H1 receptors.
Cetirizine was rapidly absorbed with a time to maximum concentration of about 1 hour after oral administration of tablets or syrup formulation in adult volunteers.
Cetirizine hydrochloride syrup is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis due to allergens such as dust mites, animal dander and molds.
Cetirizine is a second generation drug.
Second generation antihistamines are developed to avoid or reduce the sedative effects of drug.
Second-generation antihistamines cross the blood–brain barrier to a much lower degree than the first-generation antihistamines. Their main benefit is they primarily affect peripheral histamine receptors and therefore are less sedating.
Antihistamines. Dr.Ashok Kumar Batham
This presentation is aimed at putting to-day's antihistamine drugs in a broad and proper perspective. Anti-histamines are classified based on their chemistry and more importantly on the chronology of their introduction. Their general actions, uses, pharmacokinetic features, and adverse effects are described making it easy for medical and pharmacy students to understand this class of widely used drugs.
Medications
This document provides information about various medications including an antibiotic (Amoxil/amoxicillin), an antihistamine (Fexofenadine), and a decongestant (Afrin/oxymetazoline nasal spray). It describes what each medication is used for, how it works, potential side effects, and important safety information.
pharmacology of anti histamines
This document discusses histamine and its role in inflammatory and allergic reactions. Histamine is an endogenous chemical released during inflammation from mast cells. It is involved in conditions like tissue injury, allergic reactions caused by antigens, and reactions to certain drugs. Histamine causes effects like decreased vascular resistance, increased vascular permeability and edema, stimulation of nerve endings causing pain, and bronchiole constriction in asthmatics. Anaphylaxis is a type 1 allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies binding to mast cells and basophils and causing massive histamine release. Common causes include foods, venoms, and exercise. Treatment involves epinephrine to counteract histamine's effects along with antihistamines that
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Antihistamine
This document discusses anti-histamines, which act against the effects of histamine. It describes the different types of anti-histamines, including H1 antagonists, which inhibit histamine binding at the H1 receptor and are used to treat allergic reactions. H2 antagonists are described as inhibiting histamine effects at the H2 receptor and being used to treat peptic ulcer disease. Proton pump inhibitors are also summarized as blocking gastric acid secretion.
Antihistamine
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It works by binding to H1 receptors, especially in the nose, lungs, and skin. Antihistamines block this binding and relieve allergy symptoms. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness by crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation drugs like loratadine and fexofenadine mainly work in the periphery and have fewer side effects. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, nausea, motion sickness, and other issues involving the H1 receptor.
Anti histamines by faizan
This document discusses antihistamines, which are medicines used to treat allergies and other hypersensitive reactions. It begins by defining antihistamines and explaining how they work by blocking the effects of histamine at receptor sites. It then describes what causes allergies and the role of histamine. The document is divided into sections on the history of antihistamines, classes of antihistamines including first and second generation types, their uses, side effects, and the future of allergy treatment.
Antihistaminics
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine by competing for binding sites on histamine receptors. Histamine is released during allergic reactions from mast cells and basophils and acts on H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors throughout the body. Common antihistamines include first generation sedating antihistamines like diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine as well as newer second generation antihistamines with less sedation like cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, insomnia, and ulcers by blocking the H1 or H2 receptors through which
Cetirizine dihydrochloride
Generic name: Cetirizine hydrochloride.
Chemical name: [2- [4- [(4-chlorophenyl) phenylmethyl] -1- piperazinyl] ethoxy]acetic acid, dihydrochloride.
Cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine, is an antihistamine drug. Its main effects are achieved through selective inhibition of peripheral H1 receptors.
Cetirizine was rapidly absorbed with a time to maximum concentration of about 1 hour after oral administration of tablets or syrup formulation in adult volunteers.
Cetirizine hydrochloride syrup is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis due to allergens such as dust mites, animal dander and molds.
Cetirizine is a second generation drug.
Second generation antihistamines are developed to avoid or reduce the sedative effects of drug.
Second-generation antihistamines cross the blood–brain barrier to a much lower degree than the first-generation antihistamines. Their main benefit is they primarily affect peripheral histamine receptors and therefore are less sedating.
Antihistamines. Dr.Ashok Kumar Batham
This presentation is aimed at putting to-day's antihistamine drugs in a broad and proper perspective. Anti-histamines are classified based on their chemistry and more importantly on the chronology of their introduction. Their general actions, uses, pharmacokinetic features, and adverse effects are described making it easy for medical and pharmacy students to understand this class of widely used drugs.
Medications
This document provides information about various medications including an antibiotic (Amoxil/amoxicillin), an antihistamine (Fexofenadine), and a decongestant (Afrin/oxymetazoline nasal spray). It describes what each medication is used for, how it works, potential side effects, and important safety information.
pharmacology of anti histamines
This document discusses histamine and its role in inflammatory and allergic reactions. Histamine is an endogenous chemical released during inflammation from mast cells. It is involved in conditions like tissue injury, allergic reactions caused by antigens, and reactions to certain drugs. Histamine causes effects like decreased vascular resistance, increased vascular permeability and edema, stimulation of nerve endings causing pain, and bronchiole constriction in asthmatics. Anaphylaxis is a type 1 allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies binding to mast cells and basophils and causing massive histamine release. Common causes include foods, venoms, and exercise. Treatment involves epinephrine to counteract histamine's effects along with antihistamines that
Levocetirizine
A short presentation I gave for my medical school pharmacology. A little rough in places, but I really just wanted to try this service.
Pharmacology
A 28-year-old woman presents to a court-ordered drug treatment center for methamphetamine abuse. She initially started taking methamphetamine to stay awake for two jobs but continued using it for its euphoric effects. Methamphetamine's reinforcing effects are most likely due to its ability to induce dopamine release in the brain.
ANTIHITAMINE - LEVOCETIRIZINE
DRUG PRESENTATION ON LEVOCETIRIZINE
B.Sc. NURSING 2ND YEAR
MAHARAJA AGRASEN NURSING COLLEGE , BAHADURGARH
Antihistamines
The document discusses antihistamines and their use in treating allergies. It outlines the history and prevalence of allergies and describes the role of histamine in the allergic response. There are three generations of antihistamines described - first generation had more side effects while later generations were developed to be more selective for receptors with fewer side effects. The document covers common allergens, symptoms, histamine receptors, allergic reactions, properties of different antihistamine generations, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and the future of allergy treatment.
Anti histamine drug abuse
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine, which is released during allergic reactions. Histamine binds to H1 receptors and causes inflammation. First generation antihistamines are sedating as they penetrate the central nervous system, whereas newer generations have limited effects. Long term abuse of sedating antihistamines can lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Overdose effects include drowsiness, hallucinations, and potentially seizures or heart problems. Pharmacists can help prevent antihistamine abuse by refusing sales, warning other pharmacies, claiming lack of stock, and limiting supplies to suspicious customers.
Antihistamine drug
This document discusses antihistamines and their classification, mechanisms of action, and effects. It describes first and second generation antihistamines. First generation drugs like dimenhydrinate are highly sedating and act as H1 receptor antagonists to reduce allergic reactions. Second generation drugs like astemizole have less sedation and do not cross the blood brain barrier. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking the effects of histamine at receptor sites and providing relief from symptoms.
Antihistamines - Pharmacology
Histamine is a chemical messenger that mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils before being released in response to stimuli. Histamine binds to H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors, with the H1 and H2 receptors being clinically relevant drug targets. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking H1 receptors, and H2 receptor blockers inhibit gastric acid secretion. First-generation antihistamines have greater sedative and anticholinergic side effects than second-generation drugs due to interactions with other receptors.
Antihistamine Drugs
This document discusses antihistamines, which work by blocking the effects of the chemical histamine in the body. Histamine is released during allergic reactions and causes symptoms like smooth muscle contraction, increased capillary permeability, and nerve stimulation. There are two main types of histamine receptors that antihistamines target - H1 and H2. The most common antihistamines are diphenhydramine, loratadine, and cetirizine. They are used to treat allergic disorders, rhinitis, insect bites, drug reactions, and anaphylaxis by inhibiting the effects of histamine. Potential side effects include sedation, dizziness, and dry mouth.
Antihistamine (Loratadine)
This document discusses antihistamines, which are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine released during allergic reactions. Histamine causes symptoms like runny nose and itching. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine from binding to receptors. Common uses include treating allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives, and insect bites. First generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness while second generation drugs like loratadine are less sedating. Loratadine is prescribed for allergies and hives, with dosages varying based on age. It has the advantage of not causing drowsiness like other antihistamines.
Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of the chemical histamine. They are used to treat allergic conditions like rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives, and anaphylaxis. First generation antihistamines can cause sedation and other side effects due to crossing the blood brain barrier, while second generation antihistamines are more selective and have fewer side effects. Common structural features of antihistamines include two aromatic rings connected by a central atom, with small alkyl groups substituted on the amine. Newer second generation antihistamines are effective at relieving allergies with fewer adverse side effects.
Atarax (Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Tablets)
Atarax (hydroxyzine hydrochloride) is an antihistamine used to treat itching from conditions like hives and eczema. It is also used to treat anxiety and as premedication for dental procedures. It works by blocking histamine receptors. Atarax tablets come in 10mg or 25mg doses and should be stored at room temperature between 15-30 degrees Celsius. Common side effects include dry mouth and drowsiness. Atarax can interact with other CNS depressants and its use requires caution in certain conditions.
antihistamine (1)
This document discusses autacoids, specifically histamine and antihistamines. It defines autacoids as hormone-like substances that are produced locally and act on nearby tissues. Histamine is an important autacoid that binds to four receptor types (H1-H4) and is involved in allergic responses. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, especially H1 receptors. The document compares first, second, and third generation antihistamines and their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects. It also discusses five common antihistamine drugs produced in Bangladesh.
Antihistamine introduction by Ho-Chang Kuo, MD (郭和昌醫師)
The document summarizes the history and development of antihistamines for treating allergic rhinitis and histamine-induced wheals. It discusses the different types of histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) and their functions. It then outlines the evolution of various antihistamines from early sedating 1st generation drugs to newer 2nd and 3rd generation non-sedating drugs like levocetirizine. The optimal properties of antihistamines and pharmacokinetic profiles of select antihistamines are also compared.
Antihistamine
This document provides an overview of antihistamines and allergies. It defines antihistamines as drugs that reduce the effects of histamine, which is released during allergic reactions. The document discusses the causes of allergies and the role of histamine. It also outlines the different classes of antihistamines, including first generation antihistamines and their associated side effects, as well as newer second generation antihistamines that are more selective. The clinical uses of antihistamines and future directions for allergy treatment are also briefly mentioned.
Antihistamines satya
this ppt is on pharmacology of histamine&Antihistamines... highlighting the important areas with illustrations and pictures for understanding and remembering easily....
Antihistamine drugs
Antihistamine drugs
Introduction
Antihistamines are drugs that treat allergy symptoms by blocking the effects of histamines.
Histamine is chemical released by your body during an allergic reaction and acts on a specific histamine receptor.
There are four types of histamine receptor: H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors.
The term antihistamine only refers to H1 receptor antagonists.
allergy symptoms:
Congestion, runny nose, sneezing, or itching
Swelling of the nasal passages
Hives and other skin rashes
Itchy, runny eye
Mechanism Of Action
Block action of histamine at H1 receptors.
Compete with histamine for binding at unoccupied receptors.
Cannot push histamine off the receptors if already bound.
Types of Antihistamine
1: first-generation drugs
sedating antihistamine drugs block peripheral H1 receptors, but also cross the blood – brain barrier and block central H1 and cholinergic receptors as well.
Ex. diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Dimetindene (fenistil)
2: second-generation drugs
Non-sedating antihistamine drugs block peripheral H1 receptors, but do not cross the blood – brain barrier.
Ex. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) - Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin)
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is in a class of medications called antihistamines
1st generation antihistamine
Has a peripheral and central H1-antagonist action
Sedating antihistamine
Uses
allergic symptoms - insomnia - common cold - Motion sickness
Adverse side effects
Side effects are due to CNS depression :
Sedation - Dizziness - Euphoria - Blurred vision - Tinnitus
Anticholinergic effects
Contraindication
hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine
this drug should not be used in new-born or premature infants
interaction
Alcohol and other CNS depressants
MAO inhibitors
Antihistamines & antiallergics
The document discusses antihistamines and antiallergics. It begins with an introduction to histamine, including its discovery, biosynthesis from histidine, storage in mast cells, and role in allergic responses. It then covers the mechanisms of action of histamine at H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors. The document discusses first and second generation antihistamines that work by blocking these receptors. Finally, it lists common indications for antihistamine use and potential side effects.
Antihistamine drugs
This document discusses antihistamine drugs and how they work. It explains that antihistamines treat allergies by blocking the effects of the chemical histamine in the body. There are two major classes of antihistamines - H1-antihistamines which act on histamine H1 receptors, and H2-antihistamines which act on histamine H2 receptors in the stomach. H1-antihistamines are used to treat allergic reactions and conditions like insomnia, while H2-antihistamines are used to treat gastric acid conditions like ulcers. The document also provides classifications of different antihistamine drugs and their common uses.
Antihistamines mani
The document provides information about antihistamines and histamine. It discusses how histamine is synthesized and stored in mast cells and non-mast cells. It also describes the four types of histamine receptors (H1-H4) and their roles. The mechanisms and pharmacological actions of histamine are explained. Finally, the document summarizes the types, uses, pharmacokinetics and side effects of different generations of antihistamines used to treat conditions caused by histamine such as allergies and motion sickness.
Pharmacology of Antihistamine agents. Immunopharmacology
This presentation gives detailed information about antihistamine agents ,immunopharmacology .They also give details about their classification and mechanism of action.
Pharmacology
Antihistamines are drugs that block the effects of histamine released during an allergic reaction to relieve symptoms. Bronchodilators open the bronchial tubes to make breathing easier by clearing mucus from the lungs. Antibiotics are substances derived from organisms that can destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and can cause side effects like diarrhea, sickness, fungal infections, kidney stones, and blood disorders.
Respiratory Drugs final.pptx
This document summarizes various respiratory drugs divided into two categories. The first treats minor issues like congestion and allergies. The second treats more serious conditions like asthma. It discusses specific drug classes including antitussives to suppress coughing, decongestants to relieve nasal congestion, antihistamines to reduce allergic symptoms, mucolytics and expectorants to thin mucus, bronchodilators for conditions like COPD, and anticholinergics to prevent bronchoconstriction. Each drug class is described in terms of its mechanism of action and common adverse effects.
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A short presentation I gave for my medical school pharmacology. A little rough in places, but I really just wanted to try this service.
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A 28-year-old woman presents to a court-ordered drug treatment center for methamphetamine abuse. She initially started taking methamphetamine to stay awake for two jobs but continued using it for its euphoric effects. Methamphetamine's reinforcing effects are most likely due to its ability to induce dopamine release in the brain.
ANTIHITAMINE - LEVOCETIRIZINE
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B.Sc. NURSING 2ND YEAR
MAHARAJA AGRASEN NURSING COLLEGE , BAHADURGARH
Antihistamines
The document discusses antihistamines and their use in treating allergies. It outlines the history and prevalence of allergies and describes the role of histamine in the allergic response. There are three generations of antihistamines described - first generation had more side effects while later generations were developed to be more selective for receptors with fewer side effects. The document covers common allergens, symptoms, histamine receptors, allergic reactions, properties of different antihistamine generations, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and the future of allergy treatment.
Anti histamine drug abuse
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine, which is released during allergic reactions. Histamine binds to H1 receptors and causes inflammation. First generation antihistamines are sedating as they penetrate the central nervous system, whereas newer generations have limited effects. Long term abuse of sedating antihistamines can lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Overdose effects include drowsiness, hallucinations, and potentially seizures or heart problems. Pharmacists can help prevent antihistamine abuse by refusing sales, warning other pharmacies, claiming lack of stock, and limiting supplies to suspicious customers.
Antihistamine drug
This document discusses antihistamines and their classification, mechanisms of action, and effects. It describes first and second generation antihistamines. First generation drugs like dimenhydrinate are highly sedating and act as H1 receptor antagonists to reduce allergic reactions. Second generation drugs like astemizole have less sedation and do not cross the blood brain barrier. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking the effects of histamine at receptor sites and providing relief from symptoms.
Antihistamines - Pharmacology
Histamine is a chemical messenger that mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils before being released in response to stimuli. Histamine binds to H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors, with the H1 and H2 receptors being clinically relevant drug targets. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking H1 receptors, and H2 receptor blockers inhibit gastric acid secretion. First-generation antihistamines have greater sedative and anticholinergic side effects than second-generation drugs due to interactions with other receptors.
Antihistamine Drugs
This document discusses antihistamines, which work by blocking the effects of the chemical histamine in the body. Histamine is released during allergic reactions and causes symptoms like smooth muscle contraction, increased capillary permeability, and nerve stimulation. There are two main types of histamine receptors that antihistamines target - H1 and H2. The most common antihistamines are diphenhydramine, loratadine, and cetirizine. They are used to treat allergic disorders, rhinitis, insect bites, drug reactions, and anaphylaxis by inhibiting the effects of histamine. Potential side effects include sedation, dizziness, and dry mouth.
Antihistamine (Loratadine)
This document discusses antihistamines, which are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine released during allergic reactions. Histamine causes symptoms like runny nose and itching. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine from binding to receptors. Common uses include treating allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives, and insect bites. First generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness while second generation drugs like loratadine are less sedating. Loratadine is prescribed for allergies and hives, with dosages varying based on age. It has the advantage of not causing drowsiness like other antihistamines.
Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of the chemical histamine. They are used to treat allergic conditions like rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives, and anaphylaxis. First generation antihistamines can cause sedation and other side effects due to crossing the blood brain barrier, while second generation antihistamines are more selective and have fewer side effects. Common structural features of antihistamines include two aromatic rings connected by a central atom, with small alkyl groups substituted on the amine. Newer second generation antihistamines are effective at relieving allergies with fewer adverse side effects.
Atarax (Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Tablets)
Atarax (hydroxyzine hydrochloride) is an antihistamine used to treat itching from conditions like hives and eczema. It is also used to treat anxiety and as premedication for dental procedures. It works by blocking histamine receptors. Atarax tablets come in 10mg or 25mg doses and should be stored at room temperature between 15-30 degrees Celsius. Common side effects include dry mouth and drowsiness. Atarax can interact with other CNS depressants and its use requires caution in certain conditions.
antihistamine (1)
This document discusses autacoids, specifically histamine and antihistamines. It defines autacoids as hormone-like substances that are produced locally and act on nearby tissues. Histamine is an important autacoid that binds to four receptor types (H1-H4) and is involved in allergic responses. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, especially H1 receptors. The document compares first, second, and third generation antihistamines and their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects. It also discusses five common antihistamine drugs produced in Bangladesh.
Antihistamine introduction by Ho-Chang Kuo, MD (郭和昌醫師)
The document summarizes the history and development of antihistamines for treating allergic rhinitis and histamine-induced wheals. It discusses the different types of histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) and their functions. It then outlines the evolution of various antihistamines from early sedating 1st generation drugs to newer 2nd and 3rd generation non-sedating drugs like levocetirizine. The optimal properties of antihistamines and pharmacokinetic profiles of select antihistamines are also compared.
Antihistamine
This document provides an overview of antihistamines and allergies. It defines antihistamines as drugs that reduce the effects of histamine, which is released during allergic reactions. The document discusses the causes of allergies and the role of histamine. It also outlines the different classes of antihistamines, including first generation antihistamines and their associated side effects, as well as newer second generation antihistamines that are more selective. The clinical uses of antihistamines and future directions for allergy treatment are also briefly mentioned.
Antihistamines satya
this ppt is on pharmacology of histamine&Antihistamines... highlighting the important areas with illustrations and pictures for understanding and remembering easily....
Antihistamine drugs
Antihistamine drugs
Introduction
Antihistamines are drugs that treat allergy symptoms by blocking the effects of histamines.
Histamine is chemical released by your body during an allergic reaction and acts on a specific histamine receptor.
There are four types of histamine receptor: H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors.
The term antihistamine only refers to H1 receptor antagonists.
allergy symptoms:
Congestion, runny nose, sneezing, or itching
Swelling of the nasal passages
Hives and other skin rashes
Itchy, runny eye
Mechanism Of Action
Block action of histamine at H1 receptors.
Compete with histamine for binding at unoccupied receptors.
Cannot push histamine off the receptors if already bound.
Types of Antihistamine
1: first-generation drugs
sedating antihistamine drugs block peripheral H1 receptors, but also cross the blood – brain barrier and block central H1 and cholinergic receptors as well.
Ex. diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Dimetindene (fenistil)
2: second-generation drugs
Non-sedating antihistamine drugs block peripheral H1 receptors, but do not cross the blood – brain barrier.
Ex. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) - Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin)
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is in a class of medications called antihistamines
1st generation antihistamine
Has a peripheral and central H1-antagonist action
Sedating antihistamine
Uses
allergic symptoms - insomnia - common cold - Motion sickness
Adverse side effects
Side effects are due to CNS depression :
Sedation - Dizziness - Euphoria - Blurred vision - Tinnitus
Anticholinergic effects
Contraindication
hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine
this drug should not be used in new-born or premature infants
interaction
Alcohol and other CNS depressants
MAO inhibitors
Antihistamines & antiallergics
The document discusses antihistamines and antiallergics. It begins with an introduction to histamine, including its discovery, biosynthesis from histidine, storage in mast cells, and role in allergic responses. It then covers the mechanisms of action of histamine at H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors. The document discusses first and second generation antihistamines that work by blocking these receptors. Finally, it lists common indications for antihistamine use and potential side effects.
Antihistamine drugs
This document discusses antihistamine drugs and how they work. It explains that antihistamines treat allergies by blocking the effects of the chemical histamine in the body. There are two major classes of antihistamines - H1-antihistamines which act on histamine H1 receptors, and H2-antihistamines which act on histamine H2 receptors in the stomach. H1-antihistamines are used to treat allergic reactions and conditions like insomnia, while H2-antihistamines are used to treat gastric acid conditions like ulcers. The document also provides classifications of different antihistamine drugs and their common uses.
Antihistamines mani
The document provides information about antihistamines and histamine. It discusses how histamine is synthesized and stored in mast cells and non-mast cells. It also describes the four types of histamine receptors (H1-H4) and their roles. The mechanisms and pharmacological actions of histamine are explained. Finally, the document summarizes the types, uses, pharmacokinetics and side effects of different generations of antihistamines used to treat conditions caused by histamine such as allergies and motion sickness.
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Antihistamines are drugs that block the effects of histamine released during an allergic reaction to relieve symptoms. Bronchodilators open the bronchial tubes to make breathing easier by clearing mucus from the lungs. Antibiotics are substances derived from organisms that can destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and can cause side effects like diarrhea, sickness, fungal infections, kidney stones, and blood disorders.
Respiratory Drugs final.pptx
This document summarizes various respiratory drugs divided into two categories. The first treats minor issues like congestion and allergies. The second treats more serious conditions like asthma. It discusses specific drug classes including antitussives to suppress coughing, decongestants to relieve nasal congestion, antihistamines to reduce allergic symptoms, mucolytics and expectorants to thin mucus, bronchodilators for conditions like COPD, and anticholinergics to prevent bronchoconstriction. Each drug class is described in terms of its mechanism of action and common adverse effects.
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Respiratory agents are medicines used to treat respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and COPD. They are available as oral tablets, liquids, injections, or inhalations to directly deliver medicine to the lungs. Some inhalers contain multiple medicines.
The document then discusses different classes of drugs used for respiratory diseases, including bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors, and anti-IgE drugs. It provides examples of medicines in each class and describes their mechanisms of action, uses, side effects and nursing considerations.
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The document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat respiratory conditions:
1) Antihistamines are used to treat allergies and inflammation by blocking histamine. First generation types cause more sedation.
2) Antitussives suppress cough reflexes. Benzonatate and codeine are examples.
3) Bronchodilators like albuterol and ipratropium open airways for COPD/asthma. Xanthines like theophylline also dilate airways and vessels.
4) Expectorants and mucolytics thin mucus to ease coughing up secretions. Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic.
5
Pharmacology Respiratory Drugs
The document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat respiratory conditions:
1) Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking histamine. First generation causes more side effects like sedation.
2) Antitussives suppress cough reflex. Benzonatate and codeine are examples.
3) Bronchodilators like xanthines and beta-agonists open constricted airways. Theophylline is a xanthine that stimulates respiration but needs monitoring to avoid toxicity.
4) Expectorants and mucolytics help clear secretions by loosening mucus. Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic.
5) Drugs for
Respiratory drugs
This ppt briefly summaries the major drugs used in the management of respiratory disease and are used in their treatment. We will also have a look at the moa, contraindications, pharmacokinetics of drugs used in their treatment.
Respiratory Drugs.pptx
This document discusses several classes of respiratory drugs including antitussives, decongestants, antihistamines, mucolytics and expectorants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. It describes the mechanisms of action, indications for use, routes of administration, and potential adverse effects of drugs from each class. The classes covered include cough suppressants, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, mucus-thinning and cough-loosening drugs, beta-agonists, xanthines, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids, and cromones.
Respiratory Drugs.pptx
This document discusses several classes of respiratory drugs including antitussives, decongestants, antihistamines, mucolytics and expectorants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. It describes the mechanisms of action, indications for use, routes of administration, and potential adverse effects of drugs from each class. The classes covered include cough suppressants, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, mucus-thinning and cough-loosening drugs, beta-agonists, xanthines, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids, and cromones.
Bronchodilators
This document summarizes different classes of drugs used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD. It discusses bronchodilators including xanthine derivatives, beta agonists, and anticholinergics. It also covers anti-leukotrienes, corticosteroids, and mast cell stabilizers. For each class, it describes the mechanism of action, effects, uses, and important nursing considerations.
Bronchodilators
The document summarizes different types of drugs used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma. It describes bronchodilators including xanthine derivatives, beta agonists, and anticholinergics. It also discusses anti-leukotriene agents, corticosteroids, and mast cell stabilizers. For each drug class, it provides information on mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and side effects.
DRUGS-FOR-ALLERGY-INFLAMMATION-BLOOD-AND.pptx
This document discusses various drugs used to treat allergies, inflammation, blood disorders, and immune system disorders. It focuses on antihistamines which block histamine receptors to relieve allergy symptoms, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. First and second generation antihistamines are described along with their mechanisms of action, side effects, and examples like diphenhydramine. The document also explains how NSAIDs work, lists the seven classes of NSAIDs including aspirin and indomethacin, and describes their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, uses, and side effects.
Respiratory Drugs.pptx
The document summarizes various respiratory agents divided into two categories. The first treats minor issues like congestion and allergies, while the second treats more serious conditions like asthma. It then provides details on specific drug classes including antitussives to suppress coughing, decongestants to relieve nasal congestion, antihistamines to reduce allergic symptoms, and mucolytics/expectorants to thin mucus and make coughing more productive. Potential adverse effects are also outlined for each class.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation of the airways, wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. It is caused by environmental triggers like dust, pollen, or viruses. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is diagnosed based on a patient's medical history and symptoms, and tests like spirometry. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and controlling symptoms using long-term control medications like inhaled corticosteroids and quick-relief medications for acute symptoms. The goal of treatment is to help patients live normal, active lives with minimal asthma symptoms or flare-ups.
Asthma
Bronchial Asthma is characterized by hyperresponsiveness of the airways and narrowing in response to stimuli. The document defines different types of asthma including extrinsic, intrinsic, occupational, exercise-induced, and drug-induced asthma. Diagnosis involves patient history, examination, spirometry, and challenge tests. Treatment includes avoidance of triggers, quick-relief bronchodilators, and long-term anti-inflammatory medications through a stepwise treatment approach based on asthma severity. The goals of treatment are to control symptoms, prevent exacerbations, and maintain lung function.
NurseReview.Org - Bronchodilators Updates (ati pharmacology topic descriptors)
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Drugs for Bronchial Asthma , classes of drugs used for Bronchial asthma
Drugs for Bronchial Asthma , classes of drugs used for Bronchial asthma , mechanism of action, guidelines for treatment of bronchial asthma
ANTI ASTHMATIC DRUGS
This document discusses anti-asthmatic drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and examples. It begins by defining anti-asthmatic drugs as medicines that treat or prevent asthma attacks by opening up airways. It then classifies these drugs based on their mechanism of action (bronchodilation or anti-inflammatory) and route of administration (oral, inhaled, etc.). The document provides examples of different drug classes, their advantages and disadvantages, and precautions for specific drugs. It concludes with monitoring advice for certain anti-asthmatic medications.
Respiratory pharmacology
This document discusses respiratory pharmacology and drugs used to treat disorders of the respiratory system. It begins with an overview of the respiratory system and process of respiration. The main focus is on pharmacotherapy for bronchial asthma, including bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, muscarinic receptor antagonists, and corticosteroids. Other topics covered include mast cell stabilizers, treatment of status asthmaticus, anti-tussives, decongestants, bronchitis, and treatment of the common cold.
Drug Prescriptions
The document discusses medications used to treat respiratory system issues. It describes antihistamines which block histamine released during allergies and relieve symptoms like congestion. Bronchodilators relax bronchial tube muscles to treat asthma and come in short-acting forms for emergencies and long-acting daily use. Decongestants reduce stuffiness throughout the respiratory system by drying mucus rather than blocking histamine, and natural options include exercise and caffeine.
Disorder of organ system Pdf
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing, often at night or early morning. It is triggered by exposure to various irritants and allergens that differ between individuals. While asthma has no cure, it can be controlled through avoiding triggers, taking short-term rescue medications for symptoms, and long-term control medications daily to prevent symptoms and exacerbations. Proper management requires learning one's personal triggers and working with a medical provider.
Similar to Pharmacology (20)
NurseReview.Org - Bronchodilators Updates (ati pharmacology topic descriptors)
NurseReview.Org - Bronchodilators Updates (ati pharmacology topic descriptors)
Drugs for Bronchial Asthma , classes of drugs used for Bronchial asthma
Drugs for Bronchial Asthma , classes of drugs used for Bronchial asthma
Pharmacology
- 1. Pharmacology Jalisa Baker Biology 120 Chapter 7
- 2. Antihistamine Antihistamine is a brand name for drug to generic drugs like diphenhydramine, fexofenadine. Antihistamine is a drug that blocks the effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergy attack. In other words, antihistamine is used to treat the symptoms of an allergic reaction.
- 3. Side effects to antihistamine changes in vision confused, agitated, nervous irregular or fast heartbeat tremor trouble passing urine unusual bleeding or bruising unusually weak or tired
- 4. bronchodilator Bronchodilators are drugs used to treat asthma. Bronchodilators open up the bronchial tubes so that more air can move through. Bronchodilators also help clear mucus from the lungs. As the airways open, the mucus moves more freely and can be coughed out more easily.
- 5. Different bronchodilators for treating asthma symptoms Beta-agonists- Beta-agonists can be administered by inhalers or orally. They are called "agonists" because they activate the beta-2 receptor on the muscles surrounding the airways. Anticholinergics- Anticholinergics provide some bronchodilatation ,airway opening, in certain individuals. Although not generally the first choice of rescue medicines for acute symptoms, some asthmatics cannot tolerate short acting beta2-agonists and thus an anticholinergic
- 6. Antibiotic Antibiotics are a substance, such as penicillin or streptomycin, derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
- 7. Side effects of antibiotics Diarrhea Feeling and being sick Fungal infections of the mouth, digestive tract and vagina These are rare side effects to antibiotics: Formation of kidney stones ,when taking sulphonamides. Abnormal blood clotting ,when taking some cephalosporins. Sensitivity to sun ,when taking tetracyclines. Blood disorders ,when taking trimethoprim. Deafness ,when taking erythromycin and the aminoglycosides,