Pharma First International is expanding its operations in Europe. Mike Harrisson was hired as an assistant to oversee integration of subsidiaries, but struggled due to cultural differences. In a meeting, Jason Walter decides to keep Mike and implement changes to improve the situation. He recommends cultural training, ensuring Mike's family is settled, and assigning Anja and others to support Mike's understanding of European culture. This aims to help Mike build trust and succeed in his role overseeing integration. Jason also should have provided better support to prevent issues by educating Mike on cultural differences beforehand. Moving forward, recommendations include strategic planning, cultural training for all, and change management support during implementation.
This document discusses and compares different types of flash memory storage devices: solid state drives (SSD), memory cards, and USB flash drives. It provides details on what each type is, their specifications like size and storage capacity, advantages like portability and speed, and disadvantages like cost and durability. SSDs use flash memory and have no moving parts, providing faster access and transfer times than hard disks. Memory cards are used for media transfer between devices and come in formats like SD and microSD. USB flash drives simply plug into ports for convenient portable storage.
Rhetoric can be defined as the means through which people communicate ideas and information to persuade others to accept their opinions and positions. Rhetoric has long historical traditions originating from Western cultures like ancient Greece and Rome. Modern definitions of rhetoric are sometimes thought of as "spin" used to purposefully deceive or mislead others. However, rhetoric is a complex topic that involves understanding how different cultures communicate and why they communicate in certain ways.
2nd material linguistics design language features 2014Ayu Juwita
This document discusses key features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication systems. It covers two modes of language: spoken and written. It then examines four unique properties of human language: arbitrariness, duality, creativity, and displacement. Arbitrariness refers to the arbitrary relationship between words and their meanings. Duality refers to language having two layers - sounds that combine to form meaningful units. Creativity comes from language's recursiveness allowing new meanings. Displacement allows referring to things not present in space or time. The document asks cases about a president wondering about many local languages versus one national language, and why English is used internationally. It also defines lingua franca, vernacular, pidgin,
Introduction to Linguistics_The History of LinguisticsEdi Brata
The document discusses the history and development of linguistics from before the 19th century through the mid-late 20th century. It notes that before the 19th century, language was mainly studied by philosophers and debates centered around nature vs nurture. In the 19th century, historical linguistics emerged as Sir William Jones discovered similarities between Sanskrit and European languages. In the early-mid 20th century, the focus shifted to descriptive linguistics with theorists like Saussure, Bloomfield, Firth and Sapir analyzing language structure and relationship to culture. In the mid-late 20th century, generative linguistics was developed under Noam Chomsky with concepts like universal grammar and transformational grammar.
This document provides an introduction to the field of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and discusses how it differs from traditional grammar in being descriptive rather than prescriptive. The document outlines the scope of linguistics, dividing it into micro- and macrolinguistics. Microlinguistics includes the study of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Macrolinguistics encompasses sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and other fields. It also discusses the usefulness of linguistics for students of language, teachers and researchers.
This document discusses extra-linguistic factors that influence translation. It identifies several key factors translators and critics must consider, including the immediate context, subject matter, time, place, audience, speaker, and affective implications. Extra-linguistic determinants are a pragmatic category in translation criticism, as critics must understand how these factors shaped the original text and evaluate whether translators properly transferred their effects.
The role of borrowings in the development of the English vocabularyName Last name
This document discusses the role of borrowings in the development of the English vocabulary. It outlines the major languages that have influenced English, including Latin, French, Scandinavian, and others. Latin borrowings entered English through the church and centers of learning after the Christianization of England. French borrowings entered through the Norman conquest and occupied spheres like the court, law, and food names. Scandinavian borrowings came from Viking invasions and influence daily words like sky and dream. Overall, borrowings have enriched the English language and added specificity and subtlety to its vocabulary.
This document summarizes key concepts in neurolinguistics including areas of the brain involved in language processing and production. It discusses Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the motor cortex, and the arcuate fasciculus. It also covers language disorders like aphasia, slips of the tongue, the critical period hypothesis, and the case study of Genie.
This document discusses and compares different types of flash memory storage devices: solid state drives (SSD), memory cards, and USB flash drives. It provides details on what each type is, their specifications like size and storage capacity, advantages like portability and speed, and disadvantages like cost and durability. SSDs use flash memory and have no moving parts, providing faster access and transfer times than hard disks. Memory cards are used for media transfer between devices and come in formats like SD and microSD. USB flash drives simply plug into ports for convenient portable storage.
Rhetoric can be defined as the means through which people communicate ideas and information to persuade others to accept their opinions and positions. Rhetoric has long historical traditions originating from Western cultures like ancient Greece and Rome. Modern definitions of rhetoric are sometimes thought of as "spin" used to purposefully deceive or mislead others. However, rhetoric is a complex topic that involves understanding how different cultures communicate and why they communicate in certain ways.
2nd material linguistics design language features 2014Ayu Juwita
This document discusses key features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication systems. It covers two modes of language: spoken and written. It then examines four unique properties of human language: arbitrariness, duality, creativity, and displacement. Arbitrariness refers to the arbitrary relationship between words and their meanings. Duality refers to language having two layers - sounds that combine to form meaningful units. Creativity comes from language's recursiveness allowing new meanings. Displacement allows referring to things not present in space or time. The document asks cases about a president wondering about many local languages versus one national language, and why English is used internationally. It also defines lingua franca, vernacular, pidgin,
Introduction to Linguistics_The History of LinguisticsEdi Brata
The document discusses the history and development of linguistics from before the 19th century through the mid-late 20th century. It notes that before the 19th century, language was mainly studied by philosophers and debates centered around nature vs nurture. In the 19th century, historical linguistics emerged as Sir William Jones discovered similarities between Sanskrit and European languages. In the early-mid 20th century, the focus shifted to descriptive linguistics with theorists like Saussure, Bloomfield, Firth and Sapir analyzing language structure and relationship to culture. In the mid-late 20th century, generative linguistics was developed under Noam Chomsky with concepts like universal grammar and transformational grammar.
This document provides an introduction to the field of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and discusses how it differs from traditional grammar in being descriptive rather than prescriptive. The document outlines the scope of linguistics, dividing it into micro- and macrolinguistics. Microlinguistics includes the study of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Macrolinguistics encompasses sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and other fields. It also discusses the usefulness of linguistics for students of language, teachers and researchers.
This document discusses extra-linguistic factors that influence translation. It identifies several key factors translators and critics must consider, including the immediate context, subject matter, time, place, audience, speaker, and affective implications. Extra-linguistic determinants are a pragmatic category in translation criticism, as critics must understand how these factors shaped the original text and evaluate whether translators properly transferred their effects.
The role of borrowings in the development of the English vocabularyName Last name
This document discusses the role of borrowings in the development of the English vocabulary. It outlines the major languages that have influenced English, including Latin, French, Scandinavian, and others. Latin borrowings entered English through the church and centers of learning after the Christianization of England. French borrowings entered through the Norman conquest and occupied spheres like the court, law, and food names. Scandinavian borrowings came from Viking invasions and influence daily words like sky and dream. Overall, borrowings have enriched the English language and added specificity and subtlety to its vocabulary.
This document summarizes key concepts in neurolinguistics including areas of the brain involved in language processing and production. It discusses Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the motor cortex, and the arcuate fasciculus. It also covers language disorders like aphasia, slips of the tongue, the critical period hypothesis, and the case study of Genie.
Sociocultural Factors in Language Teaching and Learningqowimganteng
This document discusses the role of sociocultural factors in language teaching and learning. It defines culture and explains how it shapes our worldviews and behaviors. Stereotypes about languages and their cultures are common, but developing understanding of different cultural perspectives is important. Second language learning involves acquiring aspects of a new culture and identity, which can cause culture shock as learners adjust. The degree of social distance between the learner's native culture and target culture affects language acquisition. Teachers should incorporate cultural understanding and activities like role-plays to promote engagement and reduce feelings of alienation in the classroom.
Linguistics is the scientific study of language through observation and experimentation. As an empirical science, linguistics uses observation to develop theories and hypotheses about language. It is also a social science that studies language as it exists and evolves within human societies in a systematic and rational way based on facts learned through empirical study. Linguistics aims to understand language as both a natural and social phenomenon.
Corpus linguistics is the analysis of large collections of machine-readable texts called corpora. It utilizes computers to analyze patterns of language use in natural texts. Corpus linguistics is an empirical approach that uses quantitative and qualitative techniques on representative text samples to study topics like lexicography, grammar, dialects and language acquisition. It provides consistent, reliable analyses of complex language patterns not possible through manual analysis alone.
This document discusses topics related to language contact including dialect leveling, globalization, lingua francas, pidgins and creoles, and vernacularization. It provides definitions and examples for each topic. Dialect leveling refers to the loss of differences between regional dialects due to contact between speakers. Pidgins are simplified languages used for communication between groups without a shared language, while creoles develop from pidgins and have native speakers. Tok Pisin is discussed as an example of a creole language in Papua New Guinea that originated from a pidgin.
This document outlines the six main stages in the development of ideas about language that have influenced English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It discusses: 1) Classical/traditional grammar, 2) Structural linguistics, 3) Transformational Generative (TG) grammar, 4) Language variation and register analysis, 5) Functional/Notional grammar, and 6) Discourse analysis. For each stage, it provides background information on the theories and how they related to and influenced the development of ESP.
LANGUAGE STORAGE AND ACCESS, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, BRAIN, MEMORY, LTM, STM, SHORT TERM MEMORY, LANGUAGE RULES, LONG TERM MEMORY, TEMPORAL LOBE, BRAIN PART
This document provides an overview of forensic linguistics. It defines forensic linguistics as the application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to legal contexts such as law, crime investigation, and judicial procedures. Some key points:
- Forensic linguistics involves the analysis of language used in legal settings and documents, including legislation, court proceedings, interviews, and witness statements.
- Areas of study within forensic linguistics include understanding the language of legal texts and processes, and providing linguistic evidence in areas like author identification, trademark disputes, and voice analysis.
- Linguistic analysis can be applied at different stages of legal cases and proceedings, from initial investigations to trials and appeals. Forensic linguists may interpret meanings,
This document discusses code switching, which is the practice of alternating between two or more languages in conversation. It requires competence in multiple languages. There are two main types: inter-sentential, which is switching between full sentences, and intra-sentential, which involves inserting words or phrases from another language within a sentence. Code switching occurs for reasons like inability to express something or to fit a linguistic environment. It is governed by constraints like occurring at points where the surface structures of the languages map onto each other and favoring switches of higher-level constituents. Borrowing, on the other hand, involves using a word from one language in another and shows more integration into the recipient language. Frequent code switching is associated with high
Computational linguistics is defined as the scientific study and engineering of language from a computational perspective. It originated in the 1950s with the goal of using computers to automatically translate texts between languages. There are two main approaches: rule-based systems which explicitly encode linguistic rules and data-driven systems which use statistical and machine learning methods on large datasets. Computational linguistics is applied in many areas including machine translation, speech recognition, natural language interfaces, and information extraction from text documents.
Translation theory before the 20th centuryAyesha Mir
This document summarizes the history of the debate between "word-for-word" and "sense-for-sense" translation. It discusses views from influential historical figures like Cicero, St. Jerome, Dryden, Dolet, Tytler, and Schleiermacher. The debate dominated translation theory until the 20th century. Schleiermacher is noted as moving the discussion beyond the word-for-word vs. sense-for-sense dichotomy by proposing two paths for the translator: moving the reader toward the writer or moving the writer toward the reader.
Special problems in literary translationWaleesFatima
This document discusses some of the special challenges involved in literary translation. It notes that when translating works from earlier historical periods, the translator must be careful not to use words or phrases that did not exist during the time period in which the work is set. Maintaining an appropriate vocabulary while avoiding anachronisms can be difficult. The document also discusses the importance of understanding and accurately conveying any subtextual meanings in a work. Indirect translation, where a work is translated into a third language via an intermediate translation rather than directly from the original, can compound errors and inaccuracies and is generally best avoided.
A discussion on the emergence of World Englishes - varieties other than the US or UK standards and the proposition of Global English as a lingua franca. The implications of these issues on English Language Teaching are consequently considered.
Linguistic identity refers to how one communicates identity through language use. It is shaped by factors like one's region of origin, social class, education, and membership in social groups. Names and systems of address also influence identity by indicating status and group membership. People negotiate their identity through style shifting and audience design in conversations by converging or diverging their language patterns based on social contexts. Language is an important part of both individual and group identity, and its maintenance or loss can impact cultural identity. Issues of language rights and recognition are often politically significant for minority groups.
The term communicative competence refers to both the tacit knowledge of a language and the ability to use it effectively. It's also called communication competence, and it's the key to social acceptance.
Communicative competence is a term in linguistics which refers to a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately.
Role of mother tongue in learning english for specific purposesNelly Valenzuela
This document summarizes a research study that examined students' perceptions of using their native language and translation in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses. The study surveyed 55 students across 3 specializations about their use of translation and native language in various language activities. The results showed that students' need for native language support varied depending on their English proficiency level, with less proficient students requiring more native language use. Students generally agreed that translation and native language were useful supports, especially for vocabulary, reading, and listening activities. The findings provide insights into balancing the use of native language and translation in ESP courses to best support students at different proficiency levels.
This document discusses national languages and language planning. It begins by defining a national language as the formal language of a country, using Indonesian as an example. It then discusses the functions of a national language in uniting different cultures and serving as the main tool of communication. The document next covers topics like the selection, codification, elaboration, and acceptance aspects of planning a national official language. It provides examples like Samuel Johnson's dictionary helping codify English. The document concludes by mentioning how sociolinguists can contribute to acquisition planning by increasing a language's users through education and media.
This document describes the development of a language translation application for Android. It aims to make language translation easy through features like translating text via typing or speech recognition, translating text captured from images using a camera lens, and working offline. The application uses techniques like paragraph slicing to separate text into words and the Firebase ML Kit for machine translation. Screenshots show interfaces for selecting the source and target languages, and examples of translating text, speech, and images. The conclusions discuss how the application can improve communication across languages and assist those with disabilities while capturing text from images.
Candidate 4 Marg Simpson – Current Position Sales Director, Ch.docxhacksoni
Candidate 4: Marg Simpson – Current Position: Sales Director, Chicago Office
Marg Simpson is recommended to fill the position of Director of Research and Development. Marg Simpson is currently serving as the Sales Director of the Chicago Office. Marg is being suggested for the Director of Research and Development (R&D) position. Although she has never lived abroad, she has had direct interaction with the local Muslim community and has taken time to learn some Arabic and believes that she can continue to learn with help and time to study. Marg Simpson understanding of the Muslim community has contributed to several innovative approaches to increase sales within the Chicago office. Marg is both motivated and skilled in regard to her work ethic and business decision making. Marg sees challenges as chances to find creative solutions to problems that had not been previously considered. Her experience of managing her team well, her adaptability, and being a people-first person will make her able to work with the scientists and experts across all departments and divisions. Research and Development is essential for the future success of Biotech and Marg has shown that she is capable of leading that division successfully.
Reference:
Blanken, R. (2013, January/February). 8 Common Leadership Styles. Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://www.asaecenter.org/resources/articles/an_magazine/2013/january/8-common-leadership-styles
Walsh, P. (2014, May). Leading the way. Retrieved November 18, 2018, from http://www.harvardbusiness.org/blog/are-you-strategic-thinker-test-yourself
Candidate 3 – Mohammad Darvish – Current position – Marketing Manager, Homeopathic Division (Corporate Headquarters)
Mohammad Darvish is proposed to fill the position of Executive Director, North American Division. The candidate demonstrates the importance of critical thinking and development. Mohammad ability to understand and navigate Biotech’s Homeopathic Division as proven to be crucial for the company. Mohammad’s flexibility has aid to communicate effectively throughout the division. The leadership style that Laissez-Faire provide is vital in the Executive Director position. The candidate determination to solve problems and make decisions with collaboration prove to be effective. Researches demonstrate that “contingency theory perspective supported that there was no one ‘best’ way to structure and lead an organization, the ‘best’ approach was contingent upon the organizational context (Williams, & Naumann, 2017).” Mohammad’s focus on teamwork as help the community be expert problems solves. The committee is determined that Mohammad Darvish is perfect for the Executive Director position.
Candidate 5 – Rafael Mendez – Current Position – Director of Sales, New Mexico
The committee projected that Rafael Mendez is the best applicant for the Vice President of Headquarter Operations. The candidate emphasizes the necessity of being a good listener above anything else. Rafae.
Sample MBA Essay | PDF. 10 MBA Personal Statement Examples: How To Write An Application Essay .... http://www.mbaapplicationconsultant.com/best-mba-application .... MBA Essay Sample. Mba admission essay buy before. How To Write An Essay For MBA .... Mba essay writingguide. MBA Essay Examples sample, Bookwormlab. How To Write An Mba Admission Essay - How to Write and Format an MBA Essay. MBA School Application Essay Sample by MBAEssayConsulting on DeviantArt. How to write mba essays Bastrop | ThesisEssay76 - (2021). Best mba essay at Gateway2mba.
Sociocultural Factors in Language Teaching and Learningqowimganteng
This document discusses the role of sociocultural factors in language teaching and learning. It defines culture and explains how it shapes our worldviews and behaviors. Stereotypes about languages and their cultures are common, but developing understanding of different cultural perspectives is important. Second language learning involves acquiring aspects of a new culture and identity, which can cause culture shock as learners adjust. The degree of social distance between the learner's native culture and target culture affects language acquisition. Teachers should incorporate cultural understanding and activities like role-plays to promote engagement and reduce feelings of alienation in the classroom.
Linguistics is the scientific study of language through observation and experimentation. As an empirical science, linguistics uses observation to develop theories and hypotheses about language. It is also a social science that studies language as it exists and evolves within human societies in a systematic and rational way based on facts learned through empirical study. Linguistics aims to understand language as both a natural and social phenomenon.
Corpus linguistics is the analysis of large collections of machine-readable texts called corpora. It utilizes computers to analyze patterns of language use in natural texts. Corpus linguistics is an empirical approach that uses quantitative and qualitative techniques on representative text samples to study topics like lexicography, grammar, dialects and language acquisition. It provides consistent, reliable analyses of complex language patterns not possible through manual analysis alone.
This document discusses topics related to language contact including dialect leveling, globalization, lingua francas, pidgins and creoles, and vernacularization. It provides definitions and examples for each topic. Dialect leveling refers to the loss of differences between regional dialects due to contact between speakers. Pidgins are simplified languages used for communication between groups without a shared language, while creoles develop from pidgins and have native speakers. Tok Pisin is discussed as an example of a creole language in Papua New Guinea that originated from a pidgin.
This document outlines the six main stages in the development of ideas about language that have influenced English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It discusses: 1) Classical/traditional grammar, 2) Structural linguistics, 3) Transformational Generative (TG) grammar, 4) Language variation and register analysis, 5) Functional/Notional grammar, and 6) Discourse analysis. For each stage, it provides background information on the theories and how they related to and influenced the development of ESP.
LANGUAGE STORAGE AND ACCESS, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, BRAIN, MEMORY, LTM, STM, SHORT TERM MEMORY, LANGUAGE RULES, LONG TERM MEMORY, TEMPORAL LOBE, BRAIN PART
This document provides an overview of forensic linguistics. It defines forensic linguistics as the application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to legal contexts such as law, crime investigation, and judicial procedures. Some key points:
- Forensic linguistics involves the analysis of language used in legal settings and documents, including legislation, court proceedings, interviews, and witness statements.
- Areas of study within forensic linguistics include understanding the language of legal texts and processes, and providing linguistic evidence in areas like author identification, trademark disputes, and voice analysis.
- Linguistic analysis can be applied at different stages of legal cases and proceedings, from initial investigations to trials and appeals. Forensic linguists may interpret meanings,
This document discusses code switching, which is the practice of alternating between two or more languages in conversation. It requires competence in multiple languages. There are two main types: inter-sentential, which is switching between full sentences, and intra-sentential, which involves inserting words or phrases from another language within a sentence. Code switching occurs for reasons like inability to express something or to fit a linguistic environment. It is governed by constraints like occurring at points where the surface structures of the languages map onto each other and favoring switches of higher-level constituents. Borrowing, on the other hand, involves using a word from one language in another and shows more integration into the recipient language. Frequent code switching is associated with high
Computational linguistics is defined as the scientific study and engineering of language from a computational perspective. It originated in the 1950s with the goal of using computers to automatically translate texts between languages. There are two main approaches: rule-based systems which explicitly encode linguistic rules and data-driven systems which use statistical and machine learning methods on large datasets. Computational linguistics is applied in many areas including machine translation, speech recognition, natural language interfaces, and information extraction from text documents.
Translation theory before the 20th centuryAyesha Mir
This document summarizes the history of the debate between "word-for-word" and "sense-for-sense" translation. It discusses views from influential historical figures like Cicero, St. Jerome, Dryden, Dolet, Tytler, and Schleiermacher. The debate dominated translation theory until the 20th century. Schleiermacher is noted as moving the discussion beyond the word-for-word vs. sense-for-sense dichotomy by proposing two paths for the translator: moving the reader toward the writer or moving the writer toward the reader.
Special problems in literary translationWaleesFatima
This document discusses some of the special challenges involved in literary translation. It notes that when translating works from earlier historical periods, the translator must be careful not to use words or phrases that did not exist during the time period in which the work is set. Maintaining an appropriate vocabulary while avoiding anachronisms can be difficult. The document also discusses the importance of understanding and accurately conveying any subtextual meanings in a work. Indirect translation, where a work is translated into a third language via an intermediate translation rather than directly from the original, can compound errors and inaccuracies and is generally best avoided.
A discussion on the emergence of World Englishes - varieties other than the US or UK standards and the proposition of Global English as a lingua franca. The implications of these issues on English Language Teaching are consequently considered.
Linguistic identity refers to how one communicates identity through language use. It is shaped by factors like one's region of origin, social class, education, and membership in social groups. Names and systems of address also influence identity by indicating status and group membership. People negotiate their identity through style shifting and audience design in conversations by converging or diverging their language patterns based on social contexts. Language is an important part of both individual and group identity, and its maintenance or loss can impact cultural identity. Issues of language rights and recognition are often politically significant for minority groups.
The term communicative competence refers to both the tacit knowledge of a language and the ability to use it effectively. It's also called communication competence, and it's the key to social acceptance.
Communicative competence is a term in linguistics which refers to a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately.
Role of mother tongue in learning english for specific purposesNelly Valenzuela
This document summarizes a research study that examined students' perceptions of using their native language and translation in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses. The study surveyed 55 students across 3 specializations about their use of translation and native language in various language activities. The results showed that students' need for native language support varied depending on their English proficiency level, with less proficient students requiring more native language use. Students generally agreed that translation and native language were useful supports, especially for vocabulary, reading, and listening activities. The findings provide insights into balancing the use of native language and translation in ESP courses to best support students at different proficiency levels.
This document discusses national languages and language planning. It begins by defining a national language as the formal language of a country, using Indonesian as an example. It then discusses the functions of a national language in uniting different cultures and serving as the main tool of communication. The document next covers topics like the selection, codification, elaboration, and acceptance aspects of planning a national official language. It provides examples like Samuel Johnson's dictionary helping codify English. The document concludes by mentioning how sociolinguists can contribute to acquisition planning by increasing a language's users through education and media.
This document describes the development of a language translation application for Android. It aims to make language translation easy through features like translating text via typing or speech recognition, translating text captured from images using a camera lens, and working offline. The application uses techniques like paragraph slicing to separate text into words and the Firebase ML Kit for machine translation. Screenshots show interfaces for selecting the source and target languages, and examples of translating text, speech, and images. The conclusions discuss how the application can improve communication across languages and assist those with disabilities while capturing text from images.
Candidate 4 Marg Simpson – Current Position Sales Director, Ch.docxhacksoni
Candidate 4: Marg Simpson – Current Position: Sales Director, Chicago Office
Marg Simpson is recommended to fill the position of Director of Research and Development. Marg Simpson is currently serving as the Sales Director of the Chicago Office. Marg is being suggested for the Director of Research and Development (R&D) position. Although she has never lived abroad, she has had direct interaction with the local Muslim community and has taken time to learn some Arabic and believes that she can continue to learn with help and time to study. Marg Simpson understanding of the Muslim community has contributed to several innovative approaches to increase sales within the Chicago office. Marg is both motivated and skilled in regard to her work ethic and business decision making. Marg sees challenges as chances to find creative solutions to problems that had not been previously considered. Her experience of managing her team well, her adaptability, and being a people-first person will make her able to work with the scientists and experts across all departments and divisions. Research and Development is essential for the future success of Biotech and Marg has shown that she is capable of leading that division successfully.
Reference:
Blanken, R. (2013, January/February). 8 Common Leadership Styles. Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://www.asaecenter.org/resources/articles/an_magazine/2013/january/8-common-leadership-styles
Walsh, P. (2014, May). Leading the way. Retrieved November 18, 2018, from http://www.harvardbusiness.org/blog/are-you-strategic-thinker-test-yourself
Candidate 3 – Mohammad Darvish – Current position – Marketing Manager, Homeopathic Division (Corporate Headquarters)
Mohammad Darvish is proposed to fill the position of Executive Director, North American Division. The candidate demonstrates the importance of critical thinking and development. Mohammad ability to understand and navigate Biotech’s Homeopathic Division as proven to be crucial for the company. Mohammad’s flexibility has aid to communicate effectively throughout the division. The leadership style that Laissez-Faire provide is vital in the Executive Director position. The candidate determination to solve problems and make decisions with collaboration prove to be effective. Researches demonstrate that “contingency theory perspective supported that there was no one ‘best’ way to structure and lead an organization, the ‘best’ approach was contingent upon the organizational context (Williams, & Naumann, 2017).” Mohammad’s focus on teamwork as help the community be expert problems solves. The committee is determined that Mohammad Darvish is perfect for the Executive Director position.
Candidate 5 – Rafael Mendez – Current Position – Director of Sales, New Mexico
The committee projected that Rafael Mendez is the best applicant for the Vice President of Headquarter Operations. The candidate emphasizes the necessity of being a good listener above anything else. Rafae.
Sample MBA Essay | PDF. 10 MBA Personal Statement Examples: How To Write An Application Essay .... http://www.mbaapplicationconsultant.com/best-mba-application .... MBA Essay Sample. Mba admission essay buy before. How To Write An Essay For MBA .... Mba essay writingguide. MBA Essay Examples sample, Bookwormlab. How To Write An Mba Admission Essay - How to Write and Format an MBA Essay. MBA School Application Essay Sample by MBAEssayConsulting on DeviantArt. How to write mba essays Bastrop | ThesisEssay76 - (2021). Best mba essay at Gateway2mba.
1. The case study discusses Tesco's diversity and inclusion strategy, which aims to create an inclusive culture and workforce that represents all aspects of the society they serve. Tesco places strong emphasis on diversity training for their employees.
2. The Coca-Cola case examines their failed launch of New Coke in 1985. Market research had indicated consumers wanted a sweeter, smoother taste, but the new formula was met with significant backlash from loyal Coke drinkers. They re-introduced Coca-Cola Classic and New Coke was later discontinued.
3. The case looks at AIA's acquisition of ING's insurance businesses in Asia. The acquisition expanded AIA's presence across the region and strengthened its
Connexions Global Issue 14 - Cathy Ford pg 4Catherine Ford
CFA Institute has welcomed three new Managing Directors - Bjorn Forfang, Nick Pollard, and Michael Collins - to support its new three-year strategy and help shape the organization for the future. The CFA Society Philippines hosted its third annual Financial Fitness Run to raise awareness of common investment mistakes. The Boston Security Analysts Society is working with Invest in Girls to empower high school girls through financial literacy education and exposure to careers in finance.
1. Case 2.1 Establishing a branch of a family business in China.docxmonicafrancis71118
1. Case 2.1 Establishing a branch of a family business in China
A family-owned carbon steel company from Germany has extended its business to Hong Kong. The owners bought a small traditional Chinese firm and decided to copy the successful structure they had developed at home. This structure was headed by three general managers who equally shared the responsibilities for the business activities of the firm. The consequences were as follows.
1.The Chinese employees were assigned tasks by people they had never seen before and whom they did not understand. Many misunderstandings occurred, some were quite costly.
2.The employees back in Europe were only concerned with whether the assigned tasks were completed and did not consider any other obligations to the Chinese employees, such as taking care of the relationships with the Chinese government, banks, etc.
3.Eventually, the local employees became frustrated and were ready to leave the company. The result was that the management model was changed again and a single managing director of the subsidiary
was accountable for all business activities in Hong Kong.
Discussion Questions:
1Relate the described situation to one of the cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede. How can you explain it?
2How does this situation compare to comparable situations in your home country? What are the limits of a cultural explanation?
2. Case 2.2 Long-term development plans of a German multinational in the USA
A German firm had developed its activities in the electrical industry in the USA for two years and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Peter Hansen was happy with their current performance: market share for important products had increased significantly and progress was better than expected. The number of employees had increased, including quite a few local American managers in high-level management positions – a situation which was rather unusual for a subsidiary of a German multinational in its early stage of development. The CEO’s goal from the beginning was to avoid an ethnocentric approach to the American activities of his firm and to take a polycentric approach that supported recruitment of local managers.
One of these US local managers was John Miller, the marketing director of the company. During the last two years, he had been thoroughly prepared for his job. The company had sent him to various high-level training programs at top business schools and had provided him with a long-term career plan, which included short-term vertical career advancement. While Peter Hansen wanted to support the development of an American manage- ment style, he nevertheless tried to transfer some HR practices which are highly valued in Germany – particularly investing in training and taking a long-term intraorganizational career perspective. While some US firms took this approach, these ideas were not as widely accepted in the USA as in Germany. However, Peter Hansen assumed that these policies would be valued by the new US.
Examples Of Synthesis Paper Format. Sample Essay On SynLaura Smith
This chapter summary discusses how the Suez Crisis of 1956 transformed Canada. The crisis involved a military confrontation in Egypt that threatened the US and UK. Canada played a key role in resolving the crisis by proposing the first ever UN peacekeeping force. As a result of Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson's proposal and Canada's peacekeeping efforts, tensions were reduced. Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in resolving the Suez Crisis diplomatically. The crisis strengthened Canada's identity as a peacekeeper and led to greater independence in its foreign policy relative to the UK.
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One of the most important, if not the most important factor for the success of your event, is selecting the appropriate speaker. Choose that speaker, who will enrich the content with his very presence and tone and assist you in ultimately reaching your objectives
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Friending in High Places: Business Leaders On Facebook and InstagramBurson-Marsteller
Executive engagement on social media has become an integral part of the corporate communication mix, and Facebook and Instagram are making their way into executive floors and boardrooms of many global companies. For the last six years, Burson-Marsteller has studied how heads of state, governments and international organizations use social media
channels. For the last two years, it has produced reports specifically about world leaders’ use of Facebook. This year, in addition to studying world leaders, Burson-Marsteller conducted this study of business leaders to see how they connect with their audiences on Facebook and
Instagram.
EPWN Federation VP Treasurer, Anne Frisch delivered this keynote on at the French Bavarian Business Dinner 27.11.13. To be read in conjunction with PPT slide deck.
A great insight into how women are advancing in Germany and the value of inclusive leadership.
EPWN is a dynamic fast-growing offline and online networking and leadership development platform for professional women of all sectors and industries. With nearly 3000 members and more than 90 nationalities, EPWN organizes over 600 events a year in our community of 23 city networks. We welcome you to our events; as a mentor or mentee; and to explore our rich knowledge and resources across the Federation and our City Networks.
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1. Pharma First International Case Report
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Pharma First International ........................................................................................2
2. Causes of Mike Harrisson’s Failure in Europe ..................................................................................2
3. Jason Walter Actions and Decisions to send back Mike Harrisson to USA or keep him as
Assistant in Europe & reasoning behind..................................................................................................3
4. Jason Walter’s Role in avoiding/preventing the Current issue........................................................4
5. Recommendations to Pharma First in making Long Term Strategy for managing its European
Subsidiaries................................................................................................................................................5
6. Cross-Cultural Management Training Module...................................................................................8
1. Introduction to Cross-Cultural Management Training Module.............................................................8
2. Training Content ................................................................................................................................8
3. Learning Goals ..................................................................................................................................8
4. Length................................................................................................................................................9
5. Number of Participants.......................................................................................................................9
6. Training Methods ...............................................................................................................................9
7. Assessment .......................................................................................................................................9
8. The Five Dysfunctions of a Team.....................................................................................................10
9. Additional Comments.......................................................................................................................10
Prepared by: Team 3
Samantha ANDERSON
David ASSOU
Deepak Shivdutt KANDPAL
Muhanned ALDHALAAN
Stephanny RIJALBA
2. Pharma First International Case Report
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1. Introduction to Pharma First International
This case study is about one of the famous companies that deals with the business of the pharmacy named
as the Pharma First international (PFI). The company was established in 1962 at the Richmond, Virginia.
Later on in the 1980 the company introduced different kind of diversified products in the form of cosmetics,
medicines and vaccinations. Pharma First international (PFI) achieve the status of the group in the period
of the 1982 to 1993 when this company acquired many companies in the western region and central
Europe.
Extension of Operations:
The first ever acquired company of that period was named as the Munich subsidiary while the latest
company acquired by the Pharma First international (PFI) is named as the Danish subsidiary. Jason Walter
is the CEO of Pharma First Europe (PFE) and the CEO of Pharma First international (PFI) is Barry
Gumpert. The company is going to expand its business in Europe specifically in CSIR countries so that is
the reason the company is going to recruit many professionals as the officials of the company.
Mike Harrisson:
In 2002, when Jason approved the extension of the company’s operations in the European region, he send
the request to the headquarters that he needs an assistant that can assist him in the operation of the
business. The primary responsibility of the assistance hired by the company was the overseeing and
monitoring of the integration of different subsidiaries of the Pharma First company in the European region.
Mike Harrison was one of the talented managers of the Pharma First company who was nominated as the
assistant for Jason to monitor the Integration and networking of the company in the Europe. He was
recruited for this responsibility for 2 years.
2. Causes of Mike Harrisson’s Failure in Europe
Mike was having splendid career along with the professional capabilities so that was the reason; the
company was expecting positive results from Mike. Even though the recruitment of the Mike was a good
sign but still in the first 8 months of the appointment of the Mike, the Mike was not able to obtain the
productive results from the network of the subsidiaries. The first reason of failure of Mike in the Europe was
assumed by Jason that it is the temporary failure because the Mike was not use to the European
environment so he is unaware how to deal the engagements in that region so this problem will be rectified
very soon as the Mike will pass some time in that region.
Mike organized many seminars, which were having the primary objective as the discussion about the
strategy of the company, but the seminars were also not able to produce the desired results for the
company. The basic reason of the failure of the Mike was the cultural difference because he was unable to
get the trust of the management of the subsidiaries. He was unable to know that either he should be a
formal or informal with the local managers so it result in the suspicious character of the Mike in front of the
managers of subsidiaries companies.
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3. Jason Walter Actions and Decisions to send back Mike Harrisson to USA
or keep him as Assistant in Europe & reasoning behind
It would be very easy if Jason Walter decides to send Mike Harrisson back to United States of America but
he decides otherwise by taking following actions and decisions as described below. Jason conveys his
actions and decisions to Mike in the meeting with him at 10 am.
Firstly, Jason clarifies to Mike that he has been busy and did not find time to discuss his goals properly.
Despite Mike’s undeniable potential, 8 months after his arrival in Munich, there was still no sign of any
progress in the network of subsidiaries. Mike did not seem to be effective in his role abroad. He was no
longer the charismatic, lively spirited man that Jason had met in the USA and his expatriation had proved to
be a total failure up to now.
Jason informs Mike to resolve this problem they need to modify his goals to be directed more towards
socializing together with the directors and managers but to do that they need to set his personal life in place
by ensuring Mike’s son goes to a good English school in Munich which could be ensured by Heidi and that
his wife & son should start learning German language which should be funded by the HR Director and his
team. There could also be a possibility that Mike’s wife could be interviewed for a position in PFE as this
would be both beneficial to the company as well as she would be busy and involved.
Secondly, Jason offers Mike to undergo Self-Management and Intercultural Management trainings.
The integration of the European teams was strategic objective for PFI and Jason was put in charge of its
implementation. His period of expatriation was therefore extended for another 2 years until 2005. Jason
had readily accepted this proposition to implement the integration of European subsidiaries for the
production and sales of PFE’s main products.
Barry had told Jason that if the European integration project was successful, he would be promoted to a top
management post back at the US headquarters. For all the above reasons, Mike had been chosen by Barry
Gumpert, the American CEO, to unify PFE. Jason, therefore believed that Mike would help him to advance
his career prospects. Thus, for Mike to be successful he need to understand the culture of Europe by doing
Intercultural as well as self-management trainings which would make him understand what gaps he has as
compared to the individualistic approach followed by him in USA. Jason makes him aware that by building
trust with the directors as well as managers of the European subsidiaries which is the key to any integration
be it a small team or as large as the different subsidiaries.
Thirdly, Jason assigns Anja together with Mike to support him to understand where he is going wrong.
Anja has very good relations with the directors and the managers of the European subsidiaries who confide
in her with their issues faced. So, it would be really good for Mike to understand how each director as well
as senior managers interact culturally as well as build trust with them before really starting the integration
workshop. In this direction, also the HR Director Franz can support Mike by having individual meetings with
each director and Mike to know their requirements of integrating the subsidiaries into one unit.
By informing Mike of these steps, Jason informs Anja, Franz, Heidi and other Directors as well as Senior
Managers to support Mike as he is culturally new to Europe and would require their support in
understanding their culture as well as the organization culture better through socializing as well as sharing
their ideas on how the integration can be made successful.
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4. Jason Walter’s Role in avoiding/preventing the Current issue
Jason could have avoided this issue in several ways. First, Jason was introduced as the CEO of Pharma
First Europe, the European Headquarters of the company PFI. The company, PFI, wanted to open a
subsidiary in Moscow to gain entry into the Russian market and expand into other countries which share
historical and cultural links.
Mike was selected as Jason’s assistant who would be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the
European subsidiaries. As we reviewed Mike Harrisson’s background he did not have a vast amount of
experience internationally. He mainly worked in the US except for his 3 year stint with the US embassy in
New Delhi. Under Mike Harrisson’s background it mentions that Jason had found Mike to be frank and
direct but sometimes in other cultures this could be seen as rude as the United States is a low context
country while other countries are high context. Being a CEO, Jason should have provided Mike this
information so the company and themselves could both be successful.
Another large problem is that Jason was not an agent of socialization for Mike. The case did not mention
Jason providing information in respect to the local culture, values, traditions, legislation. According to
http://geert-hofstede.com/geert-hofstede.html website comparing the United States and Germany, we find
there are some similarities but also some key differences that Jason should have informed Mike to make
this a successful venture. First, power distance and masculinity are similar but individualism and
indulgence are much higher in the United States than in Germany. However, in Germany pragmatism is
much higher compared to the United States. So, what does this mean? Jason should have used this
information as a resource to share with Mike then this issue would have likely been avoided. For instance,
running late to a meeting might be more tolerated in the United States rather than in Europe as well as
calling someone by their first name is an accepted practice in the United States but may not be accepted in
Europe. Jason could have provided this information to Mike through education.
In regards to education, Jason could have avoided this issue was to develop a formal policy concerning
international assignments including:
● cultural awareness training
● sensitivity training
● language courses
● local etiquette classes and customs
● a preliminary visit so Mike could get “localized” and can get introduced to the other managers by
Jason
The formal policy would have assisted Mike in his transition from the United States to Europe and give Mike
a better understanding of the expectations within that culture. Jason not providing this policy along with
training can cause a significant cost to the company as this case discusses.
Jason was not a good mentor to Mike in this situation. Mike had been successful in the United States but
without the proper training, etiquette classes, sensitivity training Mike was not successful in Europe. Jason
in this situation let Mike struggle and did not notice what was occurring before a lot of damage had
occurred. Jason needs to develop a plan for Mike immediately which incorporates the above ideas and
present that at the 10 am meeting.
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5. Recommendations to Pharma First in making Long Term Strategy for
managing its European Subsidiaries
Firstly, for Pharma First to develop successfully a consolidated restructuring they might re-evaluate the
objectives and strategies to do it in an efficient way. Then, it is important to understand how to
communicate this change in order to involve all the managers and they stay committed with the change and
in that way they can be more support it and collaborative.
It is necessary to have a strategic planning, that is a systematic process of developing and implementing
plans to achieve purposes or objectives. Strategic Planning is vital, since in its aims, objectives,
mechanisms, etc. the course summarizes the guideline that the entire organization should follow, with the
final goal, reaching the goals, same result in economic, human and technological growth. A good strategy
should:
• Be able to achieve the desired objective.
• Making a good connection between the environment and resources of an organization and competition;
must be feasible and appropriate
• Be able to provide the organization with a competitive advantage; should be unique and sustainable over
time.
• Dynamic, flexible and able to adapt to changing situations.
• Must be measurable in terms of their effectiveness
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The most important techniques to develop strategies can be integrated into a framework of three stages to
make decisions, as shown in the following illustration. The tools presented in this framework can be applied
to organizations of all types and sizes and you can serve strategists to enhance, evaluate and select
strategies
The analytical framework for formulating strategies:
Phase 1: This first phase is to recognize the internal factors of the company in order to have more clearly
the objectives, for that evaluation it is important to use different tools as the following:
● External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE).
● Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFI).
● Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM).
Phase 2: In this phase, it is important to analyse more detailed the strategies and to go deeper in each
one, there are different tools used to help this process be more easily, for example:
● SWOT Analysis.
● The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation Matrix (SPACE).
● Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG)
● Grand Strategy matrix.
Phase 3: This is the phase when it is need to make a decision for that could be use the Quantitative
Strategic Planning Matrix is a high-level strategic management approach for evaluating possible strategies,
provides an analytical method for comparing feasible alternative actions. The QSPM method falls within so-
called stage 3 of the strategy formulation analytical framework. When company executives think about what
to do, and which way to go, they usually have a prioritized list of strategies. If they like one strategy over
another one, they move it up on the list. This process is very much intuitive and subjective. The QSPM
method introduces some numbers into this approach making it a little more "expert" technique.
7. Pharma First International Case Report
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Implementation of the strategy
Recommendations in how to manage the change
1. Properly planning stages of the process. It is important to develop communication strategies of the
situation. To do this, think and convey well the overall message that will give to all employees, at
what stage will come up.
2. Observe the skills and abilities of employees.
3. Using instruments of direct and frequent communication. Openness and clarity in communications
that take place on the situation of the company and the sector is often the best tool in these
situations. Messages that internal employees should be clear, transparent and have credibility
4. Communicate the reason and whys of the need and desirability of restructuring the workforce.
Inform its employees that the process will lead to an improvement in corporate health and will
ensure the survival of the company in the future. This will increase confidence and motivation.
5. Manage coherent external communication and internal communication.
6. Prepare and train managers and the whole structure. They should provide tools that help them
anticipate the reactions of their employees and know how to align them with the new strategy and
be convincing in the messages they give to their subordinates.
7. Assist and support the controls message transmission.
8. Support the adaptation to change.
9. Manage the process consistent with the organizational culture. In times of change, it is important
that the organization shows that its culture has not changed, and the actions being undertaken are
the result of an unfavourable environment or a loss of competitiveness that has nothing to do with
his philosophy regarding employees.
10. Redefine and re-design continuity.
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6. Cross-Cultural Management Training Module
1. Introduction to Cross-Cultural Management Training Module
It is very clear that Mike Harrisson as well as the Directors and the Senior Managers at
Pharma First Europe (PFE) required Cross-Cultural Management training to ensure success
of the Integration Project. Jason Walter should have understood this as a key requirement
and should have prepared the Job Description for Mike Harrisson and his goal settings to
include Cross-Cultural trainings for the entire team.
2. Training Content
The Cross-Cultural Management training module should have the following agenda as
topics:
a) Respecting Others
b) Efficient Communication & Listening
c) Emotional Intelligence
d) Self-Efficacy
e) Macro Management vs Micro Management
f) Team Management
g) Leadership Management
h) Trust
i) Conflict Management
j) Commitment
k) Accountability
l) Result Management
Mike should have send this agenda before starting the training to Jason so as to have his
experience and feedback before starting the Cross-Cultural Management training module as
he has been in Europe for a long time. This would have avoided the discomfort Mike
received from directly communicating with the Directors and the Senior Managers which was
the protocol followed by them. Jason should have established good communication between
Mike and the European Managers before actually starting the Integration Project.
3. Learning Goals
The main learning goal of this cross-cultural training should be creating an efficient team and
“win-win” work environment which nurtures growth, motivation and development of
individuals as well as team. There are also five important goals which are listed below:
a) Building Trust
b) Conflict Management
c) Team Commitment
d) Accountability vs. Responsibility
e) Results Management
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This has been explained in Section 8 below under the heading “The Five Dysfunctions of a
Team” describing how Absence of Trust, Fear of Conflict, Lack of Commitment, Avoidance
of Accountability and Inattention to Results lead to Dysfunctional teams and how by learning
these skills and making them as personal goals the team could become Functional and
Trustworthy.
4. Length
The training module will be divided into 5 phases covering Building Trust, Conflict
Management, Team Commitment, Accountability vs Responsibility and Results Management
having in total of 40 hours of training (5 working days) for each module for the entire year.
5. Number of Participants
One batch of 20 Directors and Senior Managers or two batches of 10 each who will meet
each only during the 3rd module of Team Management.
6. Training Methods
The following training methods will be followed:
a) Interactive Classroom Sessions which will require strict rules to be followed like no
mobiles, no internet and no laptops.
b) Online Training Sessions using Videos and Presentations.
c) On-the-Job Training Sessions like forming Teams to demonstrate Trust, Team,
Conflict, Commitment & Results.
d) Video Conferencing Sessions to understand the difficulties of Formal and Informal
Communication in Virtual Teams as well as Cross-Cultural Diversity.
7. Assessment
Each participant to demonstrate the 5 Skills in their day-to-day work during the entire
performance appraisal period of a year and Jason as well as Mike will receive this
assessment report from the respective Human Resources Manager every month.
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8. The Five Dysfunctions of a Team
This model as described by Patrick Lencioni in form of a textbook to be provided free to each
participant signed by Jason Walter with a personal message as a motivation.
It is very important for the CEO to motivate his team members in a very simple way so that
they build trust and respect.
9. Additional Comments
Without a very solid support from the Human Resources Director Frans Klepzeiker, this
Cross-Cultural training module will not be successful as this would require soft skills as well
as other departments support like Knowledge Management, Online University and
Administration (not to forget Heidi). Many times during technical trainings as well as other
trainings we forget to involve the Human Resources and the Administration departments as
well as the Online University departments which form the key factors in ensuring the training
provided was a success.