Sure, here's a more detailed overview of common pests and diseases that affect mango trees:
**Pests:**
1. **Mango Leafhoppers:** These sap-sucking insects can cause leaf yellowing, curling, and premature leaf drop. They also excrete honeydew, leading to the growth of sooty mold.
2. **Mango Seed Weevils:** These beetles lay eggs inside mango seeds, leading to the infestation of the fruit. Larvae feed on the seed, causing damage and reducing fruit quality.
3. **Mango Fruit Flies:** Fruit flies lay eggs in ripe mango fruits, and their larvae feed on the flesh, causing it to rot and become unsuitable for consumption.
Sure, here's a more detailed overview of common pests and diseases that affect mango trees:
**Pests:**
1. **Mango Leafhoppers:** These sap-sucking insects can cause leaf yellowing, curling, and premature leaf drop. They also excrete honeydew, leading to the growth of sooty mold.
2. **Mango Seed Weevils:** These beetles lay eggs inside mango seeds, leading to the infestation of the fruit. Larvae feed on the seed, causing damage and reducing fruit quality.
3. **Mango Fruit Flies:** Fruit flies lay eggs in ripe mango fruits, and their larvae feed on the flesh, causing it to rot and become unsuitable for consumption.
4. **Mango Scale Insects:** These insects attach themselves to branches and leaves, sucking sap from the tree. Heavy infestations can weaken the tree and reduce fruit yield.
5. **Mango Shoot Borers:** The larvae of these moths tunnel into mango shoots, causing wilting, dieback, and reduced growth.
**Diseases:**
1. **Anthracnose:** A fungal disease that causes dark lesions on leaves, flowers, and fruit. It can lead to premature fruit drop and post-harvest rot.
2. **Powdery Mildew:** This fungal disease appears as a powdery white coating on leaves, shoots, and flowers, affecting photosynthesis and fruit development.
3. **Bacterial Black Spot:** Characterized by black lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. It can lead to defoliation and reduced fruit quality.
4. **Fusarium Wilt:** A soil-borne fungal disease that causes yellowing, wilting, and death of mango trees by blocking water uptake.
5. **Root Rot:** Caused by various fungi, root rot affects the roots, leading to stunted growth, wilting, and ultimately death of the tree.
Managing these pests and diseases often involves a combination of cultural practices, such as proper sanitation, pruning, and irrigation, as well as chemical control methods like insecticides and fungicides. Regular monitoring and early detection are crucial for effective management.Sure, here's a more detailed overview of common pests and diseases that affect mango trees:
**Pests:**
1. **Mango Leafhoppers:** These sap-sucking insects can cause leaf yellowing, curling, and premature leaf drop. They also excrete honeydew, leading to the growth of sooty mold.
2. **Mango Seed Weevils:** These beetles lay eggs inside mango seeds, leadinghbvhghbbv
2. I. PESTS OF INFLORESCENCE/FRUIT
1. MANGO HOPPERS,
Idioscopus niveosparsus,
Symptoms:
• Nymphs and adults cause withering and shedding of
flower buds and flowers.
• Presence of small drops of honeydew on lower leaves
followed by development of sooty mould.
• Vector for sooty mould.
• Most serious pest.
3. Management
Grow less susceptible varieties: Banganapalli, chinnarasam and alphonsa
Avoid close planting
Collect and destroy affected inflorescences or sticky inflorescences to minimize
population build up
• Insecticides: phosalone 35 EC 0.05% or carbaryl 50 WP 0.1% along with
wettable sulphur 2 g/lit or monocrotophos 36 SL 0.05% or phenthoate 50 EC
0.05.
• First spray at the time of panicle emergence , second spray two weeks after first
spray.
• Wettable sulphur @ 2 g/lit may be sprayed after spraying carbaryl to avoid mite
resurgence.
• Neem oil 5 ml/lit of water can be mixed with any insecticides.
• Spray 3 per cent neem oil or neem seed kernel powder extract 5 per cent
4. Leaf galls and Aphids
• Application of Dimethoate or Methyl demeton @ 2 ml/lit
will control the pests.
5. Fruit fly: Dacus dorsalis
(Oriental fruit fly)
• Most serious problem in export of mango.
BORERS
6. Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed
spots and dropping of fruits.
Oozing of fluid
Brownish rotten patches on fruits.
Symptoms:
7. Management
Collect and destroy fallen and infested fruits by dumping in a pit and covering
with a thick layer of soil
Plough interspaces during summer to expose puparia
Methyl eugenol lure trap (25/ha) to monitor and kill adults, prepare methyl
eugenol and malathion 50 EC mixture at 1:1 ratio and take 10 ml mixture/ trap
Use bait spray: molasses or jaggery 10 g/ lit + fenthion 100 EC 1ml/lit or
malathion 50 EC 2 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 1ml/lit or carbaryl 50 WP 4g, two rounds
at fortnight interval before ripening of the fruits
Insecticide: Malathion 50 EC @ 0.1%
8. • Grub tunnels in the sapwood on the trunk or branches
• Grub bore into the sap wood and macking irregular
tunnels.
• Feeding the vascular tissues
• Interruption of nutrient and water transport on the tissue
• Drying of terminal shoot in early stage
• Frass comes out from several points and some times sap
oozes out of the holes
• Wilting of branches or entire tree
Stem borer: Bactocera rufomaculata
Symptoms:
9. Management
Remove and destroy dead trees and affected branches from the garden
Exclude the alternate hosts, silk cotton from mango orchard
Grow less susceptible varieties: Neelam, humayudin and panchavarnam
Swab coal tar + kerosene (1:2) on the basal part of the trunk upto 3 feet high after
scraping the loose bark to prevent the female from egg laying
Padding with monocrotophos 36 SL 10ml
(Remove 5 sqcm bark from the trunk,which is at 30 cm from the basal portion of the
affected tree. Place a thin layer of absorbant cotton and pour 10 ml of monocrotophos
on it. Cover with the same bark and plaster with mud.)
Apply carbofuran 3 G @ 5g/ bore hole and plug with mud after application
Apply carbofuran 3 G in the soil at 75 g/ tree basin
10. Mango nut or stone weevil: Sternochetus mangiferae
• Discoloration of pulp near
stone is due to stone weevil.
12. Management
Collect and destroy the fallen fruits with the weevil. Under-sized fruits left on
the tree should be picked and destroyed.
Avoid growing susceptible varieties: Neelum and bangalora
Spray fenthion 100 EC 0.1% at marble stage and second spray 15 days after
the first spray will control nut weevil.
13. Sooty mould: Meliola mangiferae
Sym: Honey dew secretions on leaves and flowers.
Spray- dimecron 0.03 % Maida 5 % can control mould.
14. DISEASES
Powdery mildew
• Most serious disease during flowering stage
• Application of Sulphur dust (350 mesh) in the early morning will
protect new flush or spray Wettable sulphur 0.2% or Tridemorph
0.05% will control powdery mildew.
Powdery mildew can transform “on year” of fruiting to “ off year”.
15. Anthracnose / Die back: Colletotrichum gleosporioides
• Most serious storage disease of mango.
• Produces leaf spots, blossom blight, wither tip, twigs blight and fruit rot.
• Small blister like spots develop on the leaves and twigs.
• Young leaves wither and dry Tender twigs wither and die back symptom
appears.
• Affected branches ultimately dry up. Black spots appear on fruits.
• The fruit pulp becomes hard, crack and decay at ripening. Infected fruits
drop
