This document provides key health indicators for the state of Madhya Pradesh from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015-16. Some key findings include:
- Literacy rates and institutional delivery have increased but remain lower in rural areas.
- Child immunization coverage has improved but is still not universal.
- Stunting, wasting and underweight in children under 5 remain major issues, especially in rural areas.
- Unmet need for family planning and modern contraceptive use have declined slightly but are still prevalent.
Abstract: In lay language, the term abortion is generally considered synonymous with criminal abortion, whereas the term miscarriage generally implies that the pregnancy Stopped spontaneously. The law does not recognize such a distinction. It defines a criminal abortion as one that is illegally induced, that is to say, one which is not justified by the circumstances. . This paper aim to identify the pattern of unsafe abortion, to identify different types of injuries inflicted in attempted abortion and their outcomes regarding maternal morbidity and mortality.
Methods: The present study was conducted by the Department of Medico legal Institute, Egypt from JANUARY 2013 to DECEMBER 2014. The material for the present study comprises of information obtained from the patients’ case records for 24 patients registered as cases of criminal abortion.
Results and discussion: The overall mean age of cases who had abortion in our study occurs in age group 36-40 years; mean age 37.7 ± 1.4 (n= 9; 42%). And the majority of cases (n=9, 37.5%) were found in the 4th decade. In the majority of cases (n=9; 37.5%) abortion, resulted from physical violence due to argument and the assailants were usually neighbors. Beating and kicking at abdomen causing abortion to a young pregnant woman can be a method of revenge directed towards her or her husband in lower classes. Illegal pregnancy corresponded to only 12.5% (n=3) which is same percentage as that one of no reason for the criminal abortion.
In 62.5% (n=15) the trauma induced abortion was mainly blunt trauma. There were also 3 cases involved in biting. In 25% (n = 6) of the cases there was no trauma, the incident was alleged or didn’t end in abortion (D&C showed no fetal tissues).
As for interventions in the studied cases, 62.5% (n=15) of cases had surgical interference in the form of D&C (Dilatation and Curettage), while 37.5% of the cases ( n=9)received only medical treatment. The majority of cases had no complication and out of 24 cases, only one case ended in death ( 4.1%).(Table 5). It was a case of illegal abortion and the victim died from perforated uterus and intestine ending in neurogenic shock and death.
Only one case ended in death (4.1%) due to from perforated uterus and intestine ending in neurogenic shock and death.
Conclusion: Legible documentation for criminal abortion shall ensure accurate and concrete planning for health status of women and other demographic data which will improve the quality of life as well.
This study evaluated the clinical and perinatal outcomes of 100 teenage pregnancies at a tertiary referral center in South India. The study found that teenage pregnancies had higher rates of complications like anemia (43%), preeclampsia (21%), preterm labor (21%), and emergency c-sections (33%) compared to adult pregnancies. Neonatal outcomes were also worse, with 38% of babies being low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 21% being preterm. The study concluded that teenage pregnancy poses significant health risks to both mother and baby due to the biological immaturity of teenage mothers.
Relationship of Antenatal Care with the Prevention of Maternal Mortality amon...iosrjce
The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between antenatal care and the prevention of maternal mortality among pregnant women in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The study found:
1) A significant relationship existed between the level of awareness of antenatal care and the prevention of maternal mortality.
2) A significant relationship also existed between the level of utilization of antenatal care services and the prevention of maternal mortality.
3) The study recommended increasing awareness of antenatal care benefits and encouraging regular attendance to allow early detection of risks and reduce maternal mortality.
The Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical Abortion in Women at...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Increasing rates of prenatal testing among Jewish and Arab women in Israel ov...Jenny Ostrovsky
This study compared rates of prenatal testing among Jewish and Arab women in Israel over a decade from 2001 to 2010 using data from national surveys. The key findings were:
1) Rates of nuchal translucency screening and early ultrasound increased significantly for both groups but remained higher for Jewish women.
2) Rates of biochemical triple marker tests and amniocentesis did not change significantly for either group. Amniocentesis uptake among older women was higher for Jewish women.
3) Carrier screening rates increased more for Jewish women. Factors associated with higher uptake included income, education, insurance, and receiving information.
The relationship between prenatal self care and adverse birth outcomes in you...iosrjce
Birth outcomes refer to the end result of a pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between self care practices during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in young women aged 16
to 24 years at a provincial maternity hospital in Zimbabwel. A descriptive corelational design was used. Orem’s
Self Care theory was used to guide the study. Eighty pregnant women were selected using systematic random
sampling and, data was collected using interviews from the 1 March - 31 April 2012. Permission to carry out
the study was obtained from the provincial maternity hospital, the Department of Nursing Science and the
Medical and Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings revealed such adverse birth outcomes as prematurity
(between 28-32 weeks) 10 (12.5%), still births, 3 (3.75%), low apgar 17 (21.2%) and low birth weight 16 (20%).
Adverse birth outcomes in the mothers included high blood pressure 32 (40%), HIV infection 20 (25%) and post
partum hemorrhage 7 (8.8%) Twenty-four (30%) participants had not booked for antenatal care, 1 (1.8%)
booked for antenatal care at less than 12 weeks while only 1 (1.8%) disclosed her pregnancy at above 29 weeks’
gestation. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between self care practices and adverse birth
outcomes, r=.340. This meant that birth outcomes improved as self care practices increased. Significant R2
. was
.115 meaning self care practices explained 11.5% of the variance observed in birth outcomes. Midwives should
advocate delay in sexual debut in young women to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
Pandora's eggs: Social Darwinism v. Economic Rationalism in access to IVFLouise Miller Frost
assisted reproduction remains a hot topic, polarising opinions. This paper examines some of the dominant discourses and the underlying assumptions and philosophies.
This document provides key health indicators for the state of Madhya Pradesh from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015-16. Some key findings include:
- Literacy rates and institutional delivery have increased but remain lower in rural areas.
- Child immunization coverage has improved but is still not universal.
- Stunting, wasting and underweight in children under 5 remain major issues, especially in rural areas.
- Unmet need for family planning and modern contraceptive use have declined slightly but are still prevalent.
Abstract: In lay language, the term abortion is generally considered synonymous with criminal abortion, whereas the term miscarriage generally implies that the pregnancy Stopped spontaneously. The law does not recognize such a distinction. It defines a criminal abortion as one that is illegally induced, that is to say, one which is not justified by the circumstances. . This paper aim to identify the pattern of unsafe abortion, to identify different types of injuries inflicted in attempted abortion and their outcomes regarding maternal morbidity and mortality.
Methods: The present study was conducted by the Department of Medico legal Institute, Egypt from JANUARY 2013 to DECEMBER 2014. The material for the present study comprises of information obtained from the patients’ case records for 24 patients registered as cases of criminal abortion.
Results and discussion: The overall mean age of cases who had abortion in our study occurs in age group 36-40 years; mean age 37.7 ± 1.4 (n= 9; 42%). And the majority of cases (n=9, 37.5%) were found in the 4th decade. In the majority of cases (n=9; 37.5%) abortion, resulted from physical violence due to argument and the assailants were usually neighbors. Beating and kicking at abdomen causing abortion to a young pregnant woman can be a method of revenge directed towards her or her husband in lower classes. Illegal pregnancy corresponded to only 12.5% (n=3) which is same percentage as that one of no reason for the criminal abortion.
In 62.5% (n=15) the trauma induced abortion was mainly blunt trauma. There were also 3 cases involved in biting. In 25% (n = 6) of the cases there was no trauma, the incident was alleged or didn’t end in abortion (D&C showed no fetal tissues).
As for interventions in the studied cases, 62.5% (n=15) of cases had surgical interference in the form of D&C (Dilatation and Curettage), while 37.5% of the cases ( n=9)received only medical treatment. The majority of cases had no complication and out of 24 cases, only one case ended in death ( 4.1%).(Table 5). It was a case of illegal abortion and the victim died from perforated uterus and intestine ending in neurogenic shock and death.
Only one case ended in death (4.1%) due to from perforated uterus and intestine ending in neurogenic shock and death.
Conclusion: Legible documentation for criminal abortion shall ensure accurate and concrete planning for health status of women and other demographic data which will improve the quality of life as well.
This study evaluated the clinical and perinatal outcomes of 100 teenage pregnancies at a tertiary referral center in South India. The study found that teenage pregnancies had higher rates of complications like anemia (43%), preeclampsia (21%), preterm labor (21%), and emergency c-sections (33%) compared to adult pregnancies. Neonatal outcomes were also worse, with 38% of babies being low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 21% being preterm. The study concluded that teenage pregnancy poses significant health risks to both mother and baby due to the biological immaturity of teenage mothers.
Relationship of Antenatal Care with the Prevention of Maternal Mortality amon...iosrjce
The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between antenatal care and the prevention of maternal mortality among pregnant women in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The study found:
1) A significant relationship existed between the level of awareness of antenatal care and the prevention of maternal mortality.
2) A significant relationship also existed between the level of utilization of antenatal care services and the prevention of maternal mortality.
3) The study recommended increasing awareness of antenatal care benefits and encouraging regular attendance to allow early detection of risks and reduce maternal mortality.
The Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical Abortion in Women at...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Increasing rates of prenatal testing among Jewish and Arab women in Israel ov...Jenny Ostrovsky
This study compared rates of prenatal testing among Jewish and Arab women in Israel over a decade from 2001 to 2010 using data from national surveys. The key findings were:
1) Rates of nuchal translucency screening and early ultrasound increased significantly for both groups but remained higher for Jewish women.
2) Rates of biochemical triple marker tests and amniocentesis did not change significantly for either group. Amniocentesis uptake among older women was higher for Jewish women.
3) Carrier screening rates increased more for Jewish women. Factors associated with higher uptake included income, education, insurance, and receiving information.
The relationship between prenatal self care and adverse birth outcomes in you...iosrjce
Birth outcomes refer to the end result of a pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between self care practices during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in young women aged 16
to 24 years at a provincial maternity hospital in Zimbabwel. A descriptive corelational design was used. Orem’s
Self Care theory was used to guide the study. Eighty pregnant women were selected using systematic random
sampling and, data was collected using interviews from the 1 March - 31 April 2012. Permission to carry out
the study was obtained from the provincial maternity hospital, the Department of Nursing Science and the
Medical and Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings revealed such adverse birth outcomes as prematurity
(between 28-32 weeks) 10 (12.5%), still births, 3 (3.75%), low apgar 17 (21.2%) and low birth weight 16 (20%).
Adverse birth outcomes in the mothers included high blood pressure 32 (40%), HIV infection 20 (25%) and post
partum hemorrhage 7 (8.8%) Twenty-four (30%) participants had not booked for antenatal care, 1 (1.8%)
booked for antenatal care at less than 12 weeks while only 1 (1.8%) disclosed her pregnancy at above 29 weeks’
gestation. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between self care practices and adverse birth
outcomes, r=.340. This meant that birth outcomes improved as self care practices increased. Significant R2
. was
.115 meaning self care practices explained 11.5% of the variance observed in birth outcomes. Midwives should
advocate delay in sexual debut in young women to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
Pandora's eggs: Social Darwinism v. Economic Rationalism in access to IVFLouise Miller Frost
assisted reproduction remains a hot topic, polarising opinions. This paper examines some of the dominant discourses and the underlying assumptions and philosophies.
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale inAlexander Decker
This document discusses the validation of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale in Nigeria. It describes a study that examined the concurrent validity of the Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) using responses from 253 prison inmates in Nigeria. The study found significant correlations between the total scores on the ACE-IQ and CTQ, as well as between their subscales, indicating the two scales have concurrent validity in measuring adverse childhood experiences. It also found that male, young, low education, and divorced inmates reported more adverse childhood experiences.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION International journal of gynecology & obstetri...Dr Muhammad Mustansar
This document summarizes a 5-year study of maternal mortality in Faisalabad City, Pakistan from 1989-1993. The study found 215 maternal deaths during this period, giving a maternal mortality rate of 0.77 deaths per 1,000 live births. The main causes of death were postpartum hemorrhage (23.3%), pregnancy induced hypertension/eclampsia (15.8%), and non-obstetric causes (15.8%). Efforts like traditional birth attendant training, community education, antenatal checkups, and improved obstetric care were found to help reduce the maternal mortality rate in the region over this time period.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Risk factors and treatment seeking behavior of Tuberculosis In Selected Stat...PRAKASAM C P
This document analyzes risk factors and treatment seeking behavior for tuberculosis (TB) in four Indian states using data from the National Family Health Survey 3 (NFHS-3). The key points are:
1. The prevalence of TB was highest in Tamil Nadu and among males, older age groups, and rural populations.
2. Risk factors for TB included poor housing conditions, cooking with biomass fuels, and behaviors like smoking and drinking. Wealth, education, and urban residence were protective.
3. Treatment seeking varied by state, with households in Andhra Pradesh least likely to use government facilities for TB care. Private providers remained the primary source of care overall.
BLACK LIVES MATTER:
The latest Abortion report issued from the CDC in 2014. Displays that Black women (14% of the US population) make up 29.6 % of the nations abortions.
This study assessed awareness levels about immunization programs among low socioeconomic families in rural West Bengal. A survey was conducted covering 590 children aged 1-5 years. The results showed that mothers had higher awareness than other family members. Factors like education level, caste, occupation, family size and distance from health centers influenced immunization rates. Full immunization was higher for males (56%) compared to females (23%). Children supported by integrated child development services had significantly higher full immunization (75%) than non-supported children (30%). The study concluded immunization awareness among rural families needs to be improved, especially for females and disadvantaged groups.
This document is a demographic research proposal investigating the determinants of modern contraceptive use among unmarried female adolescents aged 15-19 in Malawi. It begins with an introduction that provides background on the sexual and reproductive health problems faced by this population and discusses Malawi's efforts to address this issue through youth friendly health services. The problem statement notes that while modern contraceptive use has increased, unplanned pregnancy rates remain high. The literature review covers sexual health issues, benefits of modern contraceptives, and factors influencing use worldwide and in Malawi. The objectives and research questions aim to examine the association and influence of various determinants on modern contraceptive use. The methodology section outlines the study design, data sources, variables, and analysis
Does Utilization of Antenatal Care Reduces Reproductive Risk? A Case Study o...PRAKASAM C P
This paper examines the utilization of antenatal care and out come of pregnancy and delivery complications (Reproductive risk) among currently married women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data for this study were collected from DLHS-RCH-3 for Andhra Pradesh. Pregnancy outcome has been collected for all deliveries from the currently married women and the utilisation of ANC, health seeing behavior, pregnancy problems during and problems during delivery which have been considered as reproductive risk and analysed for the last child data. Reproductive history of 19825 deliveries for Andhra Pradesh form data set. Analysis has been carried out in three stages. Initially Pregnancy loss and its ANC and treatment seeking behavior have been analysed. At the second stage pregnancy complications and delivery complications for the last delivery in relation to outcome has been analysed for Andhra Pradesh data. At the third stage interrelation between Pregnancy out come and reproductive risk has been analysed by using logistic regression. Further influence of background variables on reproductive loss and treatment seeking behavior has been analysed. The results revealed that women experience still birth in Andhra Pradesh found to be around 2.9. Further results revealed that women who had utilized antenatal care services found to have less risk in delivering last child than other. Maternal age and husband occupation played significant influence in utilization of health care services leading to safe delivery in these two selected states.
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
Trichomoniasis in the women is usually asymptotic however the disease might be manifested as vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: A case-control hospital based study conducted at Kassala Hospitals, eastern Sudan during the period from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2015 to investigate the prevalence rate of Trichomoniasis during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcome. Results: During the study period there were 199 infected women with T vaginalis among 2374 deliveries yielding a prevalence rate of 8.3%. The vast majority (140/199, 70.4%) was asymptomatic while the rest presented with vaginal discharge (33/199, 16.6%), itching (16/199, 8%) and dysuria (10/199, 5%). With regard to membranes status and neonatal outcome higher proportion of infected women presented with premature ruptured membranes (30, 15.1% Vs 6, 3%; P = 0.000) and gave preterm birth (31, 15.6% Vs 7, 3.5%; P= 0.000). Using logistic regression analysis the study showed significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth (CI= 1.1 � 13.6, OR= 3.9, P= 0.030) and premature rupture of the amniotic sac before 4 centimeter dilatation (CI= 1.0 3.2, OR= 1.8, P= 0.025). Conclusion: Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent among parturient women in eastern Sudan, and there is significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth and premature ruptured membranes.
11.role of gender in contraceptive use among currently married women in uttar...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the role of gender preference on contraceptive use among married women in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The study found high son preference in both states based on skewed sex ratios, women's desire for more children if they did not have sons, and differences in treatment of boys and girls. Contraceptive use was much lower in both states compared to India as a whole. Further analysis showed that women were less likely to use contraception if they did not have sons or if their ideal family composition included more sons than daughters. The study concludes that strong son preference negatively impacts acceptance of family planning methods in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Hospital based study on perinatal mortality in RIMS,Manipuriosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Current point of view in preterm labor management in albania (2)Alexander Decker
This study examined the use of maintenance tocolysis therapy to prevent preterm labor in Albania. The study included 325 pregnant women between 28-32 weeks gestation hospitalized for preterm labor. Women received tocolysis therapy for over one month. Those between 28-30 weeks (n=200) had greater benefits, with pregnancy prolonged by 6-8 weeks on average. The authors conclude maintenance tocolysis therapy can considerably prolong pregnancy for women diagnosed with preterm labor between 28-32 weeks gestation, though larger studies are still needed.
11.a study of sexually experienced unmarried men in indiaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes data from India's National Family Health Survey to examine the effect of education on contraceptive and condom use among sexually experienced unmarried men. The results show that education has a positive effect on contraceptive and condom use, with higher levels of education associated with greater use. However, the interaction of education and awareness about contraceptives, HIV/AIDS, and STDs provides a better explanation for safe sexual practices. The findings suggest that policies should focus on both increasing education and awareness to improve contraceptive use among unmarried men in India.
A study of sexually experienced unmarried men in indiaAlexander Decker
This document examines the effect of education on contraceptive and condom use among sexually experienced unmarried men in India using data from the 2005-06 National Family Health Survey. The study finds that education has a positive effect on contraceptive as well as condom use, but that the interaction of education and awareness provides key explanations for safe sexual practices. The findings could help policymakers focus on both education and awareness to improve safe sexual practices in India where sex education remains controversial.
Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) Pregnancy Cohort Study in Singa...Premier Publishers
The Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) pregnancy cohort study was set up to assess clinical, biochemical and biophysical markers for risk assessment and prediction of the outcomes early in pregnancy. A total of 3271 patients who were in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between September 2010 and October 2014 were screened and 1013 patients consented to participate in the study. Women were followed at 18 to 22 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks and 34 weeks and above, till their postnatal discharge from the hospital. Finally, 926 patients remained for studying the outcome. In NORA study, we established locally derived and gestational age-specific reference intervals for the five thyroid hormone parameters. Higher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries compared with women with term deliveries in the cohort. We also found that extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing pre-eclampsia (PE) biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population. We plan to further conduct a range of serial assessments from the biosamples which will provide a comprehensive and valuable information of the dynamics of maternal conditions and fetal development during pregnancy.
Social Support in the Utilization of Antenatal Care Based On Customer Drivenirjes
The document discusses a study on the effect of social support on the utilization of antenatal care in Balikpapan, Indonesia. It finds that:
1) Social support, particularly from family, has a significant positive correlation with antenatal care utilization. Higher social support leads to higher utilization of antenatal care.
2) Most respondents received support from their families, but fewer received support from friends or social groups.
3) Social support accounts for 19.1% of antenatal care utilization, while other unmeasured factors account for the remaining 80.9%.
Son preference and fertility behavior evidence from Viet Nam - Project statementHanh To
This project seeks to contribute to the current literature of son preference and sex imbalance in Vietnam and other developing countries by extending the measure of “son preference” to birth interval, number of children and probability of using contraceptive methods.
A validation of the adverse childhood experiences scale inAlexander Decker
This document discusses the validation of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale in Nigeria. It describes a study that examined the concurrent validity of the Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) using responses from 253 prison inmates in Nigeria. The study found significant correlations between the total scores on the ACE-IQ and CTQ, as well as between their subscales, indicating the two scales have concurrent validity in measuring adverse childhood experiences. It also found that male, young, low education, and divorced inmates reported more adverse childhood experiences.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION International journal of gynecology & obstetri...Dr Muhammad Mustansar
This document summarizes a 5-year study of maternal mortality in Faisalabad City, Pakistan from 1989-1993. The study found 215 maternal deaths during this period, giving a maternal mortality rate of 0.77 deaths per 1,000 live births. The main causes of death were postpartum hemorrhage (23.3%), pregnancy induced hypertension/eclampsia (15.8%), and non-obstetric causes (15.8%). Efforts like traditional birth attendant training, community education, antenatal checkups, and improved obstetric care were found to help reduce the maternal mortality rate in the region over this time period.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Risk factors and treatment seeking behavior of Tuberculosis In Selected Stat...PRAKASAM C P
This document analyzes risk factors and treatment seeking behavior for tuberculosis (TB) in four Indian states using data from the National Family Health Survey 3 (NFHS-3). The key points are:
1. The prevalence of TB was highest in Tamil Nadu and among males, older age groups, and rural populations.
2. Risk factors for TB included poor housing conditions, cooking with biomass fuels, and behaviors like smoking and drinking. Wealth, education, and urban residence were protective.
3. Treatment seeking varied by state, with households in Andhra Pradesh least likely to use government facilities for TB care. Private providers remained the primary source of care overall.
BLACK LIVES MATTER:
The latest Abortion report issued from the CDC in 2014. Displays that Black women (14% of the US population) make up 29.6 % of the nations abortions.
This study assessed awareness levels about immunization programs among low socioeconomic families in rural West Bengal. A survey was conducted covering 590 children aged 1-5 years. The results showed that mothers had higher awareness than other family members. Factors like education level, caste, occupation, family size and distance from health centers influenced immunization rates. Full immunization was higher for males (56%) compared to females (23%). Children supported by integrated child development services had significantly higher full immunization (75%) than non-supported children (30%). The study concluded immunization awareness among rural families needs to be improved, especially for females and disadvantaged groups.
This document is a demographic research proposal investigating the determinants of modern contraceptive use among unmarried female adolescents aged 15-19 in Malawi. It begins with an introduction that provides background on the sexual and reproductive health problems faced by this population and discusses Malawi's efforts to address this issue through youth friendly health services. The problem statement notes that while modern contraceptive use has increased, unplanned pregnancy rates remain high. The literature review covers sexual health issues, benefits of modern contraceptives, and factors influencing use worldwide and in Malawi. The objectives and research questions aim to examine the association and influence of various determinants on modern contraceptive use. The methodology section outlines the study design, data sources, variables, and analysis
Does Utilization of Antenatal Care Reduces Reproductive Risk? A Case Study o...PRAKASAM C P
This paper examines the utilization of antenatal care and out come of pregnancy and delivery complications (Reproductive risk) among currently married women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data for this study were collected from DLHS-RCH-3 for Andhra Pradesh. Pregnancy outcome has been collected for all deliveries from the currently married women and the utilisation of ANC, health seeing behavior, pregnancy problems during and problems during delivery which have been considered as reproductive risk and analysed for the last child data. Reproductive history of 19825 deliveries for Andhra Pradesh form data set. Analysis has been carried out in three stages. Initially Pregnancy loss and its ANC and treatment seeking behavior have been analysed. At the second stage pregnancy complications and delivery complications for the last delivery in relation to outcome has been analysed for Andhra Pradesh data. At the third stage interrelation between Pregnancy out come and reproductive risk has been analysed by using logistic regression. Further influence of background variables on reproductive loss and treatment seeking behavior has been analysed. The results revealed that women experience still birth in Andhra Pradesh found to be around 2.9. Further results revealed that women who had utilized antenatal care services found to have less risk in delivering last child than other. Maternal age and husband occupation played significant influence in utilization of health care services leading to safe delivery in these two selected states.
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
Trichomoniasis in the women is usually asymptotic however the disease might be manifested as vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: A case-control hospital based study conducted at Kassala Hospitals, eastern Sudan during the period from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2015 to investigate the prevalence rate of Trichomoniasis during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcome. Results: During the study period there were 199 infected women with T vaginalis among 2374 deliveries yielding a prevalence rate of 8.3%. The vast majority (140/199, 70.4%) was asymptomatic while the rest presented with vaginal discharge (33/199, 16.6%), itching (16/199, 8%) and dysuria (10/199, 5%). With regard to membranes status and neonatal outcome higher proportion of infected women presented with premature ruptured membranes (30, 15.1% Vs 6, 3%; P = 0.000) and gave preterm birth (31, 15.6% Vs 7, 3.5%; P= 0.000). Using logistic regression analysis the study showed significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth (CI= 1.1 � 13.6, OR= 3.9, P= 0.030) and premature rupture of the amniotic sac before 4 centimeter dilatation (CI= 1.0 3.2, OR= 1.8, P= 0.025). Conclusion: Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent among parturient women in eastern Sudan, and there is significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth and premature ruptured membranes.
11.role of gender in contraceptive use among currently married women in uttar...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the role of gender preference on contraceptive use among married women in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The study found high son preference in both states based on skewed sex ratios, women's desire for more children if they did not have sons, and differences in treatment of boys and girls. Contraceptive use was much lower in both states compared to India as a whole. Further analysis showed that women were less likely to use contraception if they did not have sons or if their ideal family composition included more sons than daughters. The study concludes that strong son preference negatively impacts acceptance of family planning methods in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Hospital based study on perinatal mortality in RIMS,Manipuriosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Current point of view in preterm labor management in albania (2)Alexander Decker
This study examined the use of maintenance tocolysis therapy to prevent preterm labor in Albania. The study included 325 pregnant women between 28-32 weeks gestation hospitalized for preterm labor. Women received tocolysis therapy for over one month. Those between 28-30 weeks (n=200) had greater benefits, with pregnancy prolonged by 6-8 weeks on average. The authors conclude maintenance tocolysis therapy can considerably prolong pregnancy for women diagnosed with preterm labor between 28-32 weeks gestation, though larger studies are still needed.
11.a study of sexually experienced unmarried men in indiaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes data from India's National Family Health Survey to examine the effect of education on contraceptive and condom use among sexually experienced unmarried men. The results show that education has a positive effect on contraceptive and condom use, with higher levels of education associated with greater use. However, the interaction of education and awareness about contraceptives, HIV/AIDS, and STDs provides a better explanation for safe sexual practices. The findings suggest that policies should focus on both increasing education and awareness to improve contraceptive use among unmarried men in India.
A study of sexually experienced unmarried men in indiaAlexander Decker
This document examines the effect of education on contraceptive and condom use among sexually experienced unmarried men in India using data from the 2005-06 National Family Health Survey. The study finds that education has a positive effect on contraceptive as well as condom use, but that the interaction of education and awareness provides key explanations for safe sexual practices. The findings could help policymakers focus on both education and awareness to improve safe sexual practices in India where sex education remains controversial.
Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) Pregnancy Cohort Study in Singa...Premier Publishers
The Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) pregnancy cohort study was set up to assess clinical, biochemical and biophysical markers for risk assessment and prediction of the outcomes early in pregnancy. A total of 3271 patients who were in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between September 2010 and October 2014 were screened and 1013 patients consented to participate in the study. Women were followed at 18 to 22 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks and 34 weeks and above, till their postnatal discharge from the hospital. Finally, 926 patients remained for studying the outcome. In NORA study, we established locally derived and gestational age-specific reference intervals for the five thyroid hormone parameters. Higher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries compared with women with term deliveries in the cohort. We also found that extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing pre-eclampsia (PE) biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population. We plan to further conduct a range of serial assessments from the biosamples which will provide a comprehensive and valuable information of the dynamics of maternal conditions and fetal development during pregnancy.
Social Support in the Utilization of Antenatal Care Based On Customer Drivenirjes
The document discusses a study on the effect of social support on the utilization of antenatal care in Balikpapan, Indonesia. It finds that:
1) Social support, particularly from family, has a significant positive correlation with antenatal care utilization. Higher social support leads to higher utilization of antenatal care.
2) Most respondents received support from their families, but fewer received support from friends or social groups.
3) Social support accounts for 19.1% of antenatal care utilization, while other unmeasured factors account for the remaining 80.9%.
Son preference and fertility behavior evidence from Viet Nam - Project statementHanh To
This project seeks to contribute to the current literature of son preference and sex imbalance in Vietnam and other developing countries by extending the measure of “son preference” to birth interval, number of children and probability of using contraceptive methods.
This document discusses family planning programs and contraceptive use in India, with a focus on the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. It provides background on the history of family planning efforts in India and defines unmet need. The summary is:
1) Family planning programs in India began in 1952 but shifted focus from individual choice to population control in the 1960s as rapid growth concerned the government.
2) The document analyzes contraceptive use and unmet need among young, currently married rural women in 8 EAG states using data from the 2002-2004 District Level Household Survey.
3) Sterilization is the most commonly used method across the EAG states. Use of spacing and
Citizen Report Card issue brief on family planning in ugandaFOWODE Uganda
Forum for Women in Democracy in 2012, commissioned a study in Gulu and Luwero districts to measure citizens’ satisfaction with Family Planning (FP) services using a Citizens’ Report Card (CRC).
This document analyzes how China's One Child Policy led to unintended consequences by exacerbating the country's sex ratio imbalance. It finds that stricter enforcement of the policy discouraged fertility but was associated with higher ratios of males to females, as parents engaged in sex selection to comply with the policy while having at least one son. The sex ratio rose most sharply for first births during the 1990s. By exploiting variations in policy enforcement across regions and time periods, the study provides compelling evidence that the policy caused the increase in sex selection and "missing girls" phenomenon in China.
This document summarizes research on sex-selective abortion in Rajasthan, India. The qualitative study found that respondents were aware of sex determination techniques and places providing those services. Strong son preference existed regarding family size and composition. Couples with two or more daughters or desiring a small family sometimes opted for sex-selective abortion. The community survey found awareness and use of sex-selective abortion as well, confirming its practice in the region.
Adolescents and utilization of family planning services in rural community of...Alexander Decker
This study examined family planning services utilization among adolescents in a rural Nigerian community. 400 adolescents ages 10-19 completed questionnaires. Over two-thirds reported family planning services being available, with main sources being health centers, chemists, and pharmacies. Reasons for service selection included low cost, privacy, and proximity. While most adolescents were sexually active and knowledgeable about contraception, condom use was low and many were unconcerned about pregnancy or STDs. The study concluded family planning services were available but underutilized, with worrisome attitudes towards unprotected sex among adolescents in the community.
This document summarizes a study on women's perceptions and use of non-permanent contraceptive methods for birth spacing in Uttar Pradesh, India. The study used semi-structured interviews of 42 women to investigate perceptions, enabling factors, and barriers related to injectable contraceptives and IUDs. Key findings included that women had a desire to space births but faced barriers like side effects, son preference, limited mobility and decision making, and religious beliefs prohibiting some methods. Understanding these issues could help develop culturally appropriate family planning programs and policies in the region.
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
Contraceptive methods & factors associated with modern contraceptives useAnjum Hashmi MPH
The study examined contraceptive use among 288 females in Karachi, Pakistan. Modern contraceptive methods, such as injections, implants, and IUDs, were used by 75% of participants. Factors associated with higher odds of modern contraceptive use included: being younger than 30 years old, receiving information from a family planning worker, and having a child younger than 1 year old. Television and billboard advertisements were associated with lower odds of modern contraceptive use. The study provides insight into prevalent contraceptive methods and influencing factors in the region.
This study examined inter-spousal communication on reproductive health in Tamilnadu and Orissa, India. It found that while many couples discussed family size, over 1/3 in Tamilnadu and over 1/4 in both states did not discuss until after their first or second child. Inter-spousal communication was lowest among tribal populations in Orissa. The study also found that 65% of last pregnancies in Tamilnadu and 43% in Orissa were unplanned, largely due to lack of contraceptive use. Focus groups revealed gaps between family planning knowledge and practice. The data suggests male dominance and low women's status limits inter-spousal communication on reproductive health decisions. Improving communication and promoting
Usage of family planning practices and its effects on women healthmustafa farooqi
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a study on the usage of family planning practices and their effects on women's health in rural areas of Khanewal, Pakistan. The introduction discusses the importance of family planning for women's empowerment and health benefits. It also outlines the study's objectives to examine the role of financial factors and effects on family size, health, and future fertility intentions. The literature review covers past research on cultural perceptions of fertility, socioeconomic influences on contraceptive use, and programs to increase usage. The methodology describes the study design, including sampling techniques, to collect data on family planning practices in the target population.
A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re Productive Healthijtsrd
Reproductive health covers all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life. Good reproductive health for women begins in childhood and the teen years. Things such as nutrition, environment, education, income level, and cultural practices influence your reproductive health. Good reproductive health benefits the health and well being of our family. It can improve the social and economic situation of you and our family. And most importantly, it can help make sure that every infant is wanted, loved and has a chance to grow up healthy. The present study concludes that 1 4th 59 of the respondents attitude are neutral, 21percent of the respondent’s attitude are positive, and 19percent of the respondent attitude is negative towards sexual and reproductive health. Dr. Agnes Febiola. X | Saranya. S "A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re-Productive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56237/a-study-on-the-attitude-of-tribal-woman-towards-reproductive-health/dr-agnes-febiola-x
Socioeconomic differentials in the use of selected reproductive health servic...Golam Kibria Madhurza
This document summarizes a study examining socioeconomic differentials in the use of reproductive health services in Bangladesh. The study finds that public sector services remain the primary source of modern contraceptives for rural, less educated, and poor women. Wealthier individuals and those in urban areas are more likely to use private services for antenatal care and delivery. A multivariate analysis shows socioeconomic status significantly impacts the likelihood of choosing different service providers. While NGO expansion has increased access, socioeconomic status does not influence choice of NGO services. The study concludes more attention is needed on reproductive health determinants to reduce maternal mortality.
Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in Newborns Delivered in a Rural Medic...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This study assessed family planning practices among the urban slum population in Lucknow, India. Over 500 recently delivered women were surveyed using cluster sampling. The results found that over 60% had knowledge of contraceptive methods, with over half currently using contraception. The most common methods were condoms, birth control pills, IUDs, and sterilization. Around 30% cited religious reasons for not using contraception, while others reported lack of knowledge, husband's reluctance, or financial constraints. The study recommends popularizing newer family planning practices, educating men on vasectomy, and providing more community awareness programs on reproductive health for slum residents.
Ijsrp p8825 Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (...Elizabeth kiilu
Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV services in selected hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya:A qualitative Study
Similar to Perspective of New Born abandonment inrelatioship to Gender (20)
COLOUR CODING IN THE PERIOPERATIVE NURSING PRACTICE.SamboGlo
COLOUR CODING IN THE PERIOPERATIVE ENVIRONMENT HAS COME TO STAY ,SOME SENCE OF HUMOUR WILL BE APPRECIATED AT THE RIGHT TIME BY THE PATIENT AND OTHER SURGICAL TEAM MEMBERS.
The best massage spa Ajman is Chandrima Spa Ajman, which was founded in 2023 and is exclusively for men 24 hours a day. As of right now, our parent firm has been providing massage services to over 50,000+ clients in Ajman for the past 10 years. It has about 8+ branches. This demonstrates that Chandrima Spa Ajman is among the most reasonably priced spas in Ajman and the ideal place to unwind and rejuvenate. We provide a wide range of Spa massage treatments, including Indian, Pakistani, Kerala, Malayali, and body-to-body massages. Numerous massage techniques are available, including deep tissue, Swedish, Thai, Russian, and hot stone massages. Our massage therapists produce genuinely unique treatments that generate a revitalized sense of inner serenely by fusing modern techniques, the cleanest natural substances, and traditional holistic therapists.
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in the blood back to the lungs and exhaled.
Non-invasive methods for ETCO2 measurement include capnometry and capnography. Capnometry provides a numerical value for ETCO2. In contrast, capnography delivers a more comprehensive measurement that is displayed in both graphical (waveform) and numerical form.
Sidestream devices can monitor both intubated and non-intubated patients, while mainstream devices are most often limited to intubated patients.
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptxMatSouthwell1
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
2. The ways embraced to have son preference would be sex
selection abortion, female infanticide and abandoning the
female new born. The first two are well studied phenomenon
but the phenomenon of abandoned female babies is rarely
studied. Selective abortions of girls in India has grown in past
two decades and accounts for most of large growing imbalance
between the number of girls to boys aged 0-6 years. Sex ratio
for birth after first born girl fell sharply from 1990 to 2005. By
contrast, sex ratio for birth after a first born boy did not change
(Jha et al., 2011). 30% women assumed to abort all female
foetuses for third births in India (Guilmoto, 2012).
Amniocentesis was introduced in 1974 "to ascertain birth
defects in a sample population," but "was quickly appropriated
by medical entrepreneurs. A spate of sex-selective abortions
followed" (Karlekar, 1995) The skewed sex ratio has been
linked son preference and spread of ultrasonography
technology through the private health care system (Guilmoto,
2012).
The Indian government implemented a Pre-natal Diagnostic
Techniques Act in 1994 to prevent the misuse of technique for
purpose of prenatal sex determination to selective abortions of
girls [14]
. It is unlikely that this act has been effective because
few health providers has been charged or convicted [15]
. With
its strict implication sex ratio improved in favours females in
2007 from 906 to 909 in 2013 but number of survived girls in
the 0-4 years age group declined from 914 to 909 in India
(SRS). Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and
Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 (PNDT), was amended in
2003 to the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic
Techniques (Prohibition Of Sex Selection) Act (PCPNDT Act)
to improve the regulation of the technology used in sex
selection but visible action taken under this law at local level
such as Akola districts visible from 2011-12 as seen per
records of Civil surgeon’s office in form of USG machines
being sealed (PCPNDT, 2015). Therefore the present study
was aimed to see effect of PCPNDT act over abandoned babies
and various factor associated with abandoned babies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This record based retrospective cross-sectional descriptive
study was conducted in Government Medical College and
Hospital, Akola, and Lady Harding District Hospital for
women, Akola (Maharashtra, India). The information
regarding abandoned babies was collected from the records of
Neonatal intensive care units of both hospitals. All abandoned
babies who were admitted in NICU of both hospitals from 1
January, 2003 to 31 December, 2014, were included in study
(total duration 12 years). These hospitals are first referral
centres for health check-up and treatment of the abandoned
babies, who are brought here from district area and peripheral
area in Akola district. After the discharge from hospitals these
abandoned babies were shifted to foster homes. All available
data regarding age at abandoned, gender, area, and date of
admission, weight on admission, congenital anomalies, and
injuries, outcome in form of discharge or death were recorded
from hospital records. For the study purpose abandoned babies
or unknown babies were defined as those babies whose parents
were not known. Also strict and effective implementation of
PCPNDT act was happen after 2011 so we have compared
study subjects in two groups before and after implementation
of PCPNDT act. Before the start of study, permission from the
ethical committee was taken from both hospitals. Data was
analyzed by using Epi-info 7 software and appropriate test of
significant was applied wherever required.
RESULTS
Table 1. Demographic data related to recovered/rescued
abandoned child
Gender Before After Total
Male 24 08 32
Female 19 18 37
Total 43 26 69
X2
=4.087 d.f.=1 P= .043 statistically significant (as P < 0.05)
From year 2003 to 2014 in total 69 babies were abandoned
(rescued), out of 69 abandoned babies 32 were males and 37
were Females. Before to active implementation of PCPNDT
24 male and 08 were females observed and after
implementation 19 were male and 18 were female were
observed. Difference between gender of abandoned Childs and
implementation of PCPNDT was found statistically
significant.
Table 2. Age and area wise distribution of abandoned babies
Area from where baby were rescued (recovered)
Urban 34 49.27%
Rural 35 50.73%
Total 69 100%
Approximate age of abandoned child at the time of hospital admission
<1 week 56 81.16%
>1 week 13 18.84%
69 100%
From the table 2, it was observed 35were brought from urban
areas and 34 from rural areas. 56 babies’ were having age less
one week admission and 13 babies’ were having age more one
week at the time of admission.
Table 3. Various factors associated with abandoned baby’s health
Gender Survived Expired total
Male 23 09 32
Female 30 07 37
Total 53 16 69
X 2
=0.816, d.f.= 1, p>0.05 (Difference not significant)
Approximate age
<1 week 00 16 16
>1 week 53 00 53
Total 53 16 69
Fisher's exact test, The two-tailed P value is < 0.0001 Extremely statistically
significant.
From the table 3 it was observed that Out of 32 male babies
total 23 survived and 09 babies expired and out of 37 female
babies 30 survived and 07 babies expired. Difference between
survival and gender of abandoned child is found to be
statistically not significant. Abandoned child having age less
than 1 week no one survived and having age more than 1 week
all abandoned child survived. Difference between survival and
age of abandoned child is found to be statistically highly
significant.
819 Warthe Vinit et al. Perspective on newborn abandonment in relation to gender: A single centre report
3. Of all babies 2 had injuries and 2 had congenital anomaly.
During hospital stay none of babies were claimed by parent or
relatives. Offences registered under PCPNDT act were 3 in
year 2011, 8 in year 2012, 2 in 2013 and none in year 2014.
Image 1. Graphical presentation of abandoned child according to
year and gender of rescued
DISCUSSION
In last 12 years i.e. from 2003 to 2014 in total 69 babies were
abandoned so in average 5 to 6 babies are abandoned in
calendar year. Before the Active implementation of PCPNDT
act there was more male than female. These findings are
similar to findings in UK (Sherr et al., 2009). But after active
implementation there were more female child was observed.
Probably due to previous to PCPNDT, sex determination was
easy for female child and after it female foeticide or abortion
happens. After active PCPNDT implementation due strict law
enforcement about sex determination, there was no sex
determination happens and these unwanted girl child were
born. There girl child become abandoned child however apart
from this cause other causes can be like child born out of
wedding wedlock, illegitimate child, poverty etc other
suggested common cause of abandonment. However there is
improving trend of sex ratio in Maharashtra as well as India.
But abandoned female child can be a disadvantage by-product
of the PCPNDT act. In present study this difference was found
statistically significant.
To drawn a conclusion from this finding this demand a large
scale study. Out 69 abandoned child, two babies were having
injuries, the male baby who had multiple injuries expired and
the other one, female baby with fracture femur survived. The
first babies with multiple injuries may due to attempt to do
infanticide and injury to second baby may due to birth injury
as most of this deliveries are conducted in secret by untrained
attendant. Apart from this the two babies had congenital
anomalies one male and other female both survived. Out of 69
abandoned Childs, only 2.9% (2) infants were having
congenital anomaly so congenital deformity seems not to be a
main cause of abandonment in India. When abandoned babies
were tested for their HIV status none of found to be HIV
positive, so HIV positivity not seemed a cause for
abandonment as seen in few other studies (Freundlich, 2002).
The area from which babies are found is concern almost equal
numbers babies are found in urban and rural area i.e. 34 from
urban and 35 in rural areas. This negligible difference in sex
ratio in rural urban areas is as per global trends (Guilmoto,
2012). Survival rate of infants were better in those, who have
age more than 1 week. Difference between survival and age of
abandoned child is found to be statistically highly significant.
It was observed that Out of 32 male babies total 23 survived
and 09 babies expired and out of 37 female babies 30 survived
and 07 babies expired. Difference between survival and gender
of abandoned child is found to be statistically not significant.
Out of 69 babies 35 (46.3%) are male and 37 (53.6%) are
females. Though over the total period of 12 years the
difference in abandoning male and female babies in not
obvious. There is definitely universal cultural reason in the
India for sex selection, as there is elsewhere in the world
(Chan et al., 2002), to abandon one gender more than the
other. There may be a biological predisposition, mood (Murray
et al., 1996 and Sinclair and Murray, 1998) or cultural bias to
favour girls (Grace et al., 2003). However, explanations are
complex. Any explanation that includes intention may be at
matched with the spontaneity of the action.
Conclusion
During years 2010-2014, we assume that there was no gender
selection was carried out unlawfully thus no female foeticide
happened. It becomes obvious that when the choice of sex
selection before birth is not available, then societies is forced
to get rid of females by abandoning them as one of the options.
Though gender selection in any form is to be discouraged. The
findings of abandoning more females should be investigated
further to uncover possible reasons for the bias. It may be that
the gender of the new-born might favour abandonment, or
simply reflect a chance finding.
REFERENCES
Chan, C. L. W., Yip, P. S. F., Ng, E. H. Y., Ho, P. C., Chan, C.
H. Y. and Au, J. S. K. 2002. Gender selection in china: its
meanings and implications. Journal of Assisted
Reproduction and Genetics, 19, 426–430.
Coovadia, H. M. and Broughton, M. H. 1990. The cost and
fate of abandoned black children. South African Medical
Journal, 77, 484–485.
Coovadia, H. M. and Broughton, M. H. 1990. The cost and
fate of abandoned black children. South African Medical
Journal, 77, 484–485.
Table 4. Distribution of abandon babies according to gender,
congenital anomaly, and action under PCPNDT act
Year No.
Gender Babies with
Anomaly/ Injuries*
Action under
PCPNDT actM F
2003 02 02 00 01* 00
2004 08 03 05 00 00
2005 06 04 02 01 00
2006 04 03 01 00 00
2007 06 04 02 01 00
2008 07 04 03 00 00
2009 07 02 05 01* 00
2010 03 02 01 00 00
Total 43 24 19 04 00
2011 02 01 01 00 03
2012 10 04 06 00 08
2013 06 02 04 00 02
2014 08 01 07 00 00
Total 26 08 18 04
Grand
Total
69 32 37 04 13
*Injury
820 International Journal of Information Research and Review Vol. 2, Issue, 06, pp. 818-821, June, 2015
4. Data from 2003 to 2014, Records of PCPNDT act from Civil
Surgeon Office, Government District Hospital Akola.
Maharashtra (India), accessed on march, 2015.
Freundlich, M. 2002. Adoption research: an assessment of
empirical contributions to the advancement of adoption
practice. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 11,
143–166.
Freundlich, M. 2002. Adoption research: an assessment of
empirical contributions to the advancement of adoption
practice. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 11,
143–166.
Friedman, S. H., Horwitz, S. M. and Resnick, P. J. 2005. Child
murder by mothers: a critical analysis of the current state of
knowledge and a research agenda. The American Journal
of Psychiatry, 162, 1578–1587.
Government of India, 2003. Annual report of the Pre
conception and Prenatal Diagnostic techniques ( Promotion
of Sex selection) Act New Delhi: PNDT division, Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
Grace, S. L., Evindar, A. and Stewart, D. E. 2003. The effect
of postpartum depression on child cognitive development
and behavior: a review and critical analysis of the
literature. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 6, 263–
274.
Green, E. C. 1999. Infanticide and infant abandonment in the
new South: Richmond, Virginia, 1865–1915. Journal of
Family History, 24, 187–211.
Gu, B. and Roy, K. 1995. Sex ratio at birth in China, with
reference to other areas in East Asia: what we know. Asia-
Pacific Population Journal, 10, 17–42.
Guilmoto, 2012. Christophe. Sex Imbalances at Birth: Current
Trends, Consequences and Policy Implications. Bangkok,
Thailand: UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office.
p72.
Hillis, S. D., Rakhmanova, A., Vinogradova, E., Voronin, E.,
Yakovlev, A., Khaldeeva, N., Akatova, N., Samarskaya,
M., Volkova, G., Kissin, D., Jamieson, D. J., Glynn, M. K.,
Robinson, J. and Miller, W. C. 2007. Rapid HIV testing,
pregnancy, antiretroviral prophylaxis and infant
abandonment in St Petersburg. International Journal of
STD and AIDS, 18, 120– 122.
Ionescu, C. 2005. Romania’s abandoned children are still
suffering. Lancet, 366, 1595–1596.
Jha, P. and Laximinarayan, R. 2009. Choosing Health: an
entiltlement for all Indians. Toronto, ON: Centre for Global
Health Research.
Jha, P., Kesler, M.A., Kumar, R. et al. 2011. Trends in
selective abortion of female foetuses in India: analysis of
nationally representative birth histories from 1990–2005
and census data from 1991–2011. Lancet., 377(9781):
1921-1928.
Karlekar, M. 1995. The Girl Child in India: Does she have any
rights? Canadian Women Studies.
Murray, L., Fiori-Cowley, A., Hooper, R. and Cooper, P.
1996. The impact of postnatal depression and associated
adversity on early mother-infant interactions and later
infant outcome. Child Development, 67, 2512–2526.
Rouge-Maillart, C., Jousset, N., Gaudin, A., Bouju, B. and
Penneau, M. 2005. Women who kill their children. The
American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
26, 320–326.
Saunders, E. 1989. Neonaticides following ‘secret’
pregnancies: seven case reports. Public Health Reports,
104, 368–372.
Sherr, L., Mueller, J. and Fox, Z. 2009. Abandoned babies in
the UK - a review utilizing media reports. Child Care
Health and Development. 35(3):419-30
Sinclair, D. and Murray, L. 1998. Effects of postnatal
depression on children’s adjustment to school: teacher’s
reports. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 58–63.
Wilson, S. L. 2004. A current review of adoption research:
exploring individual differences in adjustment. Children
and youth services review, 26, 687–696.
*******
821 Warthe Vinit et al. Perspective on newborn abandonment in relation to gender: A single centre report