This document provides details about Arian Mohamadi's personal project on creating a miniature hydroelectric power plant. The goals of the project are to spread awareness about hydroelectric power and encourage sustainable energy use. Arian will create a 3,800 word report and miniature model to demonstrate how hydroelectric power plants work. The project aligns with the global context of scientific and technical innovation. Arian developed guiding questions to stay on track to perfectly model the power plant and communicate findings effectively. Specifications for the miniature include an external power source to rotate the turbine, LED lights, and dual sockets to power the lights.

1. Personal Project Cover Sheet
Student Name Arian Mohamadi
Student number
School Name Fairview International School
School Number
Supervisor Name Mr. Marlon Uson
Title of the project:
Multi functioning miniature of Hydroelectric power plant.
Goal of the project:
The goal of this project is to spread awareness to as many people as possible, regarding one of the
most sustainable methods of electricity generation and science behind, hydroelectric power plants.
Furthermore, the project aims to encourage them to use electricity more wisely, and assist
students around the world with the knowledge of hydroelectric power plant.
Length (word count and/or presentation time):
3800 words
Included when submitting the project
A completed academic honesty form
Process journal extracts
Any supporting visual aids used during the presentation, if applicable
Bibliography/sources

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HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
Report
Produced by: Arian Mohamadi
Word Count: 3800
Supervisor: Mr. Marlon Uson
Date: 2014-15

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Table of Contents
Personal Project Cover Sheet..................................................................................................................0
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3
Investigating............................................................................................................................................3
The Goal .................................................................................................................................................3
Linking the project to the Global Context ..............................................................................................4
Guiding questions ...................................................................................................................................4
Product specifications.............................................................................................................................4
Selection of sources ................................................................................................................................5
Application of information .....................................................................................................................6
Evaluation of hydroelectric power plant:................................................................................................7
Creating the miniature: ...........................................................................................................................7
Developing the miniature........................................................................................................................7
Achieving the goal..................................................................................................................................7
Reflection on learning.............................................................................................................................8
Work Cited............................................................................................................................................10
Website and article............................................................................................................................10
Books, Reports and Journals.............................................................................................................11
Videos and documentaries ................................................................................................................11
Appendix...............................................................................................................................................13
Appendix A: Gantt chart...................................................................................................................13
Appendix B: progression of miniature from first step to the end. ....................................................14
Appendix C: Materials used for miniature’s creation.......................................................................19
Appendix D: Exciter motor...............................................................................................................19
Appendix E: Sources used for miniature’s creation..........................................................................21

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Introduction
Hydropower is the most proven, efficient, and reliable source of electricity based on more than
a 100 years of experience. (iea, 2010). Upgrades and renovation can readily extend lifetime of
plants which contribute to the low cost of electricity from hydropower. Therefore, making it a
competitive source of renewable electricity. Hydropower has become "the leading source of
renewable energy since it’s providing more than 97% of all electricity generated by renewable
sources worldwide and has risen steady by an average of 3% annually over the past 4 decades.
(Alternative Energy, 2014). Other sources includes solar, geothermal, wind, and biomass
account for less than 3%. Hydroelectric power is the energy derived from flowing water (ipoc,
2009). This can be from rivers or from man-made installations, where water flows from a high-
level reservoir down through a tunnel and away from the dam. Turbines extract its kinetic
energy causing it to rotate at high speed and resulting the generator to convert the mechanical
energy into electrical energy. (M.Reza Mohamadi, 2014). The amount of hydroelectric power
generated depends on the water flow and the vertical distance, “head” the water falls through.
Hydropower is currently the most common form of renewable energy worldwide, and is
produced 3 288 TWh, over 16% of global electricity production in 2008. (International Energy
Agency, 2014)
My aim for the personal project from the very start was to create something which would not
only benefit other people’s knowledge and awareness but also my experience and result
positive attribute in my future life and career. Today numerous people globally aren’t aware of
all the methods which electricity that they are using in their lives is generated.
I was exposed in the fields of engineering from an early age because of my father’s influence.
As an engineer, he explained what basics and uses of mechanics. As a result, I gradually started
to develop an interest in the field of engineering and today I consider it my future occupation.
Living, I faced numerous cases where many people weren’t aware about the science behind
electricity generation using renewable resource which they are currently using. Therefore, after
a long process of research, I decided to base the project’s objective on providing awareness
about hydroelectric power plant for people to not only improve the knowledge but also to
increase my knowledge and ability to research independently. I was convinced that having my
father’s knowledge and experience, and also my passion towards the project, I was well suited.
Investigating
The Goal
The goal of my project is to assist people globally to obtain knowledge and information about
one of the greenest methods of electricity generation by creating a miniature to raise awareness
about hydroelectric power plant. The miniature will exhibit how electricity is generated through
flow of water, how does a hydroelectric power plant functions, what benefits is it providing
globally and how is that contributing to the global electricity generation.

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Linking the project to the Global Context
The global context that my miniature reflects is “scientific and technical innovation”. It targets
to teach and inform people about the importance and function of hydroelectric power plant.
This will absolutely help them live a more aware and educated life. Through the investigation
of hydroelectric power plant with Francis turbine and presenting my findings in the form of
miniature, I can understand the vitality of “scientific and technical innovation” and learn to be
responsible and grateful to green energy.
Guiding questions
In order to have a reference to help me stay on track of my goal, I developed guiding questions
of three. They will force me to ask from myself regularly and refer throughout the project’s
progression.
1. Why and how am I going to model, the hydroelectric power plant miniature perfectly
in such way that would explain and demonstrate how electricity is being generated?
2. How can I edit my miniature better in order to express my findings and investigation in
a way that would communicate effectively with the viewers?
3. How can the audience grasp a better understanding about hydroelectric power plant,
it’s method of functioning and its importance on the global scale?
Product specifications
After watching few videos and documentaries on YouTube (Learn Engineering, MidAmerican
EnergyCo and U.S. Department of Energy) I managed to point out few common features that
all of them included such demonstration of the actual power plant and interviews with people
who had relevant information about the video’s title. I found the idea of miniature creation
tremendously enhance the method of information conveyance since it’s giving the ability to
audience to receive information through my presentation and having the opportunity to observe
the miniature, functioning the same way as the hydroelectric power plant. As I discovered such
features, I decided to form the miniature on those features and also put certain specification on
the product.
 External source of power- AC motor to cause rotation of turbine, it’s rotated by
plugging the cable into an AC socket and by pressing the ON button located on top of
the miniature.
 LED lights- To enlighten the inner body of the miniature when battery or adapter is
connected to its appropriate sockets.
 Dual sockets- designed for switching ON the lights. (One through battery and another
adapter).
In order to ensure that the project’s goals is within the boundaries of the project’s expectations,
I came up with a set of specifications which should be met.
 Be created and assembled, by myself
 Be as accurate and similar to the actual hydroelectric power plant (up to 70%), so that
it would look like the scaled down of a real power plant
 Be capable of exhibiting how water flow is causing electricity generation (AC motor
causes the turbine rotation trough AC power)

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 Total materials that couldn’t be made and had to be bought for creating the miniature
cost around USD 200.
The progression of product from beginning to the end is illustrated in [appendix B].
Selection of sources
I officially began my independent research on 25th April 2014, after I received approval from
my supervisor. I had one month until my investigation about hydroelectric power plant,
hydropower, and other types of power plants hence, it was crucial for me to familiarize myself
with the concept of hydroelectric power plant and blue print reading in order to be able to create
its miniature and carry out an effective investigation. Ergo, the primary thing which I
researched was the idea of hydro power and hydroelectric power plants. As my father
recommended, I used Andritz Hydro’s Blue prints as my main reference for creation of the
miniature and used other online sources such as “Learn Engineering”,
“MidAmericanEnergyCo” and “U.S.Departement of energy to increase the genuineness of
information. Andritz Hydro is a global supplier of electro-mechanical systems and services
(“water to wire“) for hydropower plants and one of the leaders in the world market for hydraulic
power generation. As a result of my trip to Austria, I saw Andritz Hydro Company I
interviewed many experienced engineers about my project. They agreed to supply me with
their blue prints for hydroelectric power plant each specified to a section of power plant. The
blue prints were completely recent and updated and it was their work which they are currently
doing in Ulu Jelai, Malaysia, meaning the possibility of any errors or wrong information is
lowered significantly. Hence, it can be concluded that the blue prints are a very reliable and
valid source of information. Although the content was for engineers and not my level, with the
help of my father, videos and manuals from reliable sources such as Learn Engineering and
Constrictionknowledge.net I managed to hold a clear understanding of hydroelectric power
plants, blue print reading and hydro power. In the next step of my investigation, I specified my
research further and researched about different sections of the power plant, how do they
function, the amount of electricity generated by hydroelectric power plants and the materials
which I would be needing to create the miniature.
I got access to SMEC incorporated blueprints about hydroelectric power plants. Amongst both,
Andritz Hydro’s blue prints really helped my understanding about hydroelectric power plants
in the context of my project. Dr. Peter Grafenberger has worked as a CFD engineer in industry.
In 2002 he joined VA TECH Hydro. His professional interest is in the field of turbine runner
development and model tests. He is head of RD and the hydraulic laboratory in Linz. Andritz
Hydro GmbH, Linz, Austria. He was also one of the experts whom I interviewed, and asked to
review my project and give me feedback on. This ensures the reliability of the information
which I received from him. My field activity and investigation began on 4th of July with my
first visit to Andritz Hydro in Vienna where I observed a live pressure test and interviewed Dr.
Peter Grafenberger, the Head of RD, the hydraulic laboratory in Linz and Mr. Reza who is
senior mechanical and an active member of the ongoing project. During the interview, he gave
me information about the background of Andritz Hydro, how does hydroelectric power plant
function. He also talked me to the research which was conducted in regard to cavitation (the
rapid formation and collapse of vapour pockets in a flowing liquid in regions of very low
pressure, a frequent cause of structural damage to propellers, pumps, etc.) its importance and
results that it has caused on runner blades.
I feel that the content of what he said greatly guided me through the investigation progression;
however it did not directly answer my guiding questions that I proposed at the start of my

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research. To enlighten me about runner’s reaction to cavitation he showed this by simulator in
the laboratory. I feel that the content of what he explained to me guided me though my
investigation progression significantly; however it didn’t directly respond the guiding
questions which I proposed at the start of my research.
To obtain information regarding hydroelectric power plants function and answer to my guiding
questions, I proposed an interview with different engineers each with different professions who
has worked over 20 years in various countries with power plants. Being inspired by Dr.
Grafenberger, I visited Mr. Bahmani and asked for ideas for creation of my miniature’s runner.
I got very vast range of ideas and information about runner and methods of using used
materials. To be able to possess the knowledge of reading blue prints I asked my father whom
I asked after finalizing my topic. He is mechanical engineer with over 20 years of experience
to teach me. The engineers whom I interviewed such as Dr. Grafenberger, Mr. Reza, Mr.
Bahmani, were specialist therefore there seems to be no chance of faultiness in the information
they provided. To personally experience how to read blue prints, I watched online tutorials to
gain a brighter image about it. The information which my father and the videos provided helped
me to understand different terminologies, and figures mean and how am I supposed to use it to
build the miniature which opened my mind to a new perspective. By the end of July, managed
to finish creating the body, runner and shaft of the miniature, I had to learn come up with a
solution on making the generator, upper brackets, guide bearing, hydraulic cylinder and etc.
However, the material used should be eco-friendly therefore, I needed to shape used and unused
objects into my wants. Ergo, I developed skills and learnt how to use materials around me
effectively in order to create my miniature in a way which it would convey the information
intended for audience. As a consequence I set up meetings with experts and my supervisor to
receive feedback with my ongoing project. To create the generator I used yogurts container,
divided it into half, cut red cloth hanger evenly and bond it to the container giving it the
appearance of generator. I watched a video about hydroelectric power plant and its function
which taught me the basic principles of the power plant. I found these two sources the most
effective, because they contained illustration and explanations were aimed for regular and
engineering students. Creating the miniature turned out to be harder than I expected however I
found making use of used materials and forming my want moderately challenging since I had
the knowledge and experience of art. Overall, I am satisfied and confident with the selected
sources because I considered the relevance of the sources to my guiding question and their
validity before I use the provided information. More importantly, I checked all the information
which I collected with other resources to obtain an unbiased perspective and check
information’s precision.
Application of information
Finding answers to guiding questions:
According to the interviews conducted with Dr. Grafenberger, Mr. Bahmani and Mr. Reza, I
believe that I obtained adequate information and knowledge to address carefully the first and
second guiding questions. Mr. Reza and Mr. Bahmani were both experienced engineers who
gave me information about hydroelectric power plant and, how it affects world’s energy
production. Dr. Grafenberger who’s Head of RD Linz and his professional interest is in field
of turbine runner development and model tests provided me with information regarding various
types of turbines, and how does hydroelectric power plant function. Also the interviews that I
conducted with people including engineering students about their awareness and hydroelectric
power plant about the presence of miniature to their learning allowed me to emphasize their
needs on the miniature.

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Evaluation of hydroelectric power plant:
I used the information that I received from interviews, conversations, books, and internet
towards the project’s success. Through the use of mathematics for the scaling down process
and physics for laws behind power plant. I finally presented the final product in miniature form.
Creating the miniature:
Overall, from 5th July up to 30, I made about 10% of the miniature using different materials in
25 days of working. Making the specific sections of the miniature was the most interesting part
of the project for me since I earned the chance to visit, search and make use of unused and used
materials. The first part of working towards the miniature, runner, shaft and the body creation
was done in Tehran. I used 123 glue to hold the runner blades to its head. I wasn’t satisfied
with its quality therefore, when I went back to KL I used hot melt glue to fix the problem. For
some of miniature’s section I used different type of glues and materials that I needed to
purchase. However for other sections I had the chance not to purchase and instead use my
creativity to create them. For instance, to rotate the turbine I chose to use AC motor which
needs to be bought following all the other requirements meaning wire, cables, switch and so
on. Interestingly, majority of the materials which I used to wasn’t mine, I used my
interdependence with the people in the community to help me create something which would
help and benefit the world.
Developing the miniature
I went through the materials and pictures that I picked during the two weeks of field
investigation and selected useful materials which I wanted to use for the end product based on
speciation which I set at project’s start. I also needed to provide the miniature with frontal and
side transparent glasses. I got the glasses from “Jotun” a Norwegian chemicals company
dealing mainly with paints and coatings present more than 90 countries globally. Next step, I
read about circuit making online and also asked my father to teach me. The reason behind my
decision was to be able to connect all the circuit components at top the miniature together so
that when turbine is switched on, the Red light and the turbine will be turned on without any
hazardous and failures happening. I feel that the circuit is genuine because it is a result of my
understanding on the topic, decisions and more importantly it has direct link to my physics
book therefore, I did have background knowledge about it. [See appendix D]
Achieving the goal
I am satisfied with the project’s outcome and believe that it’s effective in terms of providing
people with awareness, education about hydroelectric power plant’s function and green energy.
My goal was to increase awareness, knowledge of people globally in regard to green energy
generation through creating a miniature of hydroelectric power plant which would
communicate effectively to the viewers with my information’s help. After coordinating with
my supervisor I have addressed all specifications successfully in the miniature. Although I
managed to exceed my expectations, there is always methods to improve. Overall, regardless
of errors and inadequacies, I think I have conveyed the message which I wanted to. One of the
major problems which I faced during the process of miniature creation was when I realized that
miniature’s body was not appropriate to be used as the final body because of its mass and also
it’s blocking sides which prevents audience to have side view. To overcome those problems, I
measured miniature’s side measurements and then ordered a new set of wood however instead
of parquets, wood board was used. To overcome the blocking side view problem I ordered and
bought strong transparent plastic which has the same appearance of glass separately and then
bond it to miniature’s side. Although it was challenging, time consuming action to take, and

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needed high precision, I managed to do it with the help of online tutorials and my arts
experience. I think my solution was the most optimum choice, it helped me achieve the most
appealing appearance of the miniature and prevented unreasonable spending of money on a
whole set of expensive ordered glass or metal as the body. If I will be given the chance to redo
the project, I will defiantly plan earlier for the interviews and future meetings, because then I
would be free from constraint when doing it. I would also set the final goal to actually present
to people globally through recording a video of me presenting it, uploaded on YouTube for
people to have access.
In conclusion, personal project has been a success and I defiantly consider it one of the
unforgettable experiences I had in my life. Fortunately, I followed my plan exactly regardless
shortage of time and managed to finish the project around 5 weeks before the deadline. I believe
factors which significantly helped me to produce an effective miniature was my passion, and
my interdependence with community members. The only major defect in the project is that I
didn’t publically present the miniature through video; however I will be doing that after the
exhibition and hopefully will benefit not only engineering students and science enthusiasts but
also everyone globally.
Reflection on learning
This project was a significant experience for me and has brought me the determination about
my future occupation. I am proud of the efforts that I put in, so that everyone globally can have
a better future. By doing so, we can ensure that the coming generations, will live a quality of
life. My product is very advanced and has received numerous positive feedbacks, indicating
that it influences the audience. Numerous people were amazed by the professionalism of the
miniature, and mentioned it’s a very high quality work. They also mentioned that it produces
noise while turbine is rotating, nevertheless, the overall quality was brilliant. Hopefully, my
product will follow to cause impact on humans, hence, increasing people’s knowledge. My
product has turned organised and has completely met design specifications. Although, the time
taken for the miniature to be finished took more than expected. Miniature’s creation helped me
tremendously to improve skills and qualities in me. I learnt about science behind hydroelectric
power plant in details. I observed live cavitation testing in “turbine model test lab”, interviewed
numerous experts and professionals and did online research to truly obtain a deeper
understanding on hydroelectric power plant. During project’s course, I strengthened myself as
an IB student, and significantly increased my skills. One of the things which I improved
through doing this project was creativity, organization and time management. I successfully
made different forms of timelines for instance, Gantt charts in order to know the list of
objectives which I am supposed to do in project’s each stage. I learnt to assign adequate time
for each individual stage and in some cases leave extra time to prevent damage from unknown
circumstances. I made appointment with Engineers in Austria, Iran and Malaysia in Malaysia
one month in advance and I successfully met them on the correct date. It helped me to prove
myself that I have the potential and capability of being responsible for task and plan following.
I noticeably bettered my thinking and inquiry skills. Research was an important section of my
project. It helped me to grasp a better understanding about hydroelectric power plant concept
and blue print reading. Through research, I gained the ability to accomplish my goal, propose
new ideas to better miniature’s quality and comprehend new concepts. I learnt to research more
widely and analyse methodically and evaluate the information through referring to valid and
reliable sources. I also learnt to select right resource through checking their background history.
Researching taught me to think and research more in order to ensure about information’s
reliability and not accept everything I hear. The project taught me most effective
communicating methods through using used and unused materials. It was my first time doing

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such heavy task through making different sections of power plant by used materials. Obtaining
help from different professionals, it became easier to make the miniature; however it
consistently tested my patience since it took long time to add the extra and final features of the
miniature. Using various sources of materials taught me their vitality such as Aluminium foil
end up being formed into runner blades and power plant’s cooler. Making decision was another
quality which I improved during project’s process. For instance, I made decision from the very
start to the end of the project. I also learned to accept things when I don’t have other choice.
The most difficult part of decision making was connecting the AC motor to circuit’s
components which causes rotation of turbine. Also, selecting the correct place for applying the
inner lights of the miniature. I looked over the entire miniature in dark with its lights on to find
the most optimum place for placing the lights. Overall, my decision, findings, interactions and
influencing factors allowed me to increase my knowledge about the global context. Spending
3 years in IB, I developed ATL skills, but doing this challenged me to apply them and
strengthen them. My research skills were crucial through the process of my success, they
helped in efficient completion. It is vital to use reliable sources in research however, self-
management skills were strengthened the most. Being exposed to Global context; I managed
to challenge myself and increase my IB learner profiles qualities to cause a change for good of
people globally. Through, keeping project’s initial goal in mind and asking myself the guiding
questions by myself, I managed to learn to be careful for people globally. Through creation of
this miniature, I simplified the concept of hydroelectric power plant for people to provided
public awareness and more importantly help them to live a more educated life. At last finished
the project, I now consider engineering as my future occupation and see the potential in me to
be a true engineer. I am definitely certain that these qualities and skills will help me in future.

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Work Cited
Website and article
"ANDRITZ HYDRO – a Leading Supplier for Hydraulic Power Generation." HYDRO.
ANDRITZ. Web. 3 Feb. 2015. http://www.andritz.com/hydro.htm
"Disadvantages Of Hydro Power." ConserveEnergyFuture. ConserveEnergyFuture, 20 Jan.
2013. Web. 3 Feb. 2015. <http://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/Disadvantages_HydroPower.php>.
"Electricity Production from Hydroelectric Sources (% of Total)." Electricity Production
from Hydroelectric Sources (% of Total). TheWorldBankGroup. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
<http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS>.
"Energy.gov." History of Hydropower. U.S.Department Of Energy. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
<http://energy.gov/eere/water/history-hydropower>.
"Energy.gov." Types of Hydropower Turbines. U.S. Department Of Energy. Web. 3 Feb.
2015. <http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-turbines>.
"Hydropower." - Hydroelectric Power. RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 2 Feb. 2015. Web. 3
Feb. 2015. <http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/hydropower>.
"Hydropower Facts, Hydropower Information- National Geographic." National Geographic.
National Geographic. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
<http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-
warming/hydropower-profile/>.
"How Does Francis Turbine Work ?" ~ Learn Engineering. Learn Engineering, 1 Jan. 2013.
Web. 3 Feb. 2015. <http://www.learnengineering.org/2014/01/how-does-francis-
turbine-work.html>.
"Lecture 28." Fluid Machinary. Mechanical Engineering, 2014. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
<http%3A%2F%2Fnptel.iitk.ac.in%2Fcourses%2FWebcourse-contents%2FIIT-
KANPUR%2Fmachine%2Fui%2FCourse_home-lec28.htm>.
Moller, Hayley. "Data Highlights." Highlights. Earth Policy Institute, 4 June 2012. Web. 3
Feb. 2015. http://www.earth-policy.org/data_highlights/2012/highlights29
"Definition of Hydroelectric in English:." Hydroelectric. Oxford Dictionaries, 2015. Web. 05
Feb. 2015. <http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hydroelectric>.
Perlman, Howard. "Hydroelectric Power Water Use." Hydroelectric Power and Water. Basic
Information about Hydroelectricity, USGS Water Science for Schools. UCGS Science
of a Changing World, 17 Mar. 2014. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
<http://water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html>.

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"The Future of Energy." Hydropower Resources -. The Future of Energy, 15 Dec. 2010. Web.
3 Feb. 2015. <http://energyfuture.wikidot.com/hydropower-resources>.
"Use and Capacity of Global Hydropower Increases." Use and Capacity of Global
Hydropower Increases. Worldwatch Institude, 2 Feb. 2015. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.worldwatch.org/use-and-capacity-global-hydropower-increases-0>.
Books, Reports and Journals
ANDRITZ Hydro. Research and Development. Vienna: ANDRITZ Hydro, 2014. Print.
In Cooperation With The Hydro Equipment Association (Hea) And With. "Hydropower for a
Sustainable Europe." Hydropower for a Sustainable Europe (2013): 1-15. Eurelectric.
HydroequipementAssociation, Feb. 2013. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.eurelectric.org/media/75067/fact_sheet-hydropower-web-2013-160-
0002-01-e.pdf>.
Kurosawa, S., S. M. Lim, and Y. Enomoto. Virtual Model Test for a Francis Turbine. Tech.
no. 10.1088/1755-1315/12/1/012063. N.p.: IOP Science, 2014. Print. 25th IAHR
Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems.
Kumar, Arun, Tormod Schei, Alfred Ahenkorah, Rodolfo Caceres Rodriguez, Jean-Michel
Devernay, Marcos Freitas, Douglas Hall, Ånund Killingtveit, and Zhiyu
Liu. Hydropower. Rep. no. 5. Ed. Cristobal Diaz Morejon and Thelma Krug. Vol. 5.
NewYork: Cambridge UP, 2014. Print.
Shukla, Manoj Kumar, Vishnu Prasad, Prof, Rajeev Jain, and S.N Shukla. CFD Analysis of
3-D Flow for Francis Turbine. Tech. no. 2230-7699. Vol. 1. N.p.: MIT International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2011. Print.
Sheldon, L.H. Field Testing and Optimizing Efficiency for Hydro Turbines. Tech. no. 83401.
Idahi Falls: WaterPower&DamConstrusction, 1982. Print.
Videos and documentaries
"Energy 101: Hydropower." YouTube. U.S. Department Of Energy, 19 Apr. 2013. Web. 02
Feb. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpigNNTQix8>.
Griswold, Ketner. "Amazing Hydro-Electric Power Collector." YouTube. The Circuit
Presented by the U.S. Air Force, 21 Apr. 2009. Web. 02 Feb. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1fXAdODGvA>.
"How Does an Alternator Work ?" YouTube. Learn Engineering, 28 Feb. 2014. Web. 02 Feb.
2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiKH48EMgKE>.
"Hydro Electric Power Plant Full 3d Animation." YouTube. Rakesh S, 16 Mar. 2014. Web.
02 Feb. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMh4s3UKPxU>.

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"Hydro Power Generation and Sustainable Supply." YouTube. Powering Ahead, 5 Sept.
2011. Web. 02 Feb. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYJRRpJDE14>.
"How Hydroelectricity Works." YouTube. Robert Woodman, 28 Sept. 2008. Web. 02 Feb.
2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnPEtwQtmGQ>.
"Hydroelectric Dams." Vimeo. U.S. Department Of Energy, 15 Apr. 2014. Web. 02 Feb.
2015. <http://vimeo.com/88929980>.
"The Fabrication and Assembly of an 8.5MW Francis Turbine at Ebco Industries." YouTube.
Ebcolndustries, 19 Aug. 2013. Web. 02 Feb. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPLBtqUJj-w>.

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Appendix
Appendix A: Gantt chart
3-Oct-13 22-Nov-1311-Jan-14 2-Mar-1421-Apr-1410-Jun-14 30-Jul-14 18-Sep-147-Nov-1427-Dec-1415-Feb-15
Deciding on the topic
Proposing and reciveing approval
Online research
evaluation sources
SMART specifications
Design specifications
Making appointments for interview
Creating interview questions
Obtaining equipment
Condct primary research
Creation of the minature
Writing the final report
Process journal
Personal Project Gantt Chart
Start Date Duration (days)
Description Start Date Duration (days) End Date
Deciding on the topic 2-Apr-14 25 27-Apr-14
Proposing and receiving approval 26-Apr-14 10 6-May-14
Online research 23-Jun-14 49 11-Aug-14
evaluation sources 6-Aug-14 5 11-Aug-14
SMART specifications 11-Aug-14 10 21-Aug-14
Design specifications 20-Aug-14 5 25-Aug-14
Making appointments for interview 20-Aug-14 10 30-Aug-14
Creating interview questions 20-Aug-14 10 30-Aug-14
Obtaining equipment 7-Jul-14 80 25-Sep-14
Conduct primary research 3-Oct-14 8 11-Oct-14
Creation of the miniature 10-Jul-14 123 10-Nov-14
Writing the final report 16-Jul-14 127 20-Nov-14
Process journal 6-Apr-14 284 15-Jan-15

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Appendix B: progression of miniature from first step to the end.

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Appendix C: Materials used for miniature’s creation
Appendix D: Exciter motor
Upper view of exciter motor after
being fixed

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Wiring circuit of power supply to
AC motor

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Appendix E: Sources used for miniature’s creation
Turbine Generator cross
section arrangement

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Turbine 3D view

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Hydroelectric power
station model