mukesh singh student bsc hons physics

1. A Thesis
On
Sound Energy Converted in Electrical Energy
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the
Requirement for the award of the degree
Of
Bachelor of Science (PHYSICS)
By
MUKESH SINGH
IN
Department of Physics
School Of Basic Sciences
Arni University
Kathgarh (Himachal Pradesh)
June 2017
SUPERVISIOR: SUBMITTED BY:
Miss.Neelam Sharma Mukesh Singh

2. Certificate
This is to certify that thesis ‘Converted Sound Energy in Electrical Energy’ submitted
by Mukesh Singh of
Bsc (Physics), Arni University Kathgarh (HP) was carried out by her under the
supervision of
He has not submitted this material credit towards any other degree at any university.
Place: Indora Signature of the Supervisor
Date: with designation

3. Department Of Physics
Arni School of Basic Sciences
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Piece of work would have not been accomplished without the
blessing and power given to me by Almighty and people behind for
inspiring, guiding and accompanying me.
Furthermost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to y
esteemed and worthy supervisor Miss.Neelam Sharma for his support ,
motivation and giving immense knowledge in my thesis work.
I would also thank Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Mr.Dinesh Chand and my friends
for carrying out experimental help during the project.
Last but not the least; I would like to extend my heartiest gratitude to my
parents, my brother Abhijeet Singh. My Project would not have been
daylight without their immense cooperation and mortal support.

4. Declaration
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the thesis
entitled ‘Convert sound energy into electrical energy’ in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor Of Physics
and submitted in the department of Physics, Arni University Kathgarh
(HP) is an authentic record of my own work carried under the supervision
of Miss.Neelam Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of Physics,
Arni University Kathgarh (HP).
This model presented in the thesis has not been submitted by me for the
award of any other degree of this or any other institute.
Mukesh Singh
Contents
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.0 Introduction

5. 1.1 Brief Overview of Pollution.
1.2 Main cause of Electricity.
1.3 Production of Pollution.
1.4 Imagine Life Without Electricity
1.5 Aim Convert Sound Energy Into Electrical
Energy
1.6 Practically How It Would is achieved.
1.7 Piezoelectric Material.
1.8 Piezoelectric Material and Three Properties
1.9 It’s Scope.
1.10 Conclusion / Methods
1.11 Demerits.
1.12 References.
Abstract:

6. This paper explores a relatively less popular source of clean energy. Noise
(sound) energy can be converted into viable source of electric power by
using a suitable transducer. This can be done by using a transducer by
converting vibrations caused by noise into electrical energy. An
application is proposed for the same, in which a speaker and a transformer
are used to convert noise produced by car horn into electrical energy. The
vibrations created by noise can be converted into electrical energy through
the principle of electromagnetic induction. The received signal was
stepped up using a transformer. A similar setup was placed at distance of 1
meter from the exhaust pipe of a 350 cubic centimeter engine of a
motorbike. The demonstrated ideas probe into a clean and readily available
source of energy.

7. Introduction
We all know everywhere there is huge scarcity of energy and for running most of our appliances
and to carry out daily work we need electricity. It’s really very difficult to imagine our life without
electricity, our life
Would really stop so there is high need, to produce electricity at faster rate and find some other
feasible method to produce electric Energy On the other hand we see that in this modern world
there is lot of noise pollution in roads, airports, industries...Just thinks if we would be able to
convert this NOISE
POLLUTION TO ELECTRIC ENERGY....???
Yes this could be made possible let’s see how Scientific explanation:- sound is a mechanical form
of energy which travel in the form of wave, mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure this
pressure created by the sound could be used to convert it into electric energy or other form of
energy. Also according to law of thermodynamics mechanical energy could be converted into
electricity. Piezo material converts mechanical strain into electric energy this property of piezo
material could be used to make a device which would be able to sustainably convert the sound
energy to electric energy as piezomaterial convert sound energy to electric energy. Transducer is
also used to convert Mechanical energy to electric energy i.e.it can convert sound energy to electric
energy the simple e.g. of use of transducer to convert sound to electric and vice versa is in speakers,
headset...also it could be converted into electric energy by other methods which we will see in the
paper. Its uses:- it could be used in lightning the street lights by
using the noise pollution made by vehicles, it could also be used in industries, airports runways (as
the sound pollution is to a great extent there, and the energy of sound here is very high so we will
get pleasant output), also the electricity produce in nuclear power station could increase as the
sound produce during nuclear fission also will be used to get More electric energy...it doesn’t get
over here yet... suppose
your mobile phone get discharge u could shout at it and Then it will again get charged …for
emergencies or it could also get charge in road by using sound pollution at road to Produce
electric energy...it doesn’t ends over here...there are many applications of it. So it would not be
wrong if in Future we see sound energy as new source of power.
AS SOUND HAS ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF ENERGY
WITH IT, WHICH COULD BE USED ...BY CONVERTING IT
IN ELECTRIC ENERGY
I. INTRODUCTION
In this 21st century electric power has very deeply indulged in our society......
CAN YOU IMAGINE YOUR
LIFE WITHOUT YOUR
COMPUTER...MOBILE...LIGHTS...AND OTHER
DAILY USED APLLIANCES, IT IS REALLY VERY
HARD TO IMAGINE OUR LIFE WITHOUT THESE
ELECTRIC APPLIANCES...

8. And all these appliances required electricity to operate. And as fast as these world
population is rising and also due to the drastic progress of mankind day by day the
electric consumption is increasing drastically on the other hand the production of
electric power is limited it is not increasing to that extent due to which there is
scarcity of electricity not only in India or particular region but across the whole
world as
Development is taking place in a very high rate ... according to the METI long term
vision, proposed in
2005, the final energy will be mainly supplied by electricity towards 2050 for a low
carbonated society. Actually today, the demand of electricity is continuously growing
in this world and set to be doubled by 2030...so it is necessary to increase the supply of
electric power for that it is very essential for us to find other alternative methods to
produce electric-energy...when we think of
another method we think of solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy...but we
forget ...sound energy...
In this century the most common thing we encountered everywhere (roads, airports,
industries...) is noise pollution... so a point comes in our mind whether is it possible
to convert sound energy to electricity??? And this waste form of sound could be
converted and used for some productive purpose. Let us see about
SOUND ENERGY
MATERIALLS WHICH COULD BE USED TO
CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO ELECTRIC
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
IT’S SCOPE
II. AIM: - TO CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
SOUND ENERGY
We all know sound energy is a mechanical energy which travel in the form of wave,
mechanical wave that
is an oscillation of pressure which need medium to travel i.e. it could not travel
through vacuum as it need medium. Through liquid and gas state sound is transmitted
as longitudinal wave whereas through solid it could be transmitted as both
longitudinal wave and transverse wave. Longitudinal waves are of alternating
pressure deviation from the equilibrium pressure, causing local region of compression
and rarefaction, while transverse wave (in solid) are waves of alternating shear and
stress at right angle to the direction of propagation. When sound wave travel through
a medium mater in that medium is periodically displaced and thus oscillates with
sound wave. The sound wave displace back and forth between the potential energy of
compression or lateral displacement strain of the matter and the kinetic energy
of the oscillation. As sound energy is a mechanical energy it could be converted into
electricity as
Mechanical energy could be converted into electricity by the law of thermodynamics.

9. Sound energy could be easily converted into heat energy which could be easily
converted into electricity but it is not highly efficient as the loss in conversion will be
more whereas the other method is converting sound energy to electricity by piezo
electric material, piezo electric materials are the crystal which converts mechanical
strain to electric energy by such method. So we could see that sound is a form of
Mechanical energy and according to third law of thermodynamics mechanical
energy could be converted
Into electric energy. So it could be seen that theoretically sound energy could be
converted into electricity now let us see practically how it could be made possible
III. PRACTICALLY HOW IT COULD BE ACHIEVED
In our daily use we use many products in which the conversion between sound
energy and electric energy
Takes place for e.g.:-mic, speaker, mobile phone, and transducers .However the
amount of conversion is very
Small and we require large amount of energy to convert it…so the problem is how
we could convert efficiently… As sound wave is a mechanical wave when it travels
through a medium it disturbs the particle of the medium these disturbance created by
sound could be used to produce electricity. For example you have seen speaker or
woofers when sound comes from it its diphagram come forth and back
Its movement is seen in this manner we could use this disturbance of sound wave to
convert it into electricity let us see how we could make the system to convert sound
Energy to electric energy.
METHOD 1 –
Suppose we create a very thin curtain like diphagram which will get fluctuated by the
oscillation and pressure created by the sound wave and a conductor will be attached
to it which will be placed between magnetic bars these fluctuation in the curtain will
create a movement in conductor which will affect the magnetic field of the magnet
this will generate motional emf and
Will generate voltage across it. As per faradays law generated emf is given by

10. Generated voltage = Emf =velocity of conductor X magnetic field X length of
conductor Thus the oscillation created by the sound wave could be converted into
electricity and as the frequency is high
The movement will be fast due to it we will get appreciable amount of electric
energy. It would work similar as the working of turbine this type of device could be
made…But its limitation will be that it will be efficient only in the place where high
decibel of sound is available....for example nuclear power plant, industries using
huge and noisy machines.
METHOD 2-
In this method we could convert sound energy to heat energy as sound wave travel
by oscillating the particles of the medium so when sound energy travel through the
medium it will disturbs the particle of the medium these disturbance created by sound
will be used to convert it into heat energy as when the particles of the medium will be
pushed by the sound wave it will collides with adjacent particle of the medium this
collision will result in production of heat energy the production of heat energy will
be more in the denser medium so for more heat production we will need a material
with very high density. This heat energy will be converted into electricity.

11. 269
METHOD 2-
In this method we could convert sound energy to heat energy as sound wave travel
by oscillating the particles of the medium so when sound energy travel through the
medium it will disturbs the particle of the medium these disturbance created by sound
will be used to convert it into heat energy as when the particles of the medium will be
pushed by the sound wave it will collides with adjacent particle of the medium this
collision will result in production of heat energy the production of heat energy will be
more in the denser medium so for more heat production we will need a material with
very high density. This heat energy will be converted into electricity. This method is
less efficient due to more energy losses
taking place while conversion of sound energy to heat energy and then heat energy to
electric energy then the other methods. As here the conversion is done two times .you
may think that according to Newtown’s law energy can’t be created nor destroyed it
could be only converted from one form to another…so how there could be an energy
loss. So while converting sound energy to heat energy there will be some loss of
sound energy as some of the sound energy would be converted into another form also
while converting from heat energy to electric energy all energy wouldn’t be
converted into electric energy some of the heat energy would get converted into
another form of energy. And here as our main focus is to convert sound energy to
electric energy so conversion into other form of energy is loss of energy for us.

12. METHOD 3
-Converting sound energy to electricity by piezo electric material (piezo electric
materials are the
Crystal which convert mechanical strain to electric
Energy)
IV. PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL (1)
Piezo electric materials are transducers its crystals could convert mechanical strain to
electricity, the crystals are formed naturally e.g. quartz, bone, DNA ...whereas
artificially ZnO, lithium niobatet Lead
Metaniobate the sound energy could be converted into electricity using piezo electric
material. Let us see the properties of piezo electric material.
V. PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL AND THERE
PROPERTIES
Certain single crystal materials exhibit the following phenomenon: when the crystal
is mechanically strained, (here sound energy) or when the crystal is deformed by the
application of an external stress, electric charges appear on the crystal surfaces; and
when the direction of the strain reverses, the polarity of the electric charge is
reversed. This is called the direct piezo electric effect, and the crystals that exhibit it
are classed as piezoelectric crystal

13. Fig 1 . The direct piezoelectric effect
Inversely, when a piezoelectric crystal is placed in an electric field, or when charges
are applied by external means to its faces, the crystal exhibits strain, i.e. the
dimensions of the crystal Changes.
When the direction of the applied electric field is reversed, the direction of the
resulting strain is reversed.
This is called the inverse piezo electric effect. (See Fig. 2).
.
Fig.2-The inverse piezo electric effect
So it could be seen that when the sound energy is applied to the piezoelectric
material it create strain in the crystal then it reverse it and the strain is converted
into electric energy. This direct piezo electric effect property of an piezo electric
material could be used for making the device to convert sound energy to electric
energy. Piezo converter (srb) -a device could be made using piezo electric material
which will collect the sound wave which are travelling near it and that sound wave
will be
Used to cause a strain due to pressure created by its oscillation in the piezo crystal
and that will create the
disturbance in its atoms resulting in the flow of electric charge on the surface of the

14. crystal thus sound energy could be converted into electricity as the piezo electric
material convert mechanical strain to electric energy. And thus this sound energy
could be used to perform various tasks by converting it into useful electric energy
VI. IT’S SCOPE
If we will be able to convert sound energy to electric energy efficiently it could help
us to reduce
The scarcity of electrical energy globally and help in the development of mankind
and reduction of CO2
As electric energy is one of the cleanest energy
The noise pollution in the road would be able to convert into electric energy and
lights the street
Lightning, signals and various other electrical appliances
The noise pollution in runway could be used to produce electricity .The electricity
produce in nuclear power station could increase as the sound produce during
nuclear fission also could be used to get more electric energy.
The noise pollution in industries could be used to produce electricity and work
certain low voltage
Machine....its scope doesn’t end
VII. CONCLUSION
As sound has enormous amount energy with it, it could be used by converting it into
electric energy
For various purposes Sound energy is a mechanical energy so according to law of
thermodynamics mechanical energy could be converted into electric energy Sound
energy could be converted by different
Methods
Method 1 -by creating apparatus using curtain (diphagram) magnet and conductor
Methods 2-by converting Sound energy>heat energy and then heat energy>electric
energy
Method 3-by using transducers such as piezo electric material which converts
mechanical strain>electric energy and vice4 versa Piezo electric crystals are the
crystals which converts mechanical strain to electric energy
The strain applied to piezo electric material by sound energy could be converted into
electricity
In this aspect lot of research is to be done but on a positive note this could surely be
done which could

15. Solve the energy problem of the entire world
VIII. DEMERITS
• Lots of work is to be done in this field.
• Its efficiency is not that good so improvement is
Being required.
• It is bit costlier. As whole setup would be done.
• It could not be used in the places where decibel of
Sound is very low

16. REFERENCES
[1] Piezo materials-(1.)Mael guennou- titzeff
[2] Tony Burton, Nick Jenkins, David Sharpe, Ervin Bossanyi, "Wind Energy
Handbook" in Technology & Engineering, John Wiley & Sons May 2011.
[3] David Ginley, Martin A. Green, Reuben Collins, "Solar Energy Conversion
toward 1 Terawatt", MRS Bulletin 33, pp. 355-364, 2008.
[4] I. S. A. Zahedi, "Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy; latest developments in the
building integrated and hybrid PV systems", Renewable Energy.