This document discusses the use of second-life electric vehicle batteries. It notes that Mercedes-Benz Energy focuses on developing energy storage solutions and integrating used vehicle batteries into second-life applications. Safety and performance are key focuses to ensure the batteries can be used reliably. The document provides examples of Mercedes-Benz Energy projects and emphasizes that understanding battery aging processes is important to guarantee long-term performance of second-life battery systems.

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Safety and Performance of
2nd-life batteries
Gordon Gassmann, March 14th, 2023

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Electromobility thought to end.
A second life for vehicle batteries.
Drive locally without emission Used vehicle battery
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We use 2nd life batteries outside of vehicles to:
1. …increase the residual value of electric vehicles by further use of EV-batteries
2. …improve sustainability footprint of batteries by keeping the raw materials in use as
long as feasible
3. …improve the integration of renewable energy to the grid and provide green energy
for electric vehicles
2nd life
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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Mercedes-Benz Energy.
Continuous development.
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Focus: Development of innovative energy storage solutions
and integration of vehicle batteries in 2nd life
applications and spare parts storage
Projects: Various energy storage systems ∑ > 500 MWh
Application: Network stabilization, load peak compensation,
integration of renewable energies, etc.
Foundation: June 2016
Employees: Approx. 70
Stuttgart site
MB AG headquarters
Kamenz site
ACCUMOTIVE one of the world's
largest battery plants.
Headquarter Mercedes-Benz Energy
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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Sustainability through optimal use of battery.
Residual value is driven by actual status and target application.
Generic example
1st Life
100%
2nd life Mercedes-Benz Energy
PV self
consumption
Frequency
Containment
Reserve
Back-up
Output capacity
(SOH)
years
EOL
(end of life)
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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The challenge with 2nd life batteries
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Many different types of
vehicle-batteries, high
innovation pressure
Sources and target-
applications are globally
spread
Profitability depends on
matching the right battery to
the right application
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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Safety = our signature feature
Engineering and Testing at full speed, no short cuts
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• Housing, Cooling, …
• Functional Safety
• Electrical Safety
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• Standards & Regulations
• Testing
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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Performance is what matters to the customer
Understanding the Technology is key to enduring performance
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Cell
Module
System = Customer Use case
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14
 Simulation and testing of system performance is necessary
to proof customer business cases and enable bankability
 System condition with aged components need special focus
 Educating customers system understanding enables true
flexibility to future energy market developments

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Cell
 Load
 Inner resistance
 Design
Module
 Hot spots
 Heat flow
 Conduction
Pack / Container
 Uniformity
 Stand by vs 24/7
 Topology
Methods
 Liquid vs air
 Permanent or on demand
 Efficiency
Environment
 Outside temperature
 Uptime / Maintenance
 Restart procedure
Profitability
 Use Case
 Installation cost
 Running Cost
Thermal Management – Cooling is key to performance
All system levels must be evaluated
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EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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Balancing strategy and equipment has to be designed to the target application
Active cell balancing is able to extend battery life
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EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14
Each Car cares about it’s individual state of
balancing independent from other cars
Balancing state and strategy of all cells
determine system performance

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Remember: todays new batteries will age!
Considering the 2nd-life challenges will safeguard long-term performance.
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Inner resistance  cooling demand
Deviation of cell/module/string capacity  balancing demand
Probability of failing parts  functional safety
Maintenance / uptime  spare parts condition and availability
Requirements of systems with new batteries match the requirements of systems based on 2nd-life batteries!
EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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Recent projects of MB-Energy
Factory 56, Sindelfingen
BatteryLoop, Göteborg
Mann Naturenergie, Germany
Bus depot, Hannover
Airport, Duesseldorf
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EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14

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EV Battery Recycling & Reuse, Detroit 2023-03-14
CONTACT
www.mercedes-benz-energy.com
Mercedes-Benz Energy GmbH
Prof. Gottfried Bombach Str. 1
01917 Kamenz
Thank you for your attention!