This study examined the growth of native Pennsylvania wildflowers on potential green roofs. 3 field sites near Curwensville, PA were monitored from June to August 2011. 5 plants (Erigeron annuus, Solidago juncea, Fragaria virginiana, Achillea millefolium, and Dianthus armeria) are good green roof candidates based on flexible roots <10cm, ability to grow in sun and rocky soil, and not outcompeting other plants. 4 additional plants (Asclepias tuberosa, Fragaria vesca, Aquilegia canadensis, and Linaria canadensis) showed potential but lacked full data due to low numbers. Measurements
First record of Euphorbia golondrina L. C. Wheeler (Euphorbiaceae) in CameroonInnspub Net
New record of Euphorbia golondrina L.C. Wheeler, a species previously recorded as endemic for Mexico and the United States of America during the late 1930s and subsequently considered extirpated is presented for Cameroon and Africa. The present record obtained from a phytodiversity inventory carried out in Wabane sub division of the mount Bambouto Caldera and other sites in Cameroon, extends the distribution of E. golondrina to the southwest region of Cameroon and adds new marginal occurrence sites for this species. This study presents taxonomic comments, distribution maps and pictures of the species. The affinities of this species are discussed and its position within Chamaesyce’s subgenus of the genus Euphorbia is indicated. The current status of the species in Cameroon is elucidated, and recommendations for its conservation are offered.
Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of...Innspub Net
The experiment was conducted to assess the differential morpho-physiological response to stimulated water deficit and to determine the relationship between some of these morphological and physiological traits and yield components of eighteen durum wheat genotypes grown in pots under lathhouse condition. Water deficit significantly affected gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It reduced the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) measured both at anthesis and grain-filling stages. Similarly, the value of initial fluorescence (Fo) was increased while variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum fluorescence (Fm) and optimum quantum yield fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were decreased under water deficit. RWC of the leaves was decreased by 36.7% while SLA increased by 12.6% due to moisture stress relative to the well-watered control. No significant correlations were found between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and grain yield under water deficit condition. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between leaf gas exchange parameters and grain yield. On the other hand, peduncle length and excursion were positively correlated with grain yield while negatively correlated with drought susceptibility index under water deficit condition. Leaf posture and rolling had also a profound effect on grain yield and other attributes. Erect-leaved genotypes had more grain yield, HI, kernel numbers per spikelet and grain-filling rate but had lower kernel weight than droopy leaved. Similarly, genotypes exhibited strong leaf rolling under water deficit condition had more grain yield, kernel numbers per spike and water use efficiency. The genetic variability found for leaf posture, leaf rolling, peduncle length and excursion among the Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes suggests the opportunity for selection superior and adapted genotype in water-limited environments. These can be achieved by integrating these morphological traits as indirect selection in conjunction with other yield components. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-1-number-2-april-2011-2/
Genetic Variability, Heritability And Genetic Advance For Vegetable Yield And...Premier Publishers
The present study was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for vegetable yield and yield-related traits among Ethiopian kale accessions. The experiment was carried out using 7x7 simple lattice design at Debre zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2017 main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p<0.01) among accessions for all traits except days to second leaf picking. High genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were estimated for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, fresh biomass and leaf yield. High broad sense heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as the percent of mean were obtained for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, leaf width, leaf petiole length, leaf petiole thickness, fresh biomass and leaf yield. It can be concluded that variation generated for these traits is mainly due to genetic and moderate role of environmental factors and these were the most important for selection criteria in developing high yielding Ethiopian kale accession. In general, the present study revealed the presence of variability among accession for most studied traits.
Genotypic variation for agronomical and physiological traits affecting drough...Premier Publishers
The main objective of this study was to evaluate drought resistant genotypes previously developed in CIAT and local cultivars for yield traits and to identify agronomical and physiological traits associated with drought stress environments under the local environment in Yemen. The study materials were selected (16 genotypes) based on phenotypic, physiological traits and drought tolerance indexes in 2006 and 2007, then evaluated in 2008, 2009 and 2010 at three locations representing low rainfall drought (LRD) stress at the southern highland region (SHR) at Ibb – Yemen. Both experiments were subjected to medium to severe drought stress. Genotypes responded differently to drought stress and normal conditions; accordingly these bean genotypes categorized into four groups. The most important group, the group that includes MIB-154, MIB-155, Ser-72, BFB-141, SXB-416, Ser-111, Ser-88, NSL and Taiz-305 genotypes. This group expressed uniform superiority under both normal and drought conditions. The most important group, the group that includes MIB-154, MIB-155, Ser-72, BFB-141, SXB-416, Ser-111, Ser-88, NSL and Taiz-305 genotypes. This group expressed uniform superiority under both normal and drought conditions. Among phenotypic, physiological traits and drought tolerance indexes; delayed leaf senescence (DLS), growth recovery tolerance (LRT), grain filling index (GFI), seed production efficiency (SPE), stomatal conductance, early maturity and stress tolerance index (STI) were found to be the most suitable indices for screening bean lines for drought tolerance under both NS and SD environments as they were highly correlated with both (Yp) and (Ys). Moreover, stability indices analysis of the promising genotypes eight location x three years (2011, 2012 and 2013); proved that genotypes MIB-155, MIB-156, BFB-141, SXB-416 and NSL has high yields with low response indices.
First record of Euphorbia golondrina L. C. Wheeler (Euphorbiaceae) in CameroonInnspub Net
New record of Euphorbia golondrina L.C. Wheeler, a species previously recorded as endemic for Mexico and the United States of America during the late 1930s and subsequently considered extirpated is presented for Cameroon and Africa. The present record obtained from a phytodiversity inventory carried out in Wabane sub division of the mount Bambouto Caldera and other sites in Cameroon, extends the distribution of E. golondrina to the southwest region of Cameroon and adds new marginal occurrence sites for this species. This study presents taxonomic comments, distribution maps and pictures of the species. The affinities of this species are discussed and its position within Chamaesyce’s subgenus of the genus Euphorbia is indicated. The current status of the species in Cameroon is elucidated, and recommendations for its conservation are offered.
Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of...Innspub Net
The experiment was conducted to assess the differential morpho-physiological response to stimulated water deficit and to determine the relationship between some of these morphological and physiological traits and yield components of eighteen durum wheat genotypes grown in pots under lathhouse condition. Water deficit significantly affected gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It reduced the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) measured both at anthesis and grain-filling stages. Similarly, the value of initial fluorescence (Fo) was increased while variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum fluorescence (Fm) and optimum quantum yield fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were decreased under water deficit. RWC of the leaves was decreased by 36.7% while SLA increased by 12.6% due to moisture stress relative to the well-watered control. No significant correlations were found between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and grain yield under water deficit condition. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between leaf gas exchange parameters and grain yield. On the other hand, peduncle length and excursion were positively correlated with grain yield while negatively correlated with drought susceptibility index under water deficit condition. Leaf posture and rolling had also a profound effect on grain yield and other attributes. Erect-leaved genotypes had more grain yield, HI, kernel numbers per spikelet and grain-filling rate but had lower kernel weight than droopy leaved. Similarly, genotypes exhibited strong leaf rolling under water deficit condition had more grain yield, kernel numbers per spike and water use efficiency. The genetic variability found for leaf posture, leaf rolling, peduncle length and excursion among the Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes suggests the opportunity for selection superior and adapted genotype in water-limited environments. These can be achieved by integrating these morphological traits as indirect selection in conjunction with other yield components. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-1-number-2-april-2011-2/
Genetic Variability, Heritability And Genetic Advance For Vegetable Yield And...Premier Publishers
The present study was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for vegetable yield and yield-related traits among Ethiopian kale accessions. The experiment was carried out using 7x7 simple lattice design at Debre zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2017 main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p<0.01) among accessions for all traits except days to second leaf picking. High genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were estimated for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, fresh biomass and leaf yield. High broad sense heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as the percent of mean were obtained for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, leaf width, leaf petiole length, leaf petiole thickness, fresh biomass and leaf yield. It can be concluded that variation generated for these traits is mainly due to genetic and moderate role of environmental factors and these were the most important for selection criteria in developing high yielding Ethiopian kale accession. In general, the present study revealed the presence of variability among accession for most studied traits.
Genotypic variation for agronomical and physiological traits affecting drough...Premier Publishers
The main objective of this study was to evaluate drought resistant genotypes previously developed in CIAT and local cultivars for yield traits and to identify agronomical and physiological traits associated with drought stress environments under the local environment in Yemen. The study materials were selected (16 genotypes) based on phenotypic, physiological traits and drought tolerance indexes in 2006 and 2007, then evaluated in 2008, 2009 and 2010 at three locations representing low rainfall drought (LRD) stress at the southern highland region (SHR) at Ibb – Yemen. Both experiments were subjected to medium to severe drought stress. Genotypes responded differently to drought stress and normal conditions; accordingly these bean genotypes categorized into four groups. The most important group, the group that includes MIB-154, MIB-155, Ser-72, BFB-141, SXB-416, Ser-111, Ser-88, NSL and Taiz-305 genotypes. This group expressed uniform superiority under both normal and drought conditions. The most important group, the group that includes MIB-154, MIB-155, Ser-72, BFB-141, SXB-416, Ser-111, Ser-88, NSL and Taiz-305 genotypes. This group expressed uniform superiority under both normal and drought conditions. Among phenotypic, physiological traits and drought tolerance indexes; delayed leaf senescence (DLS), growth recovery tolerance (LRT), grain filling index (GFI), seed production efficiency (SPE), stomatal conductance, early maturity and stress tolerance index (STI) were found to be the most suitable indices for screening bean lines for drought tolerance under both NS and SD environments as they were highly correlated with both (Yp) and (Ys). Moreover, stability indices analysis of the promising genotypes eight location x three years (2011, 2012 and 2013); proved that genotypes MIB-155, MIB-156, BFB-141, SXB-416 and NSL has high yields with low response indices.
Nuts & Bolts: Genetically Appropriate Choices for Plant Materials to Maintain...nycparksnmd
Dr. Arlee Montavalo, University of California, Riverside
Symposium:
What is Local? Genetics & Plant Selection in the Urban Context. (Tuesday, May 23, 2006, American Museum of Natural History)
Effect of Varying Rate of Leaf Defoliation on Maize Growth, Development and ...Scientific Review SR
Pot trial was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University Anyigba, within the
southern Guinea savanna agro ecological zone of Nigeria, with daily temperature range between 250C - 350C.
The experiment, a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments (defoliation at 25%
above the ear, 25% under the ear, 50% above the ear, 50% under the ear, 75% above the ear, 75% under the
ear, 100% defoliation and no defoliation as control) was replicated four times. Treatment was imposed at ear
initiation. Growth and yield parameters collected were: number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, stem
girth, days to ear initiation, number of cobs/plant, days to crop maturity, cob weight, cob length, seed rows per
cob, 100-seed weight as well as total cob yield/ha. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and New Duncan Multiple Range Test (NDMRT) was used to estimate the differences among
significant means at 5% level of probability. Prior to imposition of the treatment, anal yzed results indicate no
significant differences between number of leaves at 2, 4 and 6 WAS, as well as plant heights and stem girth at
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAS. However there were significant differences between leaf areas at 4 and 6 WAS. In
addition, there were significant effects of defoliation on cob length and dry cob weight with the highest cob
weight obtained in 25% defoliation carried out above the ear. In addition, there were significant differences in
the number of rows per cob and grain yield per ha with 0% defoliation giving the highest result while the least
was in 100% defoliation. Generally, it was observed that defoliation at any rate and position influenced maize
yield, notwithstanding that the treatment was imposed at cob initiation, an indication that harvest of solar
radiation post cob initiation plays important role on eventual maize yield
Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic l...researchplantsciences
A provenance trial of Entada pursaetha containing five provenances from Eastern ghats were used for this study. Individual seed characteristics varied among provenances and highest was recorded in Talakona and lowest in Kolli hills. Cent percent emergence was recorded with high seedling vigour in the seeds of Talakona. Inter-correlation studies revealed a strong positive correlation between emergence and seed length, maximum seed width, and seed weight, while minimum seed width showed weak correlation. Araku valley and Kolli hills exhibited close proximity, while the genetic distance between Talakona and Rollapenta was the highest. There was no influence of environment on the seed characters.Maximum and minimum seed width exhibited higher values of heritability.
Article Citation:
Sai Vishnu Priya K, Srinivasa Rao JV
Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic liana- Entada pursaetha DC.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 032-037.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0006.pdf
Using Ecological Utility to Define Native Plants NENHC 2017Richard Gardner
One of the least understood concepts in phytoecology is ecological utility in relationship to the definition of a native plant. Presently, native plants are domesticated, hybridized and otherwise altered without thought to the destruction this tampering does to ecological utility and hence ecosystems. By altering the chemical, physical and phenological properties of native plants, “scientists” intent on “saving”, “improving” or commercializing these plants are creating non-native plants which can drive dependent species to extinction. The resultant cascade through an ecosystem can be catastrophic
Leaf Area IndexValues of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Stored For Different P...iosrjce
A study was carried out at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Potato programme (NRCRI)
Kuru, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria (Longitude 08OE 47I
, Latitude 09O N 44I
and altitude 1,239 metres above sea
level (msl)during the 2012- 2013 to investigate the leaf area index values of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Stored for different periods in different kinds of stores. Five potato varieties: Nicola, Bertita, Diamant, BR63-18
and Roslin Ruaka were stored for three periods: 12, 24 and 32 weeks in three types of stores, the Room
temperature Store, Diffused light store (DLS) and Air conditioned store. During storage, the experimental
design was completely randomized design in factorial combination of 5 potato varieties, 3 storage conditions
and 3 storage durations. There were 45 treatment combinations replicated 3 times. During field evaluation, a
split-split plot in Randomized complete block design was used with the potato varieties as the main plots, store
type as the sub plots and storage duration as the sub- sub plots. A fourth replication was added for growth
analysis study. Weekly temperatures and Relative humidity were recorded in each type of store. Leaf area index
measurement was done weekly from six weeks after planting (WAP) using the disc method. The result showed
that in all the varieties, storage durations and store types, LAI increased from 6WAP. Optimum LAI varied with
variety with Roslin Ruaka having the highest (3.45) while BR62-18 had the lowest (2.16) with other varieties
were in between. Leaf area index also varied with storage period with tubers stored for 32 weeks having the
highest LAI, followed by storage for 12 weeks while storage for 24 weeks resulted in lowest LAI. Leaf area
index also varied with store typewith seed tubers stored under Air condition having the highest followed by the
Diffused light store while the Room temperature store had the lowest. Leaf area duration (LAD) varied with
variety, storage period and store type. Roslin Ruaka had the highest LAD of 14.22 weeks while BR63-18 had the
lowest LAD of 10.28 weeks while the other varieties were in between. Seed tuber storage under Air condition
resulted in the highest LAD of 14.93 weeks followed by storage in Diffused light store with12.88 weeks while
Room temperature storage had the lowest LAD of 11.13 weeks. The differences in leaf area index and leaf area
duration between varieties, storage period and store type may be as a result of genotype, physiological age or environmental factors during subsequent crop growth in the field. Variety, storage period and store type with higher LAI values are expected to result in ahigher yield of crop compared to those with lower LAI values. LAI
values gives information about crop growth and subsequent yield of the crop.
Nuts & Bolts: Genetically Appropriate Choices for Plant Materials to Maintain...nycparksnmd
Dr. Arlee Montavalo, University of California, Riverside
Symposium:
What is Local? Genetics & Plant Selection in the Urban Context. (Tuesday, May 23, 2006, American Museum of Natural History)
Effect of Varying Rate of Leaf Defoliation on Maize Growth, Development and ...Scientific Review SR
Pot trial was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University Anyigba, within the
southern Guinea savanna agro ecological zone of Nigeria, with daily temperature range between 250C - 350C.
The experiment, a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments (defoliation at 25%
above the ear, 25% under the ear, 50% above the ear, 50% under the ear, 75% above the ear, 75% under the
ear, 100% defoliation and no defoliation as control) was replicated four times. Treatment was imposed at ear
initiation. Growth and yield parameters collected were: number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, stem
girth, days to ear initiation, number of cobs/plant, days to crop maturity, cob weight, cob length, seed rows per
cob, 100-seed weight as well as total cob yield/ha. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and New Duncan Multiple Range Test (NDMRT) was used to estimate the differences among
significant means at 5% level of probability. Prior to imposition of the treatment, anal yzed results indicate no
significant differences between number of leaves at 2, 4 and 6 WAS, as well as plant heights and stem girth at
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAS. However there were significant differences between leaf areas at 4 and 6 WAS. In
addition, there were significant effects of defoliation on cob length and dry cob weight with the highest cob
weight obtained in 25% defoliation carried out above the ear. In addition, there were significant differences in
the number of rows per cob and grain yield per ha with 0% defoliation giving the highest result while the least
was in 100% defoliation. Generally, it was observed that defoliation at any rate and position influenced maize
yield, notwithstanding that the treatment was imposed at cob initiation, an indication that harvest of solar
radiation post cob initiation plays important role on eventual maize yield
Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic l...researchplantsciences
A provenance trial of Entada pursaetha containing five provenances from Eastern ghats were used for this study. Individual seed characteristics varied among provenances and highest was recorded in Talakona and lowest in Kolli hills. Cent percent emergence was recorded with high seedling vigour in the seeds of Talakona. Inter-correlation studies revealed a strong positive correlation between emergence and seed length, maximum seed width, and seed weight, while minimum seed width showed weak correlation. Araku valley and Kolli hills exhibited close proximity, while the genetic distance between Talakona and Rollapenta was the highest. There was no influence of environment on the seed characters.Maximum and minimum seed width exhibited higher values of heritability.
Article Citation:
Sai Vishnu Priya K, Srinivasa Rao JV
Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic liana- Entada pursaetha DC.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 032-037.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0006.pdf
Using Ecological Utility to Define Native Plants NENHC 2017Richard Gardner
One of the least understood concepts in phytoecology is ecological utility in relationship to the definition of a native plant. Presently, native plants are domesticated, hybridized and otherwise altered without thought to the destruction this tampering does to ecological utility and hence ecosystems. By altering the chemical, physical and phenological properties of native plants, “scientists” intent on “saving”, “improving” or commercializing these plants are creating non-native plants which can drive dependent species to extinction. The resultant cascade through an ecosystem can be catastrophic
Leaf Area IndexValues of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Stored For Different P...iosrjce
A study was carried out at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Potato programme (NRCRI)
Kuru, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria (Longitude 08OE 47I
, Latitude 09O N 44I
and altitude 1,239 metres above sea
level (msl)during the 2012- 2013 to investigate the leaf area index values of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Stored for different periods in different kinds of stores. Five potato varieties: Nicola, Bertita, Diamant, BR63-18
and Roslin Ruaka were stored for three periods: 12, 24 and 32 weeks in three types of stores, the Room
temperature Store, Diffused light store (DLS) and Air conditioned store. During storage, the experimental
design was completely randomized design in factorial combination of 5 potato varieties, 3 storage conditions
and 3 storage durations. There were 45 treatment combinations replicated 3 times. During field evaluation, a
split-split plot in Randomized complete block design was used with the potato varieties as the main plots, store
type as the sub plots and storage duration as the sub- sub plots. A fourth replication was added for growth
analysis study. Weekly temperatures and Relative humidity were recorded in each type of store. Leaf area index
measurement was done weekly from six weeks after planting (WAP) using the disc method. The result showed
that in all the varieties, storage durations and store types, LAI increased from 6WAP. Optimum LAI varied with
variety with Roslin Ruaka having the highest (3.45) while BR62-18 had the lowest (2.16) with other varieties
were in between. Leaf area index also varied with storage period with tubers stored for 32 weeks having the
highest LAI, followed by storage for 12 weeks while storage for 24 weeks resulted in lowest LAI. Leaf area
index also varied with store typewith seed tubers stored under Air condition having the highest followed by the
Diffused light store while the Room temperature store had the lowest. Leaf area duration (LAD) varied with
variety, storage period and store type. Roslin Ruaka had the highest LAD of 14.22 weeks while BR63-18 had the
lowest LAD of 10.28 weeks while the other varieties were in between. Seed tuber storage under Air condition
resulted in the highest LAD of 14.93 weeks followed by storage in Diffused light store with12.88 weeks while
Room temperature storage had the lowest LAD of 11.13 weeks. The differences in leaf area index and leaf area
duration between varieties, storage period and store type may be as a result of genotype, physiological age or environmental factors during subsequent crop growth in the field. Variety, storage period and store type with higher LAI values are expected to result in ahigher yield of crop compared to those with lower LAI values. LAI
values gives information about crop growth and subsequent yield of the crop.
Recommendation from CW2 Burrow, the Warrant Officer assigned to the Motors Section of the 628th MI Bn, Harrisburg, PA. The unit has since been reorganized.
This project consists of the findings of a research project conducted as a student teacher. The purpose was to show my teaching had an impact on student learning, statistic analysis was used to prove my teaching had an impact on student learning. In the end, it was proven my teaching had an impact on student learning.
Canopy effect of Prosopis juliflora on selected grass species by using soil a...Open Access Research Paper
Allelopathy effect of Prosopis juliflora canopy soil aqueous extracts on tropical grass species such as Cenchrus cillaris, Paspalidium desertorum and Lintonia nutans were tested under in vitro conditions. Leaf litter falling under canopy soil was collected and tested for allelopathic effects of soil aqueous extract under natural conditions. All the soil aqueous extracts showed significantly negative effects on both germination and seedling growth of test grass species. The results showed that seed germination percentage decreased with increasing the level of the concentration as well as canopy distance. In Cenchrus ciliaris grass species showed 41.64 and 28.56% reduction in seed germination with 5 and 10% soil aqueous extract respectively, in 0 to 3 meter canopy distance. Whereas, at the same concentration level, the seed germination percentage was 57 and 53% in 3 to 10 meter canopy distance. A similar trend of reduction in seed germination percentage was also noticed in Paspalidium desertorum and Lintonia nutans grass species. Moreover, this study revealed that seedling growth such as shoot and root length was significantly affected by canopy soil extracts at the highest concentration. The effect of 0 to 3 meter canopy soil extract was the highest, followed by 3 to 10 meter canopy soil extracts. Moreover, at low concentration canopy, soil aqueous extract showed less inhibitory effect as compared with higher concentration. It can conclude that Prosopis juliflora contains water-soluble allelochemicals capable of inhibiting selected grass species and Prosopis is not good for agro ecosystem and biodiversity.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Performance of Native Pennsylvania Wildflowers and Dianthus armeria (Caryophyllaceae) in North American Green-roof Ecosystems
1. Performance of Native Pennsylvania Wildflowers and Dianthus armeria (Caryophyllaceae) in
North American Green-roof Ecosystems
George E. Tickerhoof III
BIOL 482-001
February 19, 2012
2. 2
ABSTRACT
The rising interest in Green-roofs has led to a need for further research into Green-roofs
in varying parts of the world, in the case of this study, North America. In this study, 3 sites near
Curwensville, Pennsylvania were explored to locate native Pennsylvania wildflowers which
would grow on a green-roof. Sites were selected for their soil-rock ratio, amount of sunlight
received, and presence of wildflowers. All 3 sites were monitored over a period of 3 months,
from June to August 2011. Plants were identified and determined if they were native or
nonnative. Measurements were taken of height, root depth, and root system diameter (the
furthest distance from one side of the roots to the other). Five plants (Erigeron annuus, Solidago
juncea, Fragaria virginiana, Achillea millefolium, and Dianthus armeria) are now candidates for
a green-roof in Pennsylvania based on the results of this study. Additionally, 4 plants (Asclepias
tuberosa, Fragaria vesca, Aquilegia canadensis, and Linaria canadensis) are considered species
of interest due to insufficient data for proper conclusion.
INTRODUCTION
In a world of ever increasing energy costs people across the world search for ways to
save energy in order to save money. One of the ways that has begun to emerge in recent years is
Green-roofs. Germany’s green-roof coverage increases by 13.5 million m2
per year. Many
plants currently used in green-roof ecosystems in North America come from a German list
(Oberndorfer et al. 2007). This means that many plants used are nonnative. According to
Oberndorfer et al. (2007) and Lundholm (2005) plants used in green-roof ecosystems in North
America should be native to the environment of the green-roof. Oberndorfer et al (2007) states
that “further research is needed to identify suitable plant species for living roofs in many other
climatic regions.”
3. 3
The criteria for a plant to be considered for a green roof in this study area
: native to
Pennsylvania, grows well in direct sunlight and predominately rocky soil (≥50% rock), has
flexible roots, grow in mixed communities, cannot outcompete other plants, roots must be
≤10cm, and be perennial. Plants that met these criteria were divided into 2 categories: species
of interest and candidate species. Additionally, criteria for a research site to qualify included:
predominately rocky soil, receive full sunlight each day, and presence of wildflowers. A site that
fit all of these criteria were included in the study.
The purpose of this study was to locate native wildflowers that may make suitable
candidates for green-roof ecosystems in Pennsylvania, United States of America.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Definitions
Root system diameter is the distance from 1 edge of the root system to the other edge of
the roots at the greatest point. Local rarity refers to the circumstance when there were a small
number (≤ 10) of the identified plant present at a given research site. A species of interest is one
that was located, identified, fits most of the criteria, however local rarity prevented complete data
collection. A candidate species is one that was located, identified, fits the criteria, and sufficient
data was collected. Native status refers to whether a plant is native to the United States or not.
Study Area
Study sites were located first near the town of Curwensville, Pennsylvania. The soil
composition, amount of daily sunlight, and the presence of wildflowers were checked. Each site
had mostly rocky soil (≥50%), received full sunlight each day, and contained wildflowers. Three
areas were located, each meeting the criteria as stated earlier. The sites were monitored between
a
Listed in order of importance. Most important is first, least important is last.
4. 4
June and August of 2011. Latitude and longitude of the 4 corners were recorded using Google
Earth (2010).
The pictures above show the 3 research sites. The 2 top pictures depict Site 1, bottom left is
Site 2, and bottom right is Site 3.
5. 5
The pictures above depict an aerial view of the sites. The actual research areas are marked by
the black lines. Top left: Site 1, Top right: Site 2, and Bottom left: Site 3. Image source:
Google Earth.
6. 6
Listed below are latitude and longitude coordinates of each site’s 4 corners.
Site 1
Corner 1 40°53'18.1" N 78°38'47.8" W
Corner 2 40°53'32.8" N 78°38'45.3" W
Corner 3 40°53'30.4" N 78°38'34.3" W
Corner 4 40°53'23.8" N 78°38'36.0" W
Site 3
Corner 1 40°58'44.5" N 78°32'15.1" W
Corner 2 40°58'44.0" N 78°32'14.7" W
Corner 3 40°58'43.7" N 78°32'15.9" W
Corner 4 40°58'43.9" N 78°32'16.2" W
Sampling
After study sites were located the heights of each present species were examined to
determine an approximate range of heights so the shortest and tallest of each species were
included in the study. Then, 10 plants of each species were selected and measured for height,
root depth, and root system diameter when possible. Three plants of each possible species were
removed from their location and replanted in pots to determine if the plants would continue to
grow. Occasionally, local rarity prevented root depth and root system diameter measurement
and collection of specimens to be grown in pots. In a few cases growth method and local rarity
caused the number of measurements to vary from the 10 per plant standard. In these cases, the
maximum number of measurements for height, root depth, and root system diameter were done.
All plants included in the study met the criteria stated previouslyb
.
The percentage of rock and soil in each research site was determined from a sample taken
from each site. The sample was placed in a screen pouch made from the screen from old
window screen material and washed with as little water as possible. This removed the soil from
the rock and was collected in a bucket. The rock and soil were set aside to dry completely.
b
An exception to this was made for Dianthusarmeria, which is nonnative,but included in the study.
Site 2
Corner 1 40°58'39.3" N 78°32'07.3" W
Corner 2 40°58'38.7" N 78°32'07.4" W
Corner 3 40°58'35.7" N 78°32'16.2" W
Corner 4 40°58'35.9" N 78°32'16.7" W
7. 7
When both were dry, each component was weighed. The weights of both components were
added together. The percentage was determined by dividing the weight of the individual
components by the total weight and multiplying by 100.
Data Analysis
Wildflowers were identified using Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide (Newcomb 1977) and
www.mywildflowers.com (Thompson 2011). The native status of each wildflower was then
determined using PLANTS Database (USDA 2011). Native wildflowers were included in the
research, nonnative were excluded from the study, with exception Dianthus armeria. Dianthus
armeria was included due to no negative consequences on ecosystems where it is nonnative to.
RESULTS
Native and nonnative plants were located in each site. Figure 1 shows all plants that were
identified, pictures of each, and their native status.
Erigeron annuus
Native
Echium vulgare
Nonnative
Trifolium agrarium
Nonnative
Centaurea jacea
Nonnative Solidago juncea
Native
Centaurea nigra
Nonnative
8. 8
Linaria canadensis
Native
Dianthus armeria
Nonnative
Lotus corniculatus
Nonnative
Achillea millefolium
Native Fragaria virginiana
Native Melilotus officinalis
Nonnative
Melilotus alba
Nonnative
Asclepias tuberose
Native
Aquilegia canadensis
Native
Figure 1. All of the plants indentified during the research. Pictures, scientific names, and native
status of each are included.
9. 9
The following plants were kept in the research due to where they were found growing
and due to being native, with 1 exception: Erigeron annuus, Dianthus armeriac
, Solidago
juncea, Achillea millefolium, Linaria canadensis, and Fragaria virginiana. Table 2 shows the
presence of the included plants at each of the sites.
Table 2. Presence of included plants at each site
Plant Scientific Name Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
Erigeron annuus Not present Present Present
Dianthus armeria Present Present Not present
Solidago juncea Not present Not present Present
Achillea millefolium Present Present Not present
Fragaria virginiana Not present Not present Present
Linaria canadensis Not present Present Not present
The percentages of soil and rock from each site are shown in Table 3. This data was
collected to determine the composition of the soil. A predominately rocky composition soil was
one of the criteria for the site to be used as well as for the selection of plant selection.
Table 3. Percent soil and rock composition of each site
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
% Soil 48.7 33.4 9.3
% Rock 51.3 66.6 90.7
The heights of E. annuus, D. armeria, A. millefolium differed slightly from each site
where they were found (Fig. 2). On average E. annuus was the about the same in height in Sites
2 and 3. Dianthus armeria and A. millefolium were nearly twice as tall in Site 2 as in Site 1.
c
Based on use in Jane Perrone’s Green-roof (see Literature Cited section)and no information located suggesting
negative ecosystemeffects.
10. 10
Figure 2. The average heights of Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus), Common Yarrow
(Achillea millefolium), and Deptford Pink (Dianthus armeria) from Sites 1, 2, and 3.
Table 4 shows the height, root depth, and root system diameter measurements of the
remaining plants only found in 1 research site.
Table 4. The average heights of the remaining candidate species
Plant Scientific Name Height (cm) Root Depth (cm) Root System Diameter (cm)
Solidago juncea 49.5 ±3.61 4.99 ±.30 3.29 ±.21
Fragaria virginiana 8.70 ±.53 3.04 ±.27 4.64 ±.71
All plants included in the research met the criteria, including root depth. Table 5 shows
the root depth and root system diameter of 10 specimens of each species (where possible).
Linaria canadensis was a subject of local rarity (only 4 plants were found in the research site).
Achillea millefolium was found to be growing in a colony, therefore root system diameter was
not measured.
11. 11
Table 5. Root depth and root system diameter measurements for all included plants
Plant Scientific Name Root Depth (cm) Root System Diameter (cm)
Achillea millefolium 6.62 ±.83
Dianthus armeria 5.62 ±.83 6.36 ±1.22
Erigeron annuus 4.75 ±.52 6.39 ±.74
Several plants were listed as species of interest. Table 6 lists the plants and reasons for
being a species of interest.
Table 6. Species of interest and reasons to why they are of interest
Plant Scientific Name Reasons
Asclepias tuberosa Native
Only 1 specimen found (Site 3)
Found growing in open, sunny, rocky meadow
Unable to perform root depth and root system diameter
measurements
Aquilegia canadensis Native
Late spring/early summer flowering
Research began after most plants died for year
Only 1 specimen found (Site 2)
Found growing in rocky soil
Unable to perform root depth and root system diameter
measurements
Linaria canadensis Native
Only 4 specimens found (Site 2)
Found growing in open, sunny, rocky meadow
Unable to perform root depth and root system diameter
measurements
Fragaria vesca Native
Only 2 specimens found (Site 3)
Found growing in open, sunny, rocky meadow
Unable to perform root depth and root system diameter
measurements
.
Erigeron annuus, Achillea millefolium, Fragaria virginiana, and Dianthus armeria grew
well in pots. Solidago juncea died 2 days after being placed in pots.
12. 12
DISCUSSION
Perrone (2011) reports using D. armeria on her green-roof, and based on the findings of
this current project, D. armeria appeared to be a good selection for a green-roof. All of the
measurements of all plants included in the research pointed to Dianthus armeria, Achillea
millefolium, Erigeron annuus, Solidago juncea, Fragaria virginiana, and Linaria canadensis
being good possibilities for a green-roof in Pennsylvania. The root depth measurements for
every plant were less than or equal to 10cm (see Table 5), every plant was native with exception
to D. armeria (see Table 1), and finally all included plants were co-dominant with the
surrounding vegetation.
In addition to D. armeria in use on Perrone’s green-roof, E. annuus is used in a green-
roof project, which as of 2006 had 21 specimens growing (Brenneisen 2006). According to New
York City’s park website (c2011) S. juncea is used in their increasing, city-wide green-roof
project. According to the Connecticut Botanical Society, S. juncea grows well in dry, rocky
areas (Connecticut Botanical Society c2005). In one case, F. virginiana began growing on a
green-roof project conducted by Velazquez (2006) without being introduced by humans. In the
case of Velazquez, the F. virginiana was left to grow in the green-roof due to being a food
source to local birds and aesthetics. Fragaria virginiana grows in dry, open areas according to
borealforest.org (2002), lending further evidence in the favor of F. virginiana being used in
green-roof ecosystems. Achillea millefolium is currently described as a candidate by several
online companies such as Green Roof Technology LLC. (c2011). In addition to being described
as a candidate species, according to ARKive (c2003-2012) A. millefolium is drought resistant and
grows in a wide array of soil types.
13. 13
The relatively uniform heights of E. annuus from Site 2 and Site 3 could be explained by
the plant growing equally well in both soil types. The height differences in D. armeria and A.
millefolium between Site 1 and Site 2 could be explained by D. armeria growing better in Site
2’s soil composition. It is also possible that D. armeria and A. millefolium in Site 1 were grazed
by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) more heavily when younger than in Site 2. The
failure of growth for S. juncea may be explained by root damage or the excessive heat (33.9°C to
40.5°C) for 7 days after being replanted in pots.
Further research is needed to determine the viability of the species of interest (see table 6)
for a green-roof ecosystem. Oberndorfer et al. (2007) stated native plants are considered ideal
choices as a result of their adaptations to the local climates. My results showed there are native
plants growing in Pennsylvania that are candidates for a green-roof ecosystem.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Sarah Knight of Curwensville, Pennsylvania for her assistance in
finding research sites, Dr. Timothy Nuttle of the Indiana University of Pennsylvania Biology
Department for his guidance during the research, the Prisk Family of Lumber City, Pennsylvania
for allowing me to conduct research on their property, Sean McGaughran for his time in peer-
editing this paper, and Aletta’s Farm Market of Curwensville, Pennsylvania for the donation of
flower pots.
LITERATURE CITED
ARKive: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) [Internet]. c2003-2012. Washington (DC): ARKive;
[cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from: http://www.arkive.org/yarrow/achillea-
millefolium/#text=Habitat
14. 14
Borealforest.org: Common Strawberry, Fragaria virginiana [Internet]. 2002. [Canada]:
borealforest.org; [cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from:
http://www.borealforest.org/herbs/herb15.htm
Brenneisen S. 2006 Dec. Space for urban wildlife: designing green goofs as habitats in
Switzerland. Urban Habitats [Internet]. [cited 2012 Feb 18]; 4(1):[p 29]. Available
from: http://urbanhabitats.org/v04n01/urbanhabitats_v04n01_pdf.pdf
City of New York Parks & Recreation [Internet]. c2011. New York City (NY): Green roof
species. [cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from:
http://www.nycgovparks.org/greening/greenbelt-native-plant-center/garden-species-
lists/garden-green-roof
Connecticut Botanical Society: Early Goldenrod [Internet]. c2005. New Haven (CT). [updated
2012 Jan 29; cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from:
http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/solidagojunc.html
Deb Thompson: www.mywildflowers.com [Internet]. Pennsylvania: Deb Thompson; [updated
2011 June 25; cited 2011 Aug 25]. Available from:
http://www.mywildflowers.com/index.asp
Green Roof Technology LLC. [Internet]. c2011. Bel Air (MD); [cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available
from: http://www.greenrooftechnology.com/Modern%20Technology/greenroofplants
Google, Inc: Google Earth 6 [Internet]. c2011. Mountain View (CA): Google, Inc; [cited 2011
Aug 24]. Available from: http://www.google.com/earth/download/ge/agree.html
Jane Perrone: horticultural Jane Perrone’s organic gardening blog [Internet]. 2011 Mar 26. Jane
Perrone; [updated 2011 Mar 26, cited 2011 Aug 26]. Available from:
http://perrone.blogs.com/horticultural/2011/03/green-roof-planting.html
15. 15
Lundholm J. 2005. 2.1 Vegetation design and plant communities: a habitat template approach
to green building surfaces. Lundholm J, editor. Greening Rooftops for Sustainable
Communities; 2005 May 4-6; Washington, D.C. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Saint
Mary’s University. p. 1-14.
Newcomb L. 1977. Newcomb’s wildflower guide. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Oberndorfer E, Lundholm J, Bass B, Coffman RR, Doshi H, Dunnett N, Gaffin S, Kohler M, Liu
KKY, Rowe B. 2007. Green-roofs as urban ecosystems: ecological structures,
functions, and services. BioScience. 57(10):823-833.
[USDA] United States Department of Agriculture: Plants database [Internet]. Greensboro (NC):
United States Department of Agriculture; [updated 2011 Aug 22; cited 2011 Aug 24].
Available from: http://plants.usda.gov/java/
Linda S. Velazquez: sky gardens [Internet]. 2006, c2007. Atlanta (GA); [updated 2006 Apr;
cited 2012 Feb 18]. Available from: http://www.greenroofs.com/skygardens.htm