Pepsi faced hurdles when entering the Indian market in the 1980s due to threats from politicians and a lack of liberalization policies allowing 100% foreign direct investment. To gain approval, Pepsi emphasized how its operations could help solve many of Punjab's problems by developing agriculture, creating jobs, and bringing back terrorists. However, Pepsi was later alleged to have not adhered to many of its commitments, such as failing to create enough jobs, reducing exports, and not establishing an agricultural research center as planned. Pepsi did undertake contract farming initiatives in India to source raw materials, but critics argue this was done more for business reasons than social welfare. It is important for multinational corporations to improve local economies as this benefits

2. 1.1 Why do companies like Pepsi need to globalize? 1.2 What are the various ways in which foreign companies can enter a foreign market? 1.3 What hurdles and problems did Pepsi face when it tried to enter India during the 1980s?

3. To Broaden the markets To seek raw materials To seek the technologies To seek the production efficiencies To avoid political hurdles To diversify To postpone the payment of domestic taxes To counter foreign investments by competitors

4. Indirect Export Direct Export Joint Ventures Mergers Acquisitions Assembly line operation Licensing Management Control Franchising Piggy Back Strategic Alliance Turn Key Projects Contract Manufacturing Manufacturing

5. In 1988, the threatening letter by George Fernandes. There should be no import of cola concentrate There should be no use of foreign brand name. Lack of liberalization 100% FDI was not allowed Agricultural sector was the priority

6. 2.1 Critically analyze the strategy adopted by Pepsi to sell itself to Indian government. 2.2 Do you think the biggest factor responsible for the acceptance of its proposal by the regulatory authorities was its projection of its operations as the solution to many of Punjab’s problem? Why/Why not?

7. Promoting and developing the export of Indian Agro-based products, though it got rejected. Each cola import would be in return of exporting juice concentrate from Punjab. Development and Welfare of State. Bringing about Agriculture Revolution in state. Creating Employments. Terrorists to return to society. Punjab boasted a healthy agricultural sector

8. Development of Areas it planned to operate in Directing major (75%) investment towards agricultural sector Focusing on food and Agro-processing. Boosting the image of Indian products in foreign market. Establishing Agricultural Research Centre. More emphasis on Exports than imports to improvise the balance of payment.

9. Yes, Most of the commitments were related with Punjab therefore it is the biggest factor responsible for acceptance of Pepsi.

10. 3.1 How did company react to changes in the business environment after the liberalization of the economy in the early 1990s? 3.2 Critically comment on the allegations that Pepsi deliberately did not adhere to most of its commitments?

11. In 1994, it bought off its partner in venture i.e. Voltas and PAIC. Establishing wholly owned subsidiary PepsiCo Holding India Pvt. Ltd. Changed name from “Lehar Pepsi” to “Pepsi” Sold off its Tomato Paste Plant in 1995 Gradually reduce the contract farming Plastic Exports were 67%. Till 1997, the agro research centre was no where.

12. Failing to create jobs 50% of employee working for Concentrate and Bottling Business not for Food processing Business. Pepsi with Futura Polymers Ltd. were reducing the workforce and more machine oriented More lasting impression of “Pepsi” and “Lehar Pepsi”. Export of fruit & vegetable based products was negligible & started exporting Tea, Rice & Shrimps Failed its commitment to export 50% production. Products exported were same which use to happen earlier.

13. 4.1 Examine the contract framing initiatives undertaken by Pepsi in India and explain the rationale for such initiative from the company’s prospective. 4.2 why is it important for multinational corporations to work towards the improvement of the economics in the country in which the operates? 4.3 What are the various other ways in which this can be done?

14. Increase in Tomato crop production Providing High yield seeds to increase the productivity in the tomato cultivation Offered advanced equipments (Free of cost) to increase the speed & efficiency Imported the required material for tomato cultivation

15. Rationale behind the contract farming was that in one or the other way company insisted on the development of those crops which were directly or indirectly related to their businesses such as soft drinks, snacks, fruit juices & mineral water. Other rationale behind the contract farming was to increase their own business rather than any social welfare.

16. Taken initiative for Chilly farming Groundnuts production over paddy production Rice production Fruits & Vegetable Farming Encouraging farmers to cultivate potato with low sugar content for chips.

17. Thank You