The document appears to be a set of multiple choice questions about the people and history of the Southwest region. It covers topics like Navajo hogans, the Long Walk of the Navajo, the Navajo Tribal Council, Spanish missions, the influence of the Spanish in the Southwest, the growth of the cattle industry, the Chisholm Trail, changes to ranching over time, the impact of irrigation in Arizona, the effect of air conditioning, early Texas settlers raising cattle, Philip Armour starting the meat packing industry in Chicago, and famous cowgirls like Annie Oakley. It also includes a couple short answer questions about how the Navajo may have felt during and after the Long Walk, and reasons

1. PEOPLE OF THE SOUTHWEST REGION
Mr. Ball’s 4th grade class

2. WHICH IS TRUE ABOUT THE NAVAJO HOGANS?
 a. They were made of poles that were
covered with a layer of soil and bark.
 b. They were built so that their doors faced
west—toward the rising sun.
 c. They were considered sacred houses
even after the owner died.
 d. They were blessed with the pollen of the
soybean plant.

3. WHAT WAS THE DESTINATION OF THE NAVAJO
ON “THE LONG WALK”?
 A. Fort Defiance
 b. Santa Fe
 c. Bosque Redondo
 d. Fort Wingate

4. WHICH OF THESE IS NOT TRUE ABOUT “THE LONG
WALK”?
 a. The walk covered 300 miles.
 b. Many Navajo died during the walk.
 c. The Navajo found plenty of food, clothing,
and homes at the end of the walk.
 d. The Navajo found poor soil and unsafe
water at the end of their walk.

5. WHICH DESCRIBES THE NAVAJO TRIBAL
COUNCIL TODAY?
 A. ts council members meet with its
chairman, Henry Chee Dodge.
 b. It has 12 alternates who are elected by
the Navajo people.
 c. It has council members and a chairperson
who are elected every four years.
 d. It has 12 delegates who meet with the
Secretary of the Interior.

6. WHICH OF THESE WAS NOT A PURPOSE OF
THE SPANISH MISSIONS?
 a. to make Christians of the Native
Americans
 b. to support itself by raising crops and
livestock
 c. to provide a place for Native American
rituals
 d. to claim land

7. WHAT IS ONE WAY THAT SPANISH MISSIONS
HELPED THE NATIVE AMERICANS?
 A. Some gave the Native Americans money
to buy their own houses and food.
 b. Some protected the Native Americans
from their enemies.
 c. They set up reservations where the Native
Americans could live with their families.
 d. They built hogans so that the Native
Americans could perform their rituals.

8. WHICH OF THESE WAS NOT BROUGHT TO THE
SOUTHWEST BY THE SPANISH?
 A. cattle ranching
 b. Mexican and Spanish foods
 c. hogan building
 d. Spanish language

9. WHICH OF THESE CULTURES HAS THE MOST
INFLUENCE IN THE SOUTHWEST TODAY?
 A. Spanish
 b. French
 c. German
 d. Italian

10. HOW DID PHILIP ARMOUR HELP THE CATTLE
INDUSTRY GROW IN THE SOUTHWEST?
 A He was the first person to round up and brand
wild longhorns in the Southwest.
 b. He brought cattle from Spain to Texas, and
the cattle were left behind when he and other
missionaries left.
 c. He started a meat-packing industry in
Chicago that helped the market for beef grow.
 d. He developed a way to use the hides, horns,
hooves, and tallow of the cattle for different
products.

11. WHY DID TEXAS COWBOYS NEED AN EASY WAY
TO GET THEIR CATTLE TO KANSAS?
 A. Kansas had much more open grazing land
for the cattle than Texas did.
 b. People living in Kansas enjoyed eating
beef much more than the people of Texas.
 c. The cattle could be sent to meat-packing
plants from the railroad towns in Kansas.
 d. The people of Texas did not allow cattle to
be raised or sold within the state’s borders.

12. WHICH WAS NOT A JOB OF THE COWBOYS IN
THE SOUTHWEST?
 A. building missions
 b. training horses
 c. guarding cattle
 d. driving cattle

13. WHERE DID THE CHISHOLM TRAIL BEGIN?
 A. Houston, Texas
 b. San Antonio, Texas
 c. Ellsworth, Kansas
 d. Santa Fe, New Mexico

14. WHICH IS NOT A WAY THAT RANCHING IN THE
SOUTHWEST TODAY IS DIFFERENT FROM
RANCHING IN THE PAST?
 A. Ranchers raise crops to feed the animals.
 b. The animals drink mainly from water wells,
so they don’t have to travel far.
 c. Open range grasslands are available for
shared grazing.
 d. Many ranchers fence their land to keep
cattle from wandering off.

15. HOW HAS IRRIGATION CHANGED ARIZONA?
 A. Rain falls in Arizona much more often now.
 b. Cacti, such as the saguaro, can grow there
now.
 c. Most of Arizona now has become a hot, dry
desert.
 d. Land that once was dry is now rich farmland.
.

16. HOW HAS AIR CONDITIONING AFFECTED THE
SOUTHWEST?
 A Humidity is added to the dry Southwest air.
 b. It freezes the water in the air around
businesses and homes.
 c. The heat of the Southwest is more bearable
for businesses and families there.
 d. Many factories close in the hot summer
months.

17. EARLY TEXAS SETTLERS RAISED CATTLE TO USE
AS __________ FOR THEIR FAMILIES
 A. pets
 b. income
 c. oxen
 d. meat

18. THE ____________ OF THE CATTLE WAS USED
FOR CANDLES AND SOAP
 A. meat
 b. tallow
 c. skin
 d. tails

19. IN 1870 ______________ STARTED A MEAT-
PACKING INDUSTRY IN CHICAGO
 A. Oscar Mayer
 b. Dolly Madison
 c. Phillip Armour
 d. Annie Oakley

20. IN SOUTH TEXAS, MANY COWBOYS WERE OF
___________ DESCENT.
 A. Mexican
 b. English
 c. French
 d. German

21. ______________ AND CALAMITY JANE WERE
FAMOUS COWGIRLS WHO PERFORMED IN WILD
WEST SHOWS
 A. Dolly Madison
 b. Phillip Armour
 c. Annie Oakley
 d. Rosa Parks

22. MANY RANCHERS DROVE THEIR CATTLE FROM
TEXAS ALL THE WAY TO _________ ON THE
CHISHOLM TRAIL
 A Missouri
 b. Alaska
 c. Kansas
 d. Montana

23. THE __________ RANCH SPREADS OVER
800,000 ACRES AND IS LARGER THAN THE
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND
 A Ponderosa
 b. Double-Bar S
 c. Queen
 d. King

24. HOW DO YOU THINK THE NAVAJO PEOPLE FELT
AFTER MAKING “THE LONG WALK”? HOW DO
YOU THINK THEY FELT WHEN THEY SAW THEIR
NEW HOMELAND? WHY?
 The Navajo probably had mixed feelings.
They probably were happy to be finished
walking and to have made it alive to Bosque
Redondo. They probably also were sad for
the people they lost on the way. After they
saw that their new home had bad soil and
water, the people probably felt sad, scared,
frustrated, or even angry.

25. WHY DO YOU THINK THE NAVAJO TRIBAL
COUNCIL MADE A SYSTEM OF WRITTEN RULES
 Rules help them to govern a large number of
people. All the people can read the rules and
know what is expected of them, and the rules
can be handed down to the next generation.