Forest Management is deals with the overall administrative, legal, economic, and social aspects of forestry. Included as well are the scientific and technical aspects, like silviculture, protection, and forest regulation.Temperate forests are often found close to farmland and/or densely populated urban areas. Because of proximity, these forests are often utilized as a source of recreation-related, non-forestry activities.
The management of temperate forests is both large-scale and small-scale. In the temperate forest zones, large-scale private (corporate) forest operations are located mainly in the United States of America and in the Southern Hemisphere.
European countries with many private forest owners have extremely strict forest legislation. The legislation typically requires environmental protection and nature conservation to different degrees. Most countries have government agencies with the task of advising private forest owners and keeps the management in line with legislation. North America private forest owners on the other hand have more freedom over how to manage their forests.
The management of temperate forests is both large-scale and small-scale. In the temperate forest zones, large-scale private (corporate) forest operations are located mainly in the United States of America and in the Southern Hemisphere.
European countries with many private forest owners have extremely strict forest legislation. The legislation typically requires environmental protection and nature conservation to different degrees. Most countries have government agencies with the task of advising private forest owners and keeps the management in line with legislation. North America private forest owners on the other hand have more freedom over how to manage their forests.
The management of temperate forests is both large-scale and small-scale. In the temperate forest zones, large-scale private (corporate) forest operations are located mainly in the United States of America and in the Southern Hemisphere.
European countries with many private forest owners have extremely strict forest legislation. The legislation typically requires environmental protection and nature conservation to different degrees. Most countries have government agencies with the task of advising private forest owners and keeps the management in line with legislation. North America private forest owners on the other hand have more freedom over how to manage their forests.
The management of temperate forests is both large-scale and small-scale. In the temperate forest zones, large-scale private (corporate) forest operations are located mainly in the United States of America and in the Southern Hemisphere.
European countries with many private forest owners have extremely strict forest legislation. The legislation typically requires environmental protection and nature conservation to different degrees. Most countries have government agencies with the task of advising private forest owners an
13. Plans for the designation of
protected areas have been
based on three main criteria:
•
•
•
14. Buffer zones serve as a physical barrier
between human encroachment of the protected
area. Creation of these buffer zones is meant to
support the protected area and at the same
time, provide local people with benefits. The
support of local people in conservation efforts
can be encouraged through participation in the
harvesting and management of buffer zones
(e.g. using of appropriate agroforestry
practices; hunting;
establishing forest and agricultural tree
plantations). The drawback is that the economic
development they generate can attract more
people to them and increase pressure on
resource consumption.
15. Habitat degradation and excessive
game hunting are the two main threats
to fauna sustainability. However, wildlife
is also being used for tourism (e.g.
hunting and ecotourism). Aside from the
financial value of these activities, this
method of utilizing wildlife
resources should be ecologically and
socially viable.
16.
17. Studies have also shown that most
forest fires are man-made due to:
• deliberate deforestation (i.e.
forest conversion), slash and
burn cultivation.
• rangeland regeneration (for
grazing and hunting).
• accidents.
• traditional use (e.g. religious and
tribal ceremonies); and
• political and socio-economic
conflicts over land use and
ownership rights.
18. Presentation Design
MANAGEMENT FOR SOIL AND
WATER CONSERVATION
Tropical regions have most of their watersheds
bear a large farming population. Specifically,
agricultural arrangements, like terraced farming in
Asia, present tried and tested soil and water
conservation functions. Reforestation in areas
degraded by farming and grazing has been an
expensive technical solution. However, upon
consultation with local people, improved forest
protection often leads to natural regeneration. It
also enables secondary forest to be restored in
many instances.
19. Presentation Design
Forested watersheds that provide
water to heavily populated areas
should be protected against shifting
cultivation and unplanned urbanization.
Management in such cases should be
efficient surveillance to protect forest
cover. Tying in the functions of water
supply and natural reserves for wildlife
and plant life in the same watershed
does not generally exhibit any technical
problems, furthermore water
management carried out downstream
from these areas can be successful.
