Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable (temporary meadows for pasture, kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow), under permanent crops, and under permanent pasture land Land use change Drivers of conversion from forest to Agriculture Restorethelandscapes •Restoration options and techniques •Woodland islets •Management of Forests on active agricultural land •Management of trees on fallow agricultural land •Forest landscape restoration

1. 1
AS2016078

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Globally Forests
• Land use change
• Drivers of conversion from forest to Agriculture
• Restore the landscapes
• Restoration options and techniques
• Woodland islets
• Management of Forests on active agricultural land
• Management of trees on fallow agricultural land
• Forest landscape restoration (FLR)
• Sri Lanka Case
• Conclusion
• Reference
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3. Introduction
• Forests covered 3 454 million ha= 26.6 %
• Agriculture land 40% of the planet's land surface
• Degradation of land as a consequence of agriculture is 12400000 KM2.
(Lepers et al. 2005) & (Foley et al. 2005).
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4. Globally Forests
• Protection from extreme weather
• Host 80% of the earth biodiversity : 2/3 of plants, ¾ birds, 80% of
amphibians, 68% of the mammals
• Supports 100 of millions of people: 9/10 of people in extreme poverty get
at leas t some of their living form forests, 1 billion people eat wild food,
more than 86 million people employed in the forest sector
• Forests are the worlds best carbon sponges, trapping and storing CO2,
Globally tropical forest sequester 1.4 billion tonnes of CO2 annually
• Deforestation continue, with an area size of Portugal destroyed each year.
Source: WEF
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5. Crop Lands
• Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable (temporary
meadows for pasture, kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow), under
permanent crops, and under permanent pasture land. (FAO)
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6. Land use change
Natural vegetation Land change to Agriculture
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Fallow land

7. Drivers of conversion from forest to
Agriculture
• Population growth
• Changing food consumption
patterns
• Agricultural developments,
such as changing markets,
technological improvements
and active policy
interventions;
• Land-tenure security; and the
governance of land use
change.
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8. Global Partnership on Ecological
Restoration
The Bonn Challenge150m ha
New York Declaration 350m ha
WEF 1trillion trees
Key stakeholders :Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Global Environment Facility, The
World Bank, Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration (GPFLR), ITTC
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9. Restoration options and techniques
Restoration
options
Traditional forestry
and silvicultural
treatments
Natural regeneration
of formerly forested
land and Protected
land
Agricultural land :
Establishment and
management of
trees on fallow
agricultural land
Agroforestry :
Establishment and
management of
trees on active
agricultural land
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10. Ecological Restoration Options
“Passive restoration”
• Whereby abandoned agricultural
land undergoes secondary
succession
• Slow
• Owing to biotic and abiotic
limitations.
“Active restoration”
• Management techniques such as
planting, weeding, burning, and
thinning are undertaken with a
particular image of desired
structure, composition, or pattern
• Transplant whole agricultural to
increase species richness
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11. Woodland islets
land is
abandoned
Woodland
islets
used for
cultivation
If the surrounding land is abandoned, the islets act as
sources of woodland species and seed, which can
accelerate woodland development.
If the surrounding area is used for cultivation or pasture,
the islets will increase the conservation value of the
land and offer the potential for income generation
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12. Agroforestry : Establishment and
management of trees on active
agricultural land 12

13. • Alley Cropping
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14. • Multi-Story Cropping
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15. • Windbreak and Shelterbelt
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16. • Silvopasture Establishment
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17. • Sloping agricultural land technology (SALT)
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18. Abandoned Agricultural land :
Establishment and management of trees
on fallow agricultural land 18

19. Forest landscape restoration (FLR)
• Is the ongoing process of regaining ecological functionality and enhancing
human well-being across deforested or degraded forest landscapes.
Forests : Increasing the number and/or health of trees in an area
Landscapes : Watersheds, jurisdictions, & land uses interact
Restoration: Bringing back the biological productivity
• FLR is more than just planting trees – it is restoring a whole landscape to
meet present and future needs and to offer multiple benefits and land uses
over time.
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20. Increased forest cover examples
Niger, 1990 Niger, Today
• 5 million ha restored, 2.5 millions benefitted
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21. 21
South Korea, 1960
South Korea, 2000
• Forest density increased x14, economy x25

22. Sri Lanka..
• The forest cover is approximately 2.1 million ha.
• Agricultural land was reported at 43.69 % in 2016
• Target to increase the national forest cover from 29.7% to 32% by 2030
(UNFCCC)
• NFP Objective: To increase tree-cover and productivity of the forests
• Policy: Developing Agro Forestry Systems
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23. Conclusion
Forest
Degraded or Under-
Utilized Land
Agriculture
Climate Smart
Agriculture
Techniques of
increasing the
forest cover on
agricultural areas
Forest
Restore & sustain productivity
Restore ecosystem services
Reversing the paradigm of degradation 23
Restore the forest cover

24. References
• Nrcs.usda.gov. 2020. Agroforestry | NRCS Washington. [online]
Available at:
<https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/wa/technical/ec
oscience/agronomy/?cid=nrcseprd1178607> [Accessed 5 September
2020].
• Tradingeconomics.com. 2020. Sri Lanka - Agricultural Land (% Of Land
Area) - 1961-2016 Data | 2020 Forecast. [online] Available at:
<https://tradingeconomics.com/sri-lanka/agricultural-land-percent-
of-land-area-wb-data.html> [Accessed 7 September 2020].
• Fao.org. 2020. [online] Available at: <http://www.fao.org/3/a-
i5588e.pdf> [Accessed 7 September 2020].
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